Abstract: The present invention includes a system for mounting a sensor probe through the wall of a chemical vessel or other fluid container such that a sensing element can be located within. The system includes means for maintaining the sensing probe within the vessel in a fluid-tight, elevated temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant seal. The system further includes provisions for removing, from the exterior of the reactor vessel, the sensing probe from the fixed sensing probe holder assembly which is within the interior of the reactor vessel. Further, means are included by which a sensing probe of an extended length which is mounted through the top of a chemical reactor vessel, can be inserted into and removed from the reaction vessel even with a low overhead situation above the uppermost portion of that reactor vessel.

Abstract: A benzene polycarboxylic acid represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 2 or 3, can be obtained under mild conditions with a high yield and with scarce formation of by-product by reacting a monochlorobenzene polycarboxylic acid represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein n is an integer of 2 or 3, or its alkali metal salt with carbon monoxide in an aqueous solution of an alkali metal compound in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst with irradiation of ray of 340-400 nm, and subsequently acidifying the reaction solution.

Abstract: Process for preparation of glyoxylic acid through electrochemical anodic oxidation of glyoxal in aqueous solution at a temperature comprised between 0.degree. C. and 70.degree. C. in an electrolyzer comprising at least one cathodic compartment containing a cathode and a catholyte, at least one anodic compartment containing an anode and an anolyte, consisting of an aqueous solution of glyoxal and an electrolyte, and at least one separator between both of these compartments. In such process the anode is doped by metallic adatoms selected from the group comprising silver, bismuth, copper, tin and thallium.

Abstract: This process relates to the halodecarboxylation of 3'-carboxydiphenylethers utilizing mercuric oxide, molecular halogen, and light in an inert atmosphere at moderate temperatures and at atmospheric pressure to afford 3'-halodiphenylethers.

Abstract: A cell for the electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminum comprises an electrolyte bath composed of halide salts having a density greater than aluminum but less than alumina. A non-consumable anode is located at the bottom of the bath, and a dimensionally stable cathode coated with titanium diboride is spaced above the anode and totally immersed in the bath. Particles of alumina are introduced into the bath where the alumina dissolves and forms ions of aluminum and oxygen. The oxygen ions are converted at the anode to gaseous oxygen which bubbles upwardly through the bath, agitating the bath. As a result, the bath is substantially saturated with dissolved alumina in the region of the anode, and the build-up of a layer of undissolved alumina on the anode is prevented. The aluminum ions are converted to metallic aluminum at the cathodes, and molten aluminum accumulates as a pool atop the bath above the cathodes.

Abstract: This application discloses a horizontal gel slab electrophoresis device comprised of a base containing two buffer chambers having a central divider means positioned below a horizontal self. The horizontal shaft is provided with means for cooling. A movable gel tray is positioned on top of the shelf for containing the gel slab and samples to be analyzed. An electrode is positioned in each buffer chamber adjacent to the central divider means. A valve means is positioned in the central divider means for controlling fluid flow between the buffer chambers. In addition, a port is positioned in each buffer chamber for feeding fluids into each of the buffer chambers.The device is useful in the electrophoresis analysis of samples contained in the gel slab within the movable gel tray.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for production of a microcrystalline metal oxide having an average particle size less than about 1000 angstroms.An important feature of the invention process involves the application of ultrasonic wave energy during the stage that a solution of metalorganic compounds is being treated to form a gelled solution. The ultrasonic energy input during the gelling stage enhances the production of a high purity metal oxide powder having fine grain particles of uniform microspheric dimensions.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrolysis process and cell for producing a metal by electrolyzing halides in a molten salt bath. It consists of using one cathode in the form of a basket, simultaneously passing a current I.sub.1 between this cathode and the anode in such a manner as to carry out a first deposit of crude metal in the basket and a current I.sub.2 between the said basket and the complimentary cathodes for depositing the final metal thereon. The cell consists of a central anodic system, a tubular cathodic basket surrounding the anode and a series of cathodes surrounding this basket, a positioning which can be reversed in relation to the basket. The invention finds its application in the continuous production of good quality refractory metal with a suitable material and electric yield.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for production of a microcrystalline metal oxide having an average particle size less than about 1000 angstroms.An important feature of the invention process involves the application of ultrasonic wave energy during the stage that a solution of metal organic compounds is being treated to form a gelled solution. The ultrasonic energy input during the gelling stage enhances the production of a high purity metal oxide powder having fine grain particles of uniform microspheric dimensions.

Abstract: An inorganic adsorbent comprising a porous titanium metal and titanium oxide sintered and impregnated on the surfaces of micropores of the porous titanium metal can be produced by impregnating the porous titanium metal with a titanium alkoxide solution, followed by hydrolysis and oxidation to give titanium oxide, and can be used for selectively removing transition metal ions in a water coolant of nuclear reactor.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a coating of magnetic particles deposited thereon by electrophoresis. Magnetic particles are encapsulated by dry milling in a thermoplastic binder which is insoluble at ambient or room temperatures and is softenable at temperatures higher than 70.degree. C. A charge director for producing functional sites in the binder is incorporated in the encapsulating polymer during the dry-milling step. The encapsulated mass is comminuted or pulverized and then wet-milled with a major amount of a low-boiling aliphatic hydrocarbon liquid. A suspension is then formed with additional hydrocarbon liquid. Additional charge director may be added, either during the wet-milling step or during the suspension-forming step. The suspension is then used as a bath from which the coating is deposited by electrophoresis. The magnetic particles are oriented by the application of a magnetic field, either during the depositing step or subsequent thereto.

Abstract: A device for the fused salt electrolysis of alkali metal halides by the Downs principle becomes operable on an expanded scale, by a process ensuring a favorable thermal economy of the cell, through the incorporation of a double bottom, an improved housing for receiving the anode sleeves, and a differentiatedly heat controllable base, shell, and cover construction with variable current load.

Abstract: A method based on a cyclic single electron transfer mechanism has been developed for the electrochemical initiation and interruption of the exothermic quadricyclane to norbornadiene conversion.

Abstract: A process is, herein disclosed, for producing a slow release composite having a physiologically active substance encapsulated therein, which comprises preparing a system wherein one or more physiologically active substances are in contact with protein from one or more protein sources, and bringing said system into direct contact with steam at temperatures between 50.degree. C. and 100.degree. C. to denature the protein and make the same hydrophobic, to thereby make a slow release composite having the physiologically active substance dispersed, fixed and encapsulated therein.

Abstract: A process for electrodialyzing ultrafiltrate and an electrodialysis cell for use in the process are disclosed. The ultrafiltrate contains ionic materials which form a deposit on at least one of the electrodes of the electrodialysis cell impairing the electrical efficiency of the cell. This problem is overcome by removing the deposited electrode from the cell while simultaneously replacing it with electrode relatively free of deposit, thereby restoring the electrical efficiency of the cell. The invention is particularly useful for treatment of the ultrafiltrate of an electrodeposition bath.

Abstract: For separating wax particles and/or water droplets from a hydrocarbon mixture boiling in the lubricating oil range, net positive or net negative free excess electric charge is introduced, e.g. by a charge injector (44), into the wax/water-laden oil mixture. The oil is brought into contact with at least one collector surface, which can be provided by a bed of closely packed beads (33) in a separation vessel (6) or, for separating wax particles, a rotating collector drum (61). The introduced charge attaches itself to the wax particles/water droplets and at the same time causes an induced electric field to be set up within the oil mixture. The electrophoretic effect produced by the interaction between the charge and the induced field causes the wax/water to collect on the collector surface and accumulate there, for separation from the oil mixture.

Abstract: A solid phase photosensitizer and method of use for photochemical generation of singlet oxygen. The sensitizer comprises one or more layers of an organic polycrystalline dye solid which absorbs radiant energy to release triplet excitons. Where multiple layers are employed, triplet state energies of the layers decrease toward the outer surface. A sub-monomolecular surface layer of organic molecules has a triplet state energy which is less than that of the adjacent dye-solid layer but greater than that of molecular oxygen. The sub-monomolecular layer thus functions to trap exciton energy at the sensitizer surface for reaction with gaseous molecular ground state oxygen directed thereover.

Abstract: A process for the separation of zirconium values from hafnium values wherein a solution of a zirconium chelate complex and a hafnium chelate complex, each having a common ligand, is irradiated with light, of a wavelength between 300 nm and 700 nm, in the presence of a scavenger, such that one of the metal chelate complexes is excited and reacts with the scavenger to form a reaction product that is separated from the solution while the other of the metal chelate complex remains stable and is retained in the solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of materials and finds application in the preparation of dispersions and gels.The invention provides, in one aspect, a process for the preparation of a dispersion which comprises treating a chemical compound with a quaternary ammonium hydroxide so as to peptize the chemical compound to form a dispersion.The dispersion may be, for example, a suspension or a sol (i.e. a colloidal solution). The chemical compound may be, for example, a hydrous metal oxide (e.g. hydrous stannic oxide).Mixed dispersions may be formed in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrogen peroxide production. More particularly, a novel process is disclosed that uses electromagnetic radiation a quinone autooxidation in a non-aqueous environment, i.e. ethylene glycol.