Abstract: A new use of the apparatus for dispensing chemicals such as insecticides and fertilizers by means of a garden hose is disclosed. In earlier applications the use of a spherical feeder capsule in an "intermediate-velocity chamber" was disclosed wherein the spherical shape provided uniformity of feeding by reason of its random movement and rotation in the chamber. In the new use described, the spherical shape may provide a decidedly non-uniform rate of feeding; and there may be a lesser degree of freedom of the feeder within the chamber compared to the earlier-claimed uses. In the preferred embodiment a water supply is connected through a hose to a chamber such as the "Fluidic Lawn Feeder" produced by Acme Burgess Inc. From the chamber a second piece of hose extends to a pistol-grip nozzle of the well-known type whereby an operator may quickly turn the water on and off to the pro-set rate of spray or the like.

Abstract: Crystals (51) of high morphological quality are grown by dissolution of a substance (28) to be grown into the crystal (51) in a suitable solvent (30) under high pressure, and by subsequent slow, time-controlled reduction of the pressure of the resulting solution (36). During the reduction of the pressure interchange of heat between the solution (36) and the environment is minimized by performing the pressure reduction either under isothermal or adiabatic conditions.

Abstract: In a crystal growing apparatus, an electrode is arranged above a crystal raw material melt at a distance therefrom. Changes in the resistance of the atmosphere between the electrode and the melt are detected so as to detect the surface level of the melt. The crystal pulling speed or power supply for heating the melt is controlled in accordance with the detection result, thereby performing dimension control of the crystal.

Abstract: A method is provided for semiconductor ribbon-to-ribbon conversion in a rigid edge mode. A combination carrier and mask is provided by which the ribbon is secured during the conversion process. The carrier holds the ribbon and simultaneously masks the edges of the ribbon from the heating effects of an impinging energy beam. The energy beam, such as a laser or electron beam, impinges on the ribbon and creates a molten zone which extends through the thickness of the ribbon. During the growth process, the molten zone is caused to move along the length of the ribbon. The mask prevents melting of the extreme edge portions of the ribbon and thus allows a rapid growth rate and a stable molten zone without sophisticated electronic equipment to gate the energy beam at the ribbon edges.

Abstract: A method of recovering fumed hydrophobic SiO.sub.2, produced by the flame hydrolysis of a ternary azeotrope of H.sub.2 SiF.sub.6, HF, and H.sub.2 O, is disclosed. The method involves passing the fumed hydrophobic silica, as it leaves the combustion chamber, through a nonclassifying agglomerator at a residence (travel) time of from about 0.5 to several seconds, preferably about 1.0 to about 5.0 seconds, then separating the fumed silica from the product stream in a cyclone separator or other means for collecting dispersoids.

Abstract: This invention concerns an improved process for separating one crystallize component from a liquid containing a plurality of components, which comprises passing a stream of said liquid successively through at least part of a series of zones of successively lower temperatures including the zone of lowest temperature, so as to induce the formation of crystals of said one component in each of said zones, passing the crystals formed in each of said zones in a direction countercurrent to the direction of the stream of liquid through at least part of said zones, including the zone of highest temperature, separating the crystals present in the zone of highest temperature from their mother liquor and recovering at least part of these crystals, separating the crystals in the zone of lowest temperature from their mother liquor and recovering that mother liquor, and recirculating part of said crystals present in one zone, from that zone to a zone of lower temperature.

Abstract: In the crystallization of a substance from a solution, in particular the crystallization of fats from a mother liquor containing solvents, the solution is rapidly cooled (I) to a temperature below the crystallization temperature. This supercooled and hence supersaturated solution begins to crystallize only after ca. 60 to 90 seconds, so that during this interval (II) it may be transferred to a retention tank in which crystallization takes place (III). This method may be carried out either quasi-continuously or continuously.

Abstract: Improved apparatuses and methods of operation for conducting the separation process entitled "Vacuum Freezing Multiple Phase Transformation Process (denoted as VFMPT Process)" have been introduced. Processing zones and valving means are properly arranged so that operations in most processing zones are continuous. An improved VFMPT plant can be operated simply and reliably and be constructed at a low cost. Corrosion problems, use of a low pressure compressor, use of an absorbing solution have been eliminated.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for accurately diluting an unknown solution. The apparatus is capable of accurately diluting a concentrated solution into a large volume in a reproducible manner. The apparatus is easily disassembled for transportation and field use if necessary. In addition, a process of diluting is disclosed which minimizes the deviations in concentrations from batch to batch. Furthermore, the apparatus includes capillary tubing and stems which enhance the operator's ability to make accurate and reproducible dilutions.

Abstract: A continuous process for producing granular calcium hypochlorite particles comprises admixing lime and an aqueous liquid in a mixing zone to form a lime slurry. The lime slurry is fed into a crystallizing zone along with a calcium hypochlorite-containing liquid to produce a slurry of coarse dibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals and to elutriate a fines slurry from the crystallizing zone. The coarse dibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals are separated from a dibasic hypochlorite mother liquor and fed to a chlorinating zone. Reaction of the coarse dibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals with a chlorinating agent is conducted to produce a slurry of hemibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals. The slurry is fed to a separator to separate a hemibasic hypochlorite mother liquor from the hemibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals.

Abstract: A monocrystalline semiconductor film is formed on an insulating film first by selectively forming at least one insulating film which has sides substantially perpendicular to <100> or <211>-axes, contiguous to a cubic crystal system monocrystalline semiconductor substrate. An amorphous film of a cubic crystal system semiconductor material is formed to cover an exposed surface of substrate and the insulating film. The amorphous semiconductor film is annealed under a condition such that the amorphous film is grown from the substrate by solid-phase epitaxial growth, thereby converting the amorphous film to a monocrystalline semiconductor film having a crystal lattice continuous to that of the substrate.

Abstract: An aqueous corrosion inhibitor composition of soluble antimony and molybdenum salts in which the weight ratio of soluble antimony salt to molybdenum salt ranges between about 0.01 to 1 and about 5 to 1. This corrosion inhibitor is particularly useful in acid gas scrubbing processes, under alkaline conditions, where alkali metal salts and amine compound promoters are used.

Abstract: Specimens of solid organic substances are decomposed by grinding the specimen to powder having particles of a size smaller than 75 microns, and then compressing the powder specimen. The compressed powder specimen is abraded by means of a scraper, and the abraded material metered out in predetermined amounts for incineration in an injector burner suitable for solids. In this manner, large quantities of specimen material which might contain elements that attack quartz glass can be incinerated without causing damage to the quartz glass burner. The apparatus for decomposing specimens of solid organic substances includes an injector burner that communicates with a powder processing and proportioning device through a flexible tube. The powder processing and proportioning device includes a specimen container for compressed powder, supported by a rotatable fixture to rotate the specimen container.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a novel sulfur remelting method and an apparatus for employing the method. The method of remelting sulfur from a solid sulfur block may be comprised of generating super-heated liquid sulfur, spraying the super-heated liquid sulfur on the face of the solid sulfur block to thereby melt sulfur from the face of the block, and collecting the liquid sulfur generated in a collecting tank which maintains the sulfur in a liquid condition. The apparatus utilized for remelting sulfur from a solid sulfur block may comprise means for generating super-heated liquid sulfur and spray means for directing the super-heated liquid sulfur at high velocity at the face of the block to melt sulfur from the face of the block.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing monocrystalline silicon uniformly containing oxygen at a high concentration. The invention provides an apparatus that employs an improvement in the Czochralski method for producing monocrystalline silicon. The apparatus includes an annular shaped member which floats on the surface of the silicon melt and prevents the escape of oxygen from the silicon melt. The member rotates around a pull of monocrystalline silicon which is pulled through the aperture of the member. The member preferably is made of quartz which supplies oxygen to the silicon melt and thereby increases the concentration of oxygen in the melt.

Abstract: A novel process is described for the removal of the objectionable point (tilt projection, appearing at the top of a silicon island). The process includes the formation of a thick insulating layer on the top surface of the island, etching the top and sides of the insulating layer to expose, at the least, the objectionable point and, thereafter, etching the objectionable point to produce a rounded edge.

Abstract: A III-V compound semiconducting single crystal is manufactured by a method using an encapsulant, which method comprises allowing the molten mass of a material for the crystal melted in advance under high pressure to be placed under a pressure lower than the pressure to be exerted during the work of pulling the crystal thereby causing the molten mass to generate bubbles and allowing the departing bubbles to entrain impurities from the molten mass, bringing a seed crystal into contact with the molten mass, applying a potential to the molten mass thereby determining the impurity concentration of the molten mass based on the results of the measurement and, after the impurity concentration of the molten mass determined as described above has reached a prescribed level, initiating the work of pulling the crystal from the molten mass.

Abstract: A crucible useful for continuous preparation of single crystals with selected crystal orientation or for depositing thin films of crystalline materials such as silica on substrates such as graphite by the pendant drop growth (PDG) method, the crucible base being tapped with one or more capillary bores having a length equal to or greater than the retention height of the molten liquid used to prepare the crystal of film at the temperatures and pressures used, the crucible being improved by "capping" its bottom with a conical baffle plate supported by feet on the bottom of the crucible, the improved crucible providing single crystals having high dimensional regularity and containing no bubbles or unmelted inclusions and the single crystals being broadly useful in jewelry, horology, and electronics.

Abstract: In the fusion of vanadium pentoxide powder heat is generated in a melt of the powder by passing an electrical current along a current path in the melt and additional vanadium pentoxide powder is fed onto the surface of the melt. A furnace is used which has an overflow weir.

Abstract: The present invention introduces a process for effectively washing a crystal-liquid (mother liquor) mixture with a mass of wash liquid to thereby form a mass of highly purified crystals and also introduces apparatuses for use therein. The purification is accomplished by properly conducted alternative stationary and agitated crystal washing operations and substantially countercurrent transfer of the solid phase and the free liquid in a purification zone. The zone contains a set of stationary washing sub-zones and a set of agitated washing sub-zones that are laid alternatively along the vertical direction.The mass of crystals in a stationary sub-zone is compacted by a compacting means to form a bed with an enhanced degree of compaction. The masses of crystals and liquid in each agitated sub-zone are properly agitated so that the impurities in the mother liquors retained in the crystal mass are released to the free liquid.