Abstract: A cooking apparatus employing a purging device.In the apparatus, an exhaust gas which is produced from food being cooked in a cooking chamber is passed through the purging device and is exhausted to the exterior of the chamber at a temperature of 130.degree. C or at a discharge rate of higher than 0.5 m/sec thereby being purged sufficiently.

Abstract: A recycle system for polymerization of monomers to produce polymers of wide-molecular weight distribution comprising two reactors and two conduit lines disposed between said two reactors for forming a cyclic path, and means disposed in said lines for conveying the contents of one of said reactors to the other without affecting the polymerization conditions in each of said reactors which conditions may be different.

Abstract: A steam reactor comprises a pressure shell having inlet and outlet nozzles for each of a process gas and a heating gas, a plurality of metal catalyst tubes packed with a catalyst and located substantially vertically within the pressure shell, one and of each of the catalyst tubes being connected to a pipe and the other end being communicated with the inlet nozzle of the process gas; and a riser pipe located substantially vertically within the pressure shell, one end of the riser pipe being connected to the pipes and the other end being terminated in the outlet nozzle of the process gas. A support member is provided on the pressure shell to support the catalyst tubes and the riser pipe. The plurality of pipes which connect the catalyst tubes and the riser pipe have a diameter which is smaller than that of the catalyst tubes and the riser pipe and a structure capable of taking up the difference in thermal expansion between the catalyst tubes and the riser pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided wherein organic reactant is sulfonated by injecting it into a stream of gas comprising sulfur trioxide, at a venturi, and the resulting reaction mixture is quenched with a stream of cooled, recycled reaction product immediately downstream of the venturi in a conduit in which particles of reaction mixture are agglomerated into a film of the recycle stream and in which additional sulfonation reaction occurs.

Abstract: A single-stage reactor in the form of two concentric tubes and, one acting as a central stack and the other as a wall of reactor, widening out towards the top; a gas diffuser at the bottom of the stack, enabling gas to be injected into the liquid column above the diffuser, while a vesicle remover is located in the upper part of reactor; pipes and for feeding in the reagents, and a pipe for forcing back the gaseous phase at the top of reactor; a connection inclined by over 45.degree. to an extension of the horizontal and establishing direct communication between the bottom of reactor and a decanting chamber; and a vertical degassing tube located between connection and decanting chamber.Application of this arrangement to the reaction between finely divided aluminum, hydrogen and at least one olefin having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, at a temperature of from 100.degree. to 200.degree. and a pressure of 30 to 200 bars, in a perfectly homogeneous medium for the preparation of alkylaluminums.

Abstract: A mixing head for a reaction injection molding machine, which incorporates several beneficial features, comprises a body having a bore, which defines a mixing chamber, and a plurality of nozzle orifices opening into the mixing chamber for conducting reactive polymeric components thereto. A plunger is mounted for reciprocal movement in the mixing chamber to control flow of the reactive components through the nozzle orifices to form a homogeneous polymer mix, e.g. a polyurethane or polyisocyanurate mix, in the chamber, and serves also to eject the resulting mix from the chamber. The plunger is controlled by an actuator piston and is linked thereto by a universal coupling that minimizes plunger binding in the mixing chamber due to misalignment between the plunger and actuator.

Abstract: A compost container including a base section for receiving fertilizer sap, and an upper compost containing section having multiple compartments for receiving decomposable garbage and waste mounted on the base section. A floor divides the upper section from the base section for retaining the decomposable garbage and waste in the upper section but permits the fertilizer sap to gravitate therethrough to the lower section. Access means are provided for adding the decomposable garbage or waste to the compartments, and for removing compost and fertilizer sap from the upper section and base section respectively.

Abstract: The invention comprises methods for converting a supply of solid, naturally occurring coal and like hydrocarbon material to a plastic-like condition solely by the application of heat, and without employing any extraneous additives, and conducting the plastic-like conditioned material to a pressurized receiver.

Abstract: An improved burner for combusting gaseous fuel and oxidant gas is provided in which the fuel and oxidant gas are premixed prior to combustion by the turbulence generated by flowing the gases through a mixing zone containing a centrally disposed flow disrupting bluff body positioned in the oxidant gas stream upstream from the point of fuel injection, and a peripheral flow disrupting bluff body disposed at the periphery of the mixing zone. The burner finds particular utility in combination with other elements of a furnace-type carbon black reactor. This abstract is not to be construed in any way to define or limit the invention set forth below.

Abstract: A catalytic muffler for internal combustion engines of cylindrical flattened construction having an inner casing containing the catalyst. Annular flow patterns are provided for gas entry and exit wherein the gas pressure and thus velocity remain substantially constant. The specific connections of the circular faces of the inner casing to the annular wall thereof are slip designed with the design of the outer half shells providing the holding force to keep the same in yieldable, contact throughout the various temperature changes undergone.

Abstract: A portable compost container including a base section for receiving fertilizer sap and having outlet means to draw off the sap therefrom. A perforate inner section is supported by the base section into which decomposable garbage and waste is placed, the perforate section having access means to permit removal of compost from the lower portion thereof. An imperforate section is placed over the perforate section and is supported by the base section, the imperforate section being removable for ready access to the perforate inner section. A lid covers the container.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing form coke that is coke having pieces of substantially identical form comprises a heated shaft furnace comprises mixing fine coke with a caking coal and pressing the mixture at temperatures at which the mixture is plastic in order to form briquettes. The briquettes are permitted to harden and degasify and thereafter they are exposed to a high temperature after hardening for example to a temperature of from 400.degree. to 900.degree. C. from 60 to 120 minutes. Thereafter the briquettes are cooled. A first mixing substance is prepared by permitting a fine coal to fall in a non-compressed stream in the shaft furnace while heat is transferred thereto substantially by radiation. The apparatus for carrying out the method includes a regeneratively fired shaft furnace which is provided with heating flues and which has a clear height of approximately 35 meters, a width of approximately 1 meter and a length of approximately 5 meters.

Abstract: A catalytic converter comprises a block having a bore receiving a tube coaxially, the tube being suspended in the bore by a fitting threaded into one end of the bore and being spaced from the wall of the bore so that a gas may flow along the exterior of the tube and then through the interior of the tube. For converting nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide, the tube contains copper granules held in place by plugs of copper turnings. Temperature control and regulation are also provided.

Abstract: A furnace chamber of substantially circular cross section having a ceiling and a side wall, a burner positioned adjacent said ceiling and substantially evenly spaced from said side wall, a plurality of ultrasonic atomizer assemblies positioned around said burner in a concentric pattern adjacent said ceiling, each of said ultrasonic atomizer assemblies including: (a) means for converting a feed stream of the waste sulfuric acid into a coarse spray, and (b) means for further atomizing the coarse spray by passing it through a field of ultrasonic sound, and a gas flow constricting means transversing said chamber and spaced from said ceiling in a distance of about 1 to 4 times the length of the diameter of said chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus for the vapor phase polymerization of at least one polymerizable monomer comprising:(a) a horizontal, stirred reactor of substantially circular cross section containing a centrally-located drive shaft extending longitudinally through said reactor to which are attached a plurality of adjacently located paddles, which paddles cause essentially no forward or backward movement of the particulate matter contained in said reactor and extend transversely within and to a short distance from the internal surfaces of said reactor, said reactor being divided into two or more individually polymerization-temperature controllable polymerization sections by one or more barriers constructed to allow free gas mixing within said reactor and control particulate movement between said sections;(b) driving means for said drive shaft;(c) one or more outlets for removal of reactor off-gases situated along the topward part of said reactor;(d) one or more vapor recycle inlets situated along the bottomward portion of said rea

Abstract: Nongaseous carbonaceous material is heated by a method comprising introducing tangentially a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material and carbon monoxide into a reaction zone; simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing oxygen into the reaction zone such that the oxygen enters the reaction zone away from the wall thereof and reacts with the first stream thereby producing a gaseous product and heating the nongaseous carbonaceous material; forming an outer spiralling vortex within the reaction zone to cause substantial separation of gases, including the gaseous product, from the nongaseous carbonaceous material; removing a third stream from the reaction zone containing the gaseous product which is substantially free of the nongaseous carbonaceous material before a major portion of the gaseous product can react with the nongaseous carbonaceous material; and removing a fourth stream containing the nongaseous carbonaceous material from the reaction zone.

Abstract: A monolithic type of catalyst carrier for the exhaust system of a combustion engine is securely held in a tubular metal housing under the variations in temperature of operation by surrounding the monolith with a jacket, which extends between the monolith and the casing, and which has a thermal expansion coefficient that is equal to or greater than the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the monolith and that of the metal of the casing. The tubular casing also has tubular conduits on both ends with gradually decreasing diameters as the distance from the casing increases. Packing rings are provided between the peripheral edges of the monolith and the ends of the connected tubular conduits. Preferably, also, the end peripheral edges of the monolith are further protected by a flanged metal ring of which the flanged portions extend over a portion of the periphery at the ends of the monolith.

Abstract: In a fluidized cracking unit, the cracking catalyst regeneration vessel is specially adapted for high temperature operation to permit essentially complete combustion of coke on the spent catalyst particles and, in addition, the essentially complete combustion of carbon monoxide produced thereby, within the dense phase zone of the regenerator. A partition in the regenerator divides the lower dense phase zone operating at high temperatures from the upper dilute phase zone which may be cooled, for instance, by boiler tubes, water sprays and the like. The partition contains one or more rough separation catalyst knock-out means such as cyclone separators whereby hot catalyst particles are separated from the rising combusted cases and returned to the dense phase regeneration zone. In one embodiment, the regeneration vessel is elongated to facilitate recovery of most of the extra heat produced by complete carbon monoxide combustion by the catalyst particles returning to the dense phase zone.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon-feed distributor for injecting a hydrocarbon feed into contact with a fluidizable catalyst at conversion conditions in the lower end of the riser reactor conduit whereby wall temperatures within the conversion zone are reduced and overcracking of the hydrocarbon feed is minimized.

Abstract: A sulfonation apparatus comprising a plurality of vertical first-stage reaction tubes in which the sulfonatable material and an SO.sub.3 -containing gas are flowed upwardly from the lower ends thereof and a single vertical second-stage reaction tube in which the reaction products from the upper ends of all of the first-stage reaction tubes are combined and are flowed downwardly together with fresh SO.sub.3 -containing gas in order to complete the sulfonation reaction.