Abstract: Neutralization of perfluoropolyethers is accomplished by reacting them with gaseous fluorine in the presence of radiations having a wavelength from 200 to 300 nm. The presence of radiations permits to operate at lower temperatures and with higher reaction rates, and to reach an exhaustive neutralization.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making a laminate by electrophoretically coating a flat mat made from a material selected from graphite, carbon, and mixtures thereof with an electrophoretable polymer in a non-aqueous system. The polymer is cured and the mat is impregnated with a thermosetable impregnating resin. The impregnating resin is B-staged to form a prepreg and several prepregs are stacked and cured under heat and pressure to form the laminate. Also disclosed is a laminate made by this method.

Abstract: Electrodeposition coating apparatus is disclosed for charging and applying a liquid coating material, such as a water based resin solution, to oppositely charged workpieces with increased efficiency. The apparatus includes a tank constructed from hollow vertical, V-shaped columns, side panels extending therebetween and reinforcing members extending along the exterior. The tank includes a liquid level control weir and liquid circulation eductors and nozzles on its sides, ends and bottom for circulating the liquid coating material within the tank. Electrodes for electrically charging the coating liquid are recessed between the vertical, sidewall columns to minimize any flow disruption or turbulence within the tank while provided sufficient liquid contact for proper charging. A separate liquid recirculation tank is provided adjacent the main tank for collecting and pumping liquid which flows over the weir back to the liquid circulation system.

Abstract: An apparatus for coating by electrodeposition a workpiece immersed in a reservoir containing coating material to be electro-deposited wherein the workpiece is set for a first electrode, and a second electrode is disposed along side wall and the bottom of the reservoir for effecting electrodeposition coating on the workpiece by applying DC voltage across the first and second electrodes. The second electrode is consisted of a plurality of conductive rods supported by supporting members at a predetermined height from the bottom of the reservoir. The conductive rods are disposed at a predetermined interval.

Abstract: A continuous process for the production of dichlorohydrin by the reaction of allyl chloride, water and chlorine enabling several options for improving yields, lowering operating costs and having reduced effluent treating requirements which multi-stage reaction zone process employs electrodialysis and post reaction reverse osmosis, with integrated recycled streams therebetween.

Abstract: The invention is primarily a metallized chloroplast composition for use in a photosynthetic reaction. A catalytic metal is precipitated on a chloroplast membrane at the location where a catalyzed reduction reaction occurs. This metallized chloroplast is stabilized by depositing it on a support medium such as fiber so that it can be easily handled. A possible application of this invention is the splitting of water to form hydrogen and oxygen that can be used as a renewable energy source.

Abstract: A process for measuring the potential of an indicator electrode of a transition metal, which dips into a bath of molten chlorides disposed in an electrolytic cell relative to a reference electrode. It is characterized by introducing into the bath an amount of alkali metal and/or alkaline earth fluorides such that the molar ratio of the fluorine contained in the bath to the amount of dissolved transitions metal is between 4 and 8.

Abstract: A process for the photochemical dehydrogenation of alcohols comprises the steps of forming a suspension of semiconductor powder in the alcohol and photochemically activating the suspension in the presence of an oxidant with illumination having an energy at least equal to the band gap of the semiconductor powder. The process is one carried out at about ambient temperature and with gentle agitation. The semiconductor powder has the general formula A.sub.x B.sub.y C.sub.z where A is selected from Bi, Sn, Pt, Pd, Cu, Fe, W, V, Sb, Mo, Ru or Ag and mixtures thereof; B is Te, Sb, Ti, Cd, Mo, W or V and mixtures thereof; C is O or S; x equals 0.1 to 5; y equals 1 to 3; and z is a number necessary to satisfy the other elements, and is optionally metallized by an element selected from Pt, Pd, Cu or Ag.

Abstract: By Ferric Ion Treatment of crushed and/or pulverized coal, the ash content of a coal can be significantly and efficiently reduced. This treatment of coal, preferably in an acidic medium, creates an increase in osmotic pressure inside the pores and crevices of the coal matrix until they open up, allowing the ash-forming mineral matter to be released from the coal. Also, the ferric ions preferentially attack the sessile bonds of the coal molecule and help open up the pores. The liberated mineral matter is then separated from the coal to obtain a clean coal. A flow-through reactor, utilizing working, reference and counter electrodes, and a loosely-packed coal bed through which the electrolyte flows, is particularly effective in facilitating the Ferric Ion Treatment.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for accurately maintaining a low alumina content of between 1 and 4.5% in a cell for the production of aluminum by electrolysis in the Hall-Heroult process. According to the invention, a control parameter P=-1/D(dR.sub.1 /dt), is determined, wherein D is the variation in the alumina content of the electrolytic bath in % weight per hour, R.sub.1 is the internal resistance of the cell, and t is the time. A series of operations is then carried out in a repeated cycle, starting with the cell being fed alumina at a nominal rate which is substantially equal to the quantity consumed by electrolysis. At periodic intervals, an over-supply of alumina is added in order to enrich the bath, and the over-supply is continued for a preset time during which dR.sub.1 dt is negative. The feed rate is then reduced to less than the nominal feed rate, during which time dR.sub.1 dt passes through zero to become positive and the regulation parameter P, the value of which tends to rise, is measured often.

Abstract: A method for separating and purifying a biomembrane protein from biomembrane by subjecting the biomembrane to gel electrophoresis in the presence of at least one anionic surfactant having the general formula (I):RO--XO).sub.m (YO).sub.n SO.sub.3 M (I)wherein R represents an alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkylphenyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, X and Y independently represent a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m and n independently represent a number of from zero to 40 provided that m+n is 4 to 40, and M represents an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, an amine, or ammonium.Thus, the desired biomembrane protein can be separated and purified with a high purity without denaturing the protein and also without impairing the biological function thereof.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for controlling alumina additions to reduction cells employing point feeders referred to as automatic feed. Automatic feed reduces the possibility of operating the cell at either too low or too high levels of alumina in the bath, and eliminates all anode effects except those desired, thus resulting in increased metal production.

Abstract: In the electrolytic production of aluminum by electrowinning or electrorefining processes, cell components such as cathode current feeders which in use are normally covered with molten aluminum are made of a composite material of aluminum or an aluminum alloy or intermetallic compound with an aluminum oxycompound, usually alumina, and possibly containing minor amounts of additives such as borides carbides, nitrides or oxides. The composite material, which remains mechanically stable and electrically conductive at 1000.degree. C., may be prepared by hot pressing powders at 1000.degree.-1700.degree. C. possibly after surface treating the alumina to improve wettability by molten Al. The components are optionally coated, e.g. with TiB.sub.2. The composite materials are also useful as non-current carrying components, including separator walls, weirs, packing elements and baffles.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide reactions occurring during carbon electrode use in the production of aluminum can be decreased by contacting the outer surface of the calcined coke with elemental sulfur prior to the formation of the coke into an electrode.

Abstract: A process for removing pollutants including sulfur dioxide and/or nitrogen oxides from effluent gas which relies on the use of corona discharge to enhance the efficiency of the process. In one embodiment, corona discharge is utilized in a conventional spray dryer. In another it is combined with an ammonia injection technique. In yet another embodiment corona discharge treatment is followed by exposing the acidic mist byproduct leaving the discharge treatment chamber to a neutralizing reagent directed into the path of the effluent. The reagent may be provided with an electrical charge opposite to that on the acidic mist byproduct emerging from the corona reaction chamber to enhance neutralization.

Abstract: Halogenated glass comprising 20 to 90 mole percent of at least one of cadmium, manganese and zinc halide and a process for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Processes, bath compositions, concentrates for preparing the bath compositions, and a replenisher useful in the sealing of anodized aluminum and anodized aluminum alloys. The bath compositions contain nickel ion, fluoride ion, ammonium ion, and acetate ion.

Abstract: A current-feeding cathode-mounting device comprises a metal-sheathed carrying rail of copper and a permanent cathode plate consisting of the same material as the sheath and joined by welding at least along part of a longitudinal edge and wherein at least an end portion of the rail is unsheathed at least along part of its extent. In order to increase the creep strength and durability and to ensure a low-resistance contact, the carrying rail consists of a hollow copper section, the sheath consists of special steel, the sheath is joined to the carrying rail by a diffusion-preventing non-porous weld, and the permanent cathode of special steel is joined to the sheath by an interrupted seal weld. The carrying rail consists suitably of a copper tube.

Abstract: A process to eliminate lead in gasoline, at the same time maintaining a high octane number in the gasoline, by irradiating leaded gasoline, at room temperature and pressure, with U. V. rays, which generate free organo-metallic radicals which facilitate a photochemical reaction with the gasoline, eliminating "moloxides" responsible for the reduction in the gasoline's octane number. In this manner an up-graded gasoline is obtained, which is completely lead-free, and prevents atmospheric pollution.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxybenzene derivatives or 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethylthiobenzene derivatives. A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxybenzene or a 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthiobenzene derivative is brought into contact with chlorine in the presence of radiation.