Abstract: Friction of internal combustion engines is reduced by using a crankcase motor oil containing the combination of graphite and a di-lower alkyl hydrocarbyl phosphonate, e.g. dimethyloctadecylphosphonate.

Abstract: An emulsifiable concentrate for use in water-in-oil fire-resistant hydraulic fluids, comprises lubricant and a polyalkenylsuccinic acid or anhydride or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing highly basic magnesium sulfonates useful as lubricants including (a) forming an admixture of an oil-soluble sulfonic acid, a previously overbased magnesium sulfonate having a TBN in excess of about 200, a lower alkanol, and a volatile solvent, (b) heating the admixture to neutralize the acid, (c) cooling the first admixture and then forming a second admixture by adding magnesium oxide, naphthenic acid, a lower alkanol and a diluent oil, (d) carbonating the second admixture with carbon dioxide, while simultaneously adding water and ammonia or an ammonium compound as promoters, during the addition of about the first 25% of the carbon dioxide, (e) heating the carbonated solution to remove water and the lower alkanol, (f) further carbonating the solution for a short time between 180.degree. F. and 220.degree. F.

Abstract: Compositions which include mixtures of a calcium hydroxide overbased oil-soluble calcium sulfonate, hexylene glycol and a surfactant consisting of an ethoxylated aliphatic amine, particularly, diethoxylated cocoamine or diethoxylated soyamine, are useful as rust inhibiting additives for oils and the like. By incorporating these compositions in petroleum based oils such as petroleum based oils of lubricating oil quality which come into contact with metal surfaces under conditions such that the metal surfaces tend to rust or otherwise be subject to deterioration it is possible to inhibit rust formation on such metal surfaces.

Abstract: A lubricating oil containing polytetrafluoroethylene particles and a fluorochemical surfactant which stabilizes the dispersion and creates a molecular surface tension skin on the surface of the oil to reduce volatilization losses during use in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Organic material is stabilized against oxidative degradation by the addition of a small amount of an antioxidant compound or mixture of compounds containing a central segment of one to about ten divalent o-hydrocarbyl phenol groups (e.g. o-tert-butylphenol) bonded to each other through a methylene group and having terminal 3,5-dihydrocarbyl-4-hydroxybenzyl groups at each end. They are made by first condensing o-hydrocarbyl phenol with formaldehyde and then reacting the intermediate with 2,6-dihydrocarbyl phenol and formaldehyde.

Abstract: Metal phenates especially overbased phenates are prepared by reacting a basic metallic compound with a mixture of an alkyl phenol and an alkyldihydroxybenzene. The products are useful as lubricant additives with improved antirust properties, and when overbased, with higher basicity and lower viscosity.

Abstract: A novel class of compounds has been prepared comprising the tetrasulfides of C.sub.18 hydrocarbons, C.sub.18 fatty acids, and C.sub.18 fatty and alkyl and triglyceride esters. These tetrasulfides are useful as extreme pressure lubricant additives and show potential as replacements for sulfurized sperm whale oil.

Abstract: Compositions made by reacting (I) a metal phenoxide salt of a bridged phenol of 2 to about 20 phenol groups and (II) a carboxylic acid reagent containing from one to about three carboxyl-based groups and a halogen-substituted hydrocarbon-based aliphatic or alicyclic group containing a halogen atom are useful as additives for lubricants and normally liquid fuels. Analogous thiophenoxide-based compositions are similarly useful. These compositions can also be used as intermediates for the preparation of other useful additive compositions through their reaction with alcohols, amino compounds, and reactive small ring heterocycles.

Abstract: A coupling having dissimilar metal mating parts is provided with a grease comprising a hydrocarbon base oil containing a stearate gelling agent, particularly a Na, Li or Ba stearate. This coupling is anti-galvanic corrosive. Such couplings are useful in fire-fighting equipment where often aluminum and bronze components are in mating relationship, such as fire hose adaptors and hose nozzles.

Abstract: A fire-resistant grease comprises a fire-resistant base oil and graphitic carbon or oleophilic graphite as a thickener. Suitable base oils include fire-resistant hydraulic fluids, particularly phosphorus acid esters or amides and more particularly trihydrocarbyl phosphates. The graphitic carbon may be of the type described in U.K. Pat. No. 1,252,582 (U.S. Pat. No. 3,532,625) and the oleophilic graphite as described in U.K. Pat. No. 1,168,784 (U.S. Pat. No. 3,384,583). The thickener contact may be 1-20% wt of the grease, preferably 2-10% wt, and the grease may contain conventional additives.

Abstract: A process for making an overbased low-soap alkaline earth metal hydrocarbylsulfonate in a single stage by mixing in an inert diluent (a) a hydrocarbyl sulfonic acid of 400-1500 molecular weight, (b) alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide in an amount to provide a stoichiometric excess equivalent to a total base number of at least 200 and to provide a "metal ratio" of at least 0.02.times.mol wt of the sulfonic acid, (c) an alkanol of 1-4 carbon atoms, preferably methanol, (d) water and (e) ammonium formate and then passing carbon dioxide into the mixture to convert excess alkaline earth metal base to carbonate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricant additive comprising a mixture of minute spherical copper and lead particles suspended in various lubricant bases depending upon its intended use. The minute spherical metal particles are presented to friction surfaces where they reduce friction by functioning as tiny ball bearings and platelets. In addition on the application of heat and pressure, the metal particles, particularly the copper particles, will plate on high wear areas where base metal has been removed by wear. The additive has been found to substantially reduce friction and wear between relatively moving parts.

Abstract: An article of manufacture and a method are disclosed herein for improving lubricity and wear resistance of a given substrate by applying thereto a solution comprising a fluoroalkyl ester and an organic carrier. The compositions herein disclosed have been found to be most effective as preservatives for coating sundry substrates, especially gramophone or phonograph record surfaces whereby there is effected a reduction of record groove wear while substantially reducing the friction between the stylus and the record groove. A preferred composition herein contemplated and disclosed is one comprising a perfluoroalkyl ester of stearic acid and a halogenated hydrocarbon carrier.

Abstract: A process for preparing molybdenum phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon compositions by reacting an aqueous solution of a molybdenum compound with a phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A metalworking lubricant composition which is effective as both a corrosion inhibitor and drawing lubricant and comprises a mineral oil and an additive combination of barium lanolate soap and barium sulfonate.

Abstract: The specification discloses advantageous dry bearing materials in which a material having characteristics making it useful as a dry bearing material has on its contacting or bearing surface a multiplicity of closely spaced, small, blind holes each filled with solid lubricant. It has been found that the holes should be less than 1 mm in diameter and have a center to center spacing of less than 1 mm and the specification discloses a phosphor bronze material of the invention using a polytetrafluoroethylene/lead solid lubricant of useful properties.

Abstract: A novel product made by forming the metal salt reaction product of a sulfurized olefin possesses, among other things, a good copper strip corrosivity. Organic composition containing a minor amount thereof also possess good lubricating characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lubricating oil additive composition which imparts improved oxidation properties to internal combustion engine crankcase lubricants which comprises:(1) an antioxidant selected from aromatic or alkyl sulfides and polysulfides, sulfurized olefins, sulfurized carboxylic acid esters and sulfurized ester-olefins, and(2) an oil-soluble chlorinated hydrocarbon containing at least 6 carbon atoms.Lubricating oil compositions containing this additive composition are also disclosed. Particularly preferred are compositions which also contain an oil-soluble zinc salt.

Abstract: Disclosed are combinations of amino phenols, wherein said phenols contain a substantially saturated hydrocarbon substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms, and one or more detergent/dispersants selected from the group consisting of (I) neutral or basic metal salts of an organic sulfur acid, phenol or carboxylic acid; (II) hydrocarbyl-substituted amines wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent is substantially aliphatic and contains at least 12 carbon atoms; (III) acylated nitrogen-containing compounds having a substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms; and (IV) nitrogen-containing condensates of a phenol, aldehyde and amino compound. Fuels and lubricants containing such combinations as additives are particularly useful in two-cycle (two-stroke) engines.