Abstract: A method of manufacturing a single crystal of a III-V compound by melting a charge of polycrystalline material and progressive crystallization of the molten stoichiometric compound in a closed space.The method is characterized in that on the one hand a certain quantity of the sparingly volatile element of the compound is added to the charge of polycrystalline material, which facilitates the melting of the material and on the other hand the corresponding quantity of the volatile element is added at the point of lower temperature of the space so that the stoichiometric ratios are observed.

Abstract: A process for preparing a transparent cosmetic material having a moisturizing effect in which lactic acid and casein hydrolysate formation are carried out simultaneously in skim milk by lactic acid bacteria and proteases and, subsequently, sterilization of the lactic acid bacteria and inactivation of the proteolytic enzyme are carried out simultaneously.

Abstract: An ash fusion analyzer for determining the ASTM defined fusion temperatures of coal and coke ash includes a furnace chamber with a viewport. A rotatable sample-supporting platform is positioned within the chamber such that samples on the platform are viewable through the viewport. An optical system is aligned with the viewport for directing images of the moving samples onto a solid state line scan array. A microprocessor is coupled to the array for periodically sampling data from the array and calculating shape information relating to the samples.

Abstract: A flux concentrator is disclosed for generating a strong magnetic field. An inductor is provided for generating a primary magnetic field which is weaker than the strong magnetic field. A concentrator body has a hollow interior for receiving material to be acted upon by the strong magnetic field. The body is located within the primary magnetic field and shields the primary magnetic field from the hollow interior. A flux concentrator device is positioned within the hollow interior and has a slot extending therethrough. The flux concentrator device is coupled to the primary field for generating the strong magnetic field within the slot. Structure is provided to vary the size of the slot while the strong magnetic field is being generated in the slot.

Abstract: A quartz arsenic cell having a stabilizing valve used to generate hot arsenic vapor which is flowed into liquid gallium, to provide a melt of liquid gallium arsenide from which a crystal can be pulled. The stabilizing valve prevents negative relative pressure from occurring in the quartz arsenic cell, and thus prevents the molten material from being sucked back up into the quartz arsenic cell.

Abstract: The specification discloses a proximate analyzer for the analysis of fossil fuels such as coal and coke. The analyzer includes a temperature-controllable and atmosphere-controllable furnace chamber, a balance having a weigh platform positioned within the furnace chamber, and a platter positioned within the chamber and adapted to support a plurality of sample-containing crucibles. The furnace further includes means for continuously depositing the crucibles in a predetermined sequence on the weigh platform and means for monitoring the weights of the crucibles to determine when analysis is complete and for calculating the proximate analysis results based on weight loss. A method of proximate analysis using the proximate analyzer is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for growing single crystal semiconductor compounds by the gradient freeze technique includes the process of reducing radiant heat flow while enhancing axial heat flow in the region of a seed crystal so as to give rise to an inverted solid-liquid interface together with a desired temperature profile.

Abstract: A flow through fluid analyzer and method of analysis which comprises providing a transparent analyzer tube having an open ended outer reservoir, a capillary tube connected at one end to the inner end of the outer reservoir and at its opposite end to the inner end of an inner reservoir provided with means for drawing fluid placed in the outer reservoir through the capillary tube into the inner reservoir and for returning the fluid to the outer reservoir, the analyzer being first filled with a carrier fluid which is nonreactive or predictably reactive to the constituents of the fluid being analyzed, followed by the introduction of a sample bubble of the fluid to be analyzed into the outer reservoir, the volume of the sample bubble being initially measured as it is drawn through the capillary tube into the inner reservoir by measuring the change in the volume of fluid in the inner reservoir as the leading and trailing ends of the sample bubble pass a reference point on the capillary tube.

Abstract: A method of two dimensional chemical flood testing includes evacuating a porous medium contained in a test cell. The porous medium in the test cell is irradiated with a beam of microwave energy at a plurality of predetermined locations on said test cell. The microwave energy that has passed through the porous medium at each location is detected at the location. The porous medium in the test cell is filled with brine. The irradiating and detecting steps are repeated, the porous medium is then flooded with crude oil, or a substitute, and again the irradiating and detecting steps are repeated. The porous medium is flooded with brine and again the irradiating and detecting steps are repeated. A calibration curve for each location is derived from the detected microwave energy at the location from the prior irradiating and detecting steps.

Abstract: A single crystal is produced by contacting a polycrystal showing a discontinuous crystal grain growth at a temperature not lower than T.degree. C. to a seed single crystal having substantially the same crystal structure as the polycrystal and heating the contacted crystals at a temperature (t.degree. C.) lower than the temperature T.degree. C. to cause a solid phase reaction at an interface between microcrystal grains composing the polycrystal and the seed single crystal, whereby the microcrystal grains in the polycrystal are integrated to the seed single crystal to grow the single crystal.

Abstract: For water treatment in swimming pools, cooling towers, hot tubs, and other systems it is desired to feed various chemicals in small quantities but at optimum rates into the system. In several embodiments of the invention the water is recirculated through the system which usually includes a filter. It has been discovered that the chemicals can be fed by enclosing them in generally spherical plastic capsules suggestive of table-tennis balls, but about the size of a baseball. The rate of feeding depends upon the size and number of small holes which are provided, or the user pokes through the shell of the capsule, upon the solubility of the chemical, and upon the flow rate of the water through a strainer, skimmer, or other chamber in the system into which the capsule is introduced. The random orientation of the capsule tends to average out variations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for growing multiple epitaxial layers with at least two different compositions on a substrate from solutions. The substrate is mounted in a channel communicating with solutions of different compositions. A gas bubble located in the channel separates the solutions from each other. The different solutions are moved into sequential contact with the substrate in order to grow the epitaxial layers in the sequence desired, with a gas bubble sweeping across the substrate between sequential contact with the substrate of the different solutions.

Abstract: A chemical vapor deposition epitaxial reactor (10) comprised of a quartz tube (12) with banks of IR lamp proximate the outside surface thereof. A splitter plate (30) located at the inlet of the tube (12) separates reactive gases and nonreactive gases directed longitudinally into the tube. The nonreactive gases, directed along the inside surface of the tube (12), substantially prevents unwanted reactant deposition on the inside surface of the tube (12).

Abstract: Aqueous enzyme preparation stabilized with a salt of a lower molecular weight acid in the presence of alcohol.

Abstract: A temperature control apparatus for a high temperature reactor in an analytical instrument of the type in which a development reagent is added to a flowing stream as part of the detection process. The temperature control apparatus utilizes solid state heat transfer means to transfer heat between a thermoconductive block to which is mounted the reactor and an air exchange heat sink which obtains heat from or disposes heat into ambient air as required. The control apparatus regulates the temperature of the reactor at a very rapid rate in the high temperature range of approximately 90.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. without the use of a separately contained heat exchange medium. The ability of the apparatus to cool the reactor rapidly eliminates the requirement to keep reactor contents at elevated pressures to prevent vaporization of the stream being analyzed.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for producing semiconductor ribbon directly from the molten state by contact with a moving chill surface wherein the chill surface has longitudinal grooves near its outer edges to define ribbon width and improve smoothness of ribbon edges.

Abstract: Misfit dislocation density at an InAs-GaAs interface is reduced in both I-GaSb and In.sub.1-x Ga.sub.x As-GaSb.sub.1-y As.sub.y superlattices grown on GaAs substrates by means of a MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) growth technique consisting of a step graded sequence of composition layers between substrate and superlattice whose composition changes in discrete concentration steps from the composition of the substrate to the composition of the superlattice.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring minute quantities of moisture and other contaminants within sealed enclosures such as electronic assemblies which may be subject to large external atmospheric pressure variations.An array of vacuum quality valves (20 thru 32) is arranged to permit cleansing of the test apparatus of residual atmospheric components from a vacuum source (13). This purging operation evacuates a gas sample bottle (36), which is then connected by valve settings to provide the drive for withdrawing a gas sample from the sealed enclosure under test into the sample bottle through a colometric detector tube (Drager tube) (19) which indicates moisture content. The sample bottle (36) may be disconnected and its contents (drawn from the test enclosure) separately subjected to mass spectrograph analysis. The use of an inert reference gas (12) admitted during the test, facilitates the determination of free volume and internal pressure within the test unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for fabricating large grain semiconductor ribbons suitable for use in solar cells. A molten semiconductor material is discharged onto a rotating cylindrical surface which is rotating with linear velocity of not greater than 36 m/sec.

Abstract: Strain-free mounting and uniform heating of deposition substrates are achieved by coating the backside of the substrate such as a GaAs substrate with a reflective layer. A reflective environment formed, for example, by tantalum foils allows reflections between the reflective surface of the substrate and the reflective surface of the environment. These multiple reflections, in turn, produce uniform heating of the substrate.