Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing N-(5-chloro-2-isopropylbenzyl)cyclopropanamine by hydrogenation of N-[(5-chloro-2-isopropylphenyl)methylene]cyclopropanamine over specific platinum catalysts.

Abstract: Compounds that stimulate fibroblast growth factor production, and thus cell growth are provided. Also provided are compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the compounds. The compounds can be used to treat wounds, to expand cell populations, such as hematopoietic cells, or to grow tissue in vitro, among other uses.

Abstract: New compounds which meet general formula (I): where: m=0, 1 or 2; R1 and R2=a C6 to C12, straight-chain or branched, hydrocarbon group; R3=H, a C1 to C12, straight-chain or branched, hydrocarbon group, optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms; a C3 to C8 monocyclic hydrocarbon group, optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms, or a monocyclic (hetero)aryl group; or else R2 and R3 together form a —(CH2)n— group where n=1 to 4; R4=a C2 to C8, straight-chain or branched, hydrocarbon group, or a monocyclic aromatic group; R5=H, or a C1 to C12, straight-chain or branched, hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of synthesis gas by means of particularly a series arrangement of heat exchange reforming and autothermal reforming stages, in which the heat required for the reforming reactions in the heat exchange reforming stage, is provided by hot effluent synthesis gas from the autothermal reforming stage. More particularly, the invention relates to optimisation of the operation and control of an arrangement of heat exchange reforming and autothermal reforming stages and introduction of an additional waste heat boiler.

Abstract: Cationic steroidal antimicrobial (CSA) compounds having amide functionality and methods of manufacturing such CSA compounds. The CSA compound can be a compound of Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III), or a salt thereof: where R18 has the following structure: —R20—(C?O)—N—R21R22 R20 is omitted or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl, and R21 and R22 are independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, provided that at least one of R21 and R22 is not hydrogen.

Abstract: Process for preparing isononanoic acid proceeding from 2-ethylhexanol, characterized in that (a) 2-ethylhexanol is dehydrated to octene in the presence of a catalyst; (b) the octene obtained in step a) is reacted in the presence of a transition metal compound of group VIII of the periodic table of the elements with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to give isononanal; and (c) the isononanal obtained in step b) is oxidized to isononanoic acid.

Abstract: A method for isolation of 1,3-propanediol from post-fermentation broth is disclosed. The method generally involves the following steps: (1) biomass removal from post-fermentation broth by one of the following methods: ultrafiltration, filtration, centrifugation or sedimentation; (2) 1,3-propanediol extraction with organic solvent mixture containing 2-butanone with high efficiency performed continuously or stepwise; (3) distillation under vacuum to obtain highly pure target product and (4) organic solvent recovery and recycling the solvent back into the process. The method is useful for recovering valuable 1,3-propanediol from aqueous solutions produced by fermentation.

Abstract: A Process for preparing carboxylic esters of a mixture of structurally branched C9 monocarboxylic acids proceeding from 2-ethylhexanol is characterized in that (a) 2-ethylhexanol is dehydrated to an octene mixture in the presence of a catalyst; (b) the octene mixture obtained in step a) is reacted in the presence of a transition metal compound of group VIII of the periodic table of the elements with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to give a mixture of isomeric isononanals; (c) the mixture of isomeric isononanals obtained in step b) is oxidized to a mixture of structurally branched C9 monocarboxylic acids; and (d) the mixture of structurally branched C9 monocarboxylic acids obtained in step c) is reacted with alcohols to give carboxylic esters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of synthesis gas by the use of autothermal reforming or catalytic partial oxidation in which, after removal of water, effluent gas from the ATR or CPO is recycled to the feed of the ATR or CPO.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of dintrotoluene which comprises (a) nitrating toluene with a nitrating acid, wherein said nitrating acid is a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, in one or more nitration steps, and separating the nitrating acid from the process stream thus formed, wherein a crude mixture comprising dinitrotoluene and a fraction of said nitrating acid dissolved therein is obtained, said crude mixture further comprising at least 50 ppm of HCN, and (b) washing the crude dinitrotoluene containing mixture in one or more washing steps, wherein, before the first washing step is carried out, the crude mixture is distilled and/or stripped to remove HCN therefrom, wherein a crude dinitrotoluene containing mixture which is essentially free of HCN is obtained.

Abstract: A process for producing methanol, where a hydrocarbon feedstock (1) is reformed and a make-up syngas is reacted in a synthesis loop, obtaining crude methanol which is further treated to obtain high-grade methanol, and where the carbon dioxide dissolved in the crude methanol is recycled to the reforming section in order to adjust the stoichiometric number of the make-up syngas. In a preferred embodiment, a flash gas (9) separated from the crude methanol (8) and light ends (10) coming from distillation are recycled to a compressor (106) and fed to a primary reformer (100); further carbon dioxide can be recycled from the flue gas (11).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising the steps of producing 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene by reacting anhydrous hydrogen fluoride with a specific chlorine-containing compound in a gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst while heating; and producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by reacting 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in a gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst while heating, the step of producing 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene being performed after the step of producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. According to the process, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene can be produced with reduced energy and equipment costs in an economically advantageous manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing ethylene and propylene from syngas, the process comprising the steps of a) contacting syngas (2) with a first catalyst composition to obtain a first product stream (3) comprising ethylene, propylene and aliphatic hydrocarbons having 4 or more carbon atoms, b) splitting the first product stream (3) into a second product stream (5) comprising at least 90% of said aliphatic hydrocarbons having 4 or more carbon atoms and a third product stream (4) comprising ethylene and propylene, 3) separating ethylene and propylene in the third product stream so as to form a first ethylene stream (17) and a first propylene stream (16) and d) converting the second product stream (5) into a fourth product stream (8) comprising ethylene and/or propylene.

Abstract: A hydrogenation catalyst and a method of hydrogenating a hydrocarbon compound as a substrate using the same are provided. The hydrogenation catalyst includes inorganic nanoparticles and a nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide support for supporting the inorganic nanoparticles, and the hydrocarbon compound is derived from a biomass and contains a functional group. Therefore, the hydrogenation catalyst which exhibits a high conversion rate and high selectivity, is stable, and can be easily separated after a hydrogenation reaction, and whose catalytic activities are not significantly altered even when recovered and repeatedly recycled can be provided. The method of hydrogenating a hydrocarbon compound in which hydrogen can be directly produced in a reactor using formic acid as a hydrogen source without supplying additional hydrogen gas and simultaneously be used under normal pressure can also be provided.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an integrated process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons starting from a feed containing at least one fraction of biomass and optionally at least one fraction of another feed, said process comprising at least one pre-treatment step, a gasification step, a step for conditioning synthesis gas, a water scrubbing step, a step for eliminating acid gases, a final purification step, and a catalytic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction step.

Abstract: A method for converting synthesis gas into liquid hydrocarbons by introducing a synthesis gas feed into a Fischer-Tropsch system that includes a catalytic reactor fluidly connected with at least two slurry loops, the reactor comprising at least as many reactor product outlets and slurry return inlets as slurry loops; each slurry loop comprising a separation system comprising at least one separator, an inlet of each separator fluidly connected to a reactor product outlet via a slurry offtake, and an outlet of each separator fluidly connected to a slurry return inlet via a slurry return; separating concentrated catalyst slurry from the reaction product via the slurry loops; removing liquid hydrocarbon product from each separator; and returning concentrated catalyst slurry to the catalytic reactor via the slurry returns and slurry return inlets. A system for converting synthesis gas into liquid hydrocarbons via the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing acetic acid is disclosed in which the recycle ratio of the mass flow of the light liquid phase recycled to the reactor to the mass flow of the aqueous recycle stream recycled to the reactor is less than or equal to 2.

Abstract: Processes for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic acid, or a salt thereof, using solid promoters are disclosed. The solid promoters can be certain solid oxides, mixed oxides, and clays, illustrative examples of which can include alumina, zirconia, magnesia, magnesium aluminate, sepiolite, and similar materials.

Abstract: Catalysts supports and catalysts capable of being used in heterogeneous catalysis. The catalyst support belongs to the porous supports based on silicon carbide (SiC), in particular, based on ?-SiC, modified by a surface deposit of TiO2.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in part, to the discovery that the presence of impurities in a reactor for dehydrochlorinating HCFC-244bb to HFO-1234yf results in a reduced conversion rate and/or a selectivity changeover from HFO-1234yf to HCFO-1233xf. By substantially removing such impurities, it is shown that the conversion rate may be improved and selectivity to HFO-1234yf via dehydrochlorination of HCFC-244bb is also improved.