Abstract: An apparatus in which a developer material is moved adjacent an electrostatic latent image so that the latent image attracts the developer material thereto in image configuration. The developer material is advanced from a supply thereof to the latent image, with the unused developer material being returned thereto. As the developer material returns to the supply thereof, the velocity in the central region is greater than in the marginal regions.The foregoing is achieved by passing the unused developer mix through a plate having a plurality of progressively shorter chutes in an inwardly direction disposed symmetrically about the central region thereof. In this manner, the unused developer mix has a greater velocity in the central region than in the marginal regions thereof preventing the developer mix from clogging the chutes of the plate.

Abstract: Electrophotographic copying apparatus is disclosed having an elongated electrosensitive web defining a plurality of selectable image areas and having a plurality of perforations formed along an edge therein and movable along an endless path relative to a plurality of actuable work stations disposed along the path. The work stations are operative when actuated to perform a work operation on a selected image area of the web, respectively. The apparatus includes means disposed at a fixed location along the path for sensing the perforations to produce signals, a logic and control unit having a programmable computer with a stored program and responsive to such perforation signals for actuating the work stations in accordance with the program to cause the work stations to perform work operations on the web in timed relation to movement of selected image areas along the path respectively.

Abstract: This apparatus is disclosed for developing electrostatic latent images, comprising a developer supply unit having a first liquid repellent layer with a thickness in the range of 3 - 400.mu.(preferably 5 - 330.mu.). The first layer is disposed on a surface of a substrate, having a plurality of closely spaced pores distributed uniformly over the entire surface of the substrate and penetrating to the back surface thereof. A liquid developer is supplied to a first or back surface of this unit. A photoconductive sensitive plate is spaced closely to a front or second surface of the developer supply unit, to attract the developer to exude through the pores from the first surface of the said liquid repellent layer. More specifically, an electrostatic voltage is applied between the developer supply unit and the photoconductive sensitive plate to provide an electrostatic latent image preformed of electrostatic charges.

Abstract: An electrical focal plane shutter is provided of a type in which subsequent to a running of a first blind of the shutter, a second blind of the shutter is constrained from movement by an electromagnet until a desired exposure period passes, whereupon the electromagnet is deenergized to permit a running of the second blind. The electromagnet is controlled by an electromagnet control device including a light receiving element which is used for photometry. The shutter includes a shutter detent mechanism for preventing a shutter release operation when an electric storage battery contained in an associated camera is exhausted. The shutter further includes a high speed shutter operation control mechanism which assures against the instability of the operation of the electromagnet when the shutter is operating at a high speed, and also includes a manual shutter control mechanism for establishing a shutter operation period of a given length in a purely mechanical manner.

Abstract: The device according to this invention has a flash tube of the electronic type which is triggered when a charge stored in a capacitor is applied to the tube. A circuit is provided which measures light that is emitted from the tube and is reflected from an object. The light value of the reflected light is compared against a reference value and the emission of light from the flash tube is terminated when the reflected light reaches the level of the reference value. The reference value is electrically set by a mechanism calculating an aperture value set in the camera with a sensitivity value of a film to be used in the camera.

Abstract: An ion modulator having a bias electrode which is independently controllable improves the modulation and focusing of projected ions. Such a modulator is constructed so as to reduce the adverse effects of corona discharge upon the modulator.

Abstract: An ion modulator having a bias electrode which is independently controllable improves the modulation and focusing of projected ions. Such a modulator is constructed so as to reduce the adverse effects of corona discharge upon the modulator.

Abstract: An electrical film counter for a photographic camera is provided with a differentiating circuit responsive to a film winding operation for producing an output pulse. The number of output pulses from the differentiating circuit is counted by an UP-DOWN counter and is decoded by a decoder designed to drive an indicator which indicates the number of film frames advanced through the film gate of the camera.

Abstract: An improved process for electrostatic reproduction. A transparent charged sheet of insulating material, such as a thin insulating film bearing a uniform electrostatic charge on one side thereof, or an electret, is placed against an electrostatically charged photoconductive surface on a suitable substrate to form a temporary composite. The photoconductive surface is then exposed to a light pattern and the free surface of the transfer sheet is developed to provide a visible image corresponding to the light pattern. This image is fixed on the transfer sheet or transferred to a receiving sheet after the transfer sheet has been removed from the photoconductive surface. Further copies can be made by reapplying the transfer sheet to the photoconductive surface and redeveloping the free surface of the transfer sheet when in place on the photoconductive surface.

Abstract: An improvement is made in a camera wherein the exposure is controlled by an electronic circuit comprising a photoelectric element so situated as to receive a light reflected from the surface of photographic film in the camera.Conventional shortcomings of the above-mentioned camera that a time delay from operation of the electronic switching circuit to an actual completion of closing of the already opened shutter has been liable to cause an over-exposure and that an exposure period shorter than the delay has been impracticable can be eliminated by employing another photoelectric element which continuously receives a light from the object and influences a current to flow into a timer circuit.Moreover, by means of a change-over switch, the circuit is switched so as to be controlled substantially by the second photoelectric element in case the photographic object is so bright as to necessitate a high speed exposure faster than the time delay.

Abstract: A digital exposure time control circuit including a standard pulse generating circuit for developing standard rate pulses which are applied under control of a brightness-time conversion circuit to a dividing circuit, and subsequently counted in a reversible counter operating in a counting mode. The number of standard pulses counted are controlled by the brightness-time conversion circuit to be proportional to an exposure time, and the counted pulses are subsequently read-out from the counter to control exposure time. The exposure time control circuit also includes a self-timer control circuit which is responsive to a predetermined number of counted pulses to clear the reversible counter, and enable the brightness-time conversion circuit when the number of counted pulses exceeds the predetermined number in order to develop a delay time, determined by the predetermined number of pulses to which the self-timer is responsive, before the start of counting the pulses for controlling exposure time.

Abstract: A copy sheet is held between a reciprocally rotatable drum and a holding roller which bears against the drum, and for each reciprocal rotation of the drum, an electrostatic latent image corresponding to one of a plurality of selected color separation images is formed on the sheet and each image is developed with a corresponding color developing solution. A mechanism is provided which is effective to prevent misalignment, in particular, lateral misalignment, between the plurality of color separation images which are formed in superposed manner on the sheet. After the formation of the electrostatic latent image, the sheet on the drum has its free end moved away from the peripheral surface thereof and is delivered, in floating condition, into a vessel which contains a corresponding color developing solution for the purposes of developing. This manner of developing minimizes the attachment of color developing solutions to unwanted portions and to prevent a mixing of different color developing solutions.

Abstract: The invention discloses a program-controlled shutter wherein, depending upon the brightness of a subject, a suitable f-number and a suitable exposure time are determined by a plurality of shutter blades which are driven stepwise by a stepping motor in response to driving pulses applied thereto open the camera lens to a suitable f-number and then to close it after a suitable exposure time. To derive the electrical signal representative of the brightness of a subject, a photocell, an A-D converter, an encoder for encoding the output from a A-D converter into the binary-coded decimal signal, and a decoder for converting the output from the encoder into, for instance, a sexadecimal signal are used.

Abstract: In an electric shutter operating circuit for use in a photographic camera of the class wherein the operation of the shutter is controlled in accordance with the brightness of an object, and information regarding the iris opening and the photosensitivity of the film used, there are provided a photoelectric element for generating an electric signal corresponding to the brightness, means for generating information signals regarding iris opening and the photosensitivity, a comparator circuit for comparing the electric signal and the information signals, means to feedback the output of the comparator circuit to the input thereof, a memory capacitor connected on the output side of the comparator circuit for storing an electric quantity corresponding to the brightness, an amplifier connected to respond to the terminal voltage of the memory capacitor, and means responsive to the output of the amplifier for controlling the operation of the shutter of the camera.

Abstract: A method of making a handbag having an illuminatable interior includes steps of attaching an illumination source to the interior of the handbag, along with locating and attaching a latching clasp to the exterior wall of the handbag and a switch to the interior wall of the handbag directly across from the latching clasp on the exterior wall. The clasp and the switch are connected through the wall and a shaft extends from the clasp which will actuate the switch which is connected to the illumination source, thereby lighting the interior of the bag.

Abstract: In a shutter-time-preference single lens reflex camera, in which the shutter time control is done with a predetermined shutter time, and diaphragm value is determined by an output information of a photometric means which measures a transmission light of a photographing lens and the above predetermined shutter time information, a camera actuating means provided in the camera body is put into operation through a magnet means provided in the camera body so that the aperture of the photographing is controlled in accordance with the above predetermined diaphragm value, and then the shutter time control is performed. Further, the camera includes an electric driving device and the driving of the electric driving device is controlled by a safety switch which, in turn, is controlled for its ON and OFF conditions by the completion of the exposure operations such as the operation of the shutter rear screen.

Abstract: An electrophotographic printing machine in which color transparencies are reproduced. The printing machine includes a notch filter which transmits blue and green light images of the color transparency therethrough while blocking a portion of the red light image from passing therethrough.

Abstract: A film advancing module which co-operates with a basic processing module to duplicate a master microfiche. The film advancing module includes a film drawing station for drawing a continuous strip of vesicular microfilm from the basic processing module into the film advancing module, a film cutting station for separating an exposed film segment from the continuous strip of microfilm, a film heating station for heating the film segment, a film cooling station for cooling the film segment, a film clearing station for clearing the film segment and a film receiving station for collecting the film segment. The film heating and cooling stations are positioned to define a generally S-shaped path of travel which tends to remove any curl in the film and all the stations are positioned to define a relatively compact path of travel for the film segment. The film cooling and clearing stations are connected in series to a source of cooling air to conduct heat away from the film segment.

Abstract: A paper feed device for a copying machine, in which paper jamming at the copying paper cutting mechanism is effectively prevented is provided. This paper feed device for a copying machine comprises a feed reel for supporting a copying paper wound thereon in a roll-like form, a paper feed roller intermittently driven and rotated to take out the copying paper from the feed reel, an introduction roller disposed on the introduction side of a transfer passage for delivering the copying paper to copying treatment zones in the copying machine, and a copying paper-cutting mechanism disposed between the paper feed roller and the introduction roller to cut the copying paper taken out of the feed reel into a prescribed length.

Abstract: A continuously operating transfer reproduction apparatus includes a cyclic control unit which automatically effects alternate redevelopment and reimaging cycles when reproducing multiple copies of the same master. An electrophotographic plate travels in a closed loop past a moving optical system which images the plate with a light image of the master creating a latent electrostatic image on the plate. The latent image is developed at a developing station and transferred to a substrate at a transfer station as the plate travels therepast. Increased throughput speed is achieved by effecting a fixed number of redevelopment cycles while the moving optical system is resetting. Thus, the plate continues its travel past the resetting optical system to the developing station where the latent image is redeveloped and thence to the transfer station for transfer of the developed image to a second substrate.