Abstract: Intermediates for insecticidal (.beta.-phenyl-.beta.-substituted-vinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylates in which the .beta.-substituent may be halogen, lower alkyl, lower haloalkyl, cyano, carbomethoxy, or carbethoxy are described and exemplified.

Abstract: Benzylidene diacetate may be converted to phenyl acetate and methylene diacetate by an acid-catalyzed reaction in the presence of oxygen or air, and acetic anhydride, at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Abstract: Dehydrohalogenation-rearrangement-hydrogenation of 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyaryl)-2-haloethanes in an aliphatic carboxylic acid solvent containing a carboxylic acid salt in the presence of gaseous hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst is effected in one step to yield 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyaryl)ethanes. The process is particularly directed to the production of 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane from 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-chloroethane.

Abstract: Phosphonium compounds of the formula ##STR1## where y is --CH.sub.2 OH or --CH.sub.2 OOCCH.sub.2 PR.sub.3, n is an integer of 2-4, R is a substituted group, preferably hydrocarbon, such as alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, etc., and X is a negative ion. These compounds are used in inhibiting the corrosion of metals and particularly in preventing corrosion of metals, particularly iron, steel and ferrous alloys.

Abstract: Substituted cyclopropane derivatives are prepared in one step by interreacting an aldehyde, an active methylene compound, a sulfoxonium or sulfonium bromide or iodide, and a strong base in a reaction-inert organic solvent.

Abstract: A new class of thermally labile compounds having rust inhibiting properties is disclosed and claimed. The compounds (or formulations thereof) are especially useful as rust inhibitors when used either alone in distillate hydrocarbon fuels or in multi-purpose additive mixtures for distillate hydrocarbon fuels having a major proportion of hydrocarbon fuel distilling within the gasoline distillation range or other oil compositions to provide rust protection in fuel distribution systems which operate at ambient temperature (e.g., pipelines, tank trucks, and storage tanks). Preferred embodiments of the invention are alkylammonium carboxylate salt-ethoxylated alkyl phenol esters of a dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Compounds possessing pharmaceutical activity as substances able to lower the level of fatty substances in the blood possess the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy or alkyl or alkoxy containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 which can be the same or different are hydrogen or alkyl containing from 1 to 9 carbon atoms such that A.sup.1 and A.sup.

Abstract: Benzoyl phenoxy acetic acid derivatives having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or halogen atom or a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxyl group; and R.sub.2 represents hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group which impart excellent antihyperlipidemic activity are provided.

Abstract: Asymmetric synthesis of optically active 3,7,11-trimethyl-dodecan-1-ol, an intermediate for producing optically active vitamin E, from isovaleraldehyde or prenal including intermediates in this synthesis.

Abstract: Monoethylenically unsaturated derivatives of substituted benzophenones or acetophenones which are prepared by reaction of such a benzophenone or acetophenone with a vinyl benzyl halide, such as the chloride, are polymerizable to form homopolymers or copolymers e.g. with a wide variety of conventional ethylenically unsaturated monomers, especially monoethylenically unsaturated vinyl or vinylidene monomers. The resulting polymers are sensitive to radiation, such as ultraviolet light, e.g. having a wave length of 2,000 to 5,000 angstroms, and readily cross-link or cure upon exposure to such radiation. Adhesives, binders, coatings, and impregnating compositions are made from the polymers.

Abstract: A continuous process is disclosed for direct esterification of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol to form low molecular weight polyester with recovery of excess glycol from reaction off-gases. The terephthalic acid is mixed with an excess of glycol, the mixture is reacted at 280.degree.-315.degree. C. in reaction product circulated from a reactor through an external heater and back to the reactor, and reaction product is withdrawn from the reactor for polymerization to high molecular weight polyester. Vapors formed in the reactor are fed into the bottom of a rectification column where the excess glycol is recovered for direct reuse. The vapor feed is sprayed with condensate at 140.degree.-195.degree. C. in the bottom of the column to remove solids and maintain conditions suitable for obtaining less than 0.05 percent glycol in overhead distillate and 0.3 to 10 percent water in glycol condensate.

Abstract: Esters of 4-substituted 2-methyleneglutaric acids are prepared by reacting an ester of acrylic acid with an ester of an .alpha.-substituted acrylic acid, such as an ester of methacrylic acid, in the presence of a tertiary organic phosphine, an organic phosphorus triamide, an organic phosphonous diamide, or an organic phosphinous amide.

Abstract: Pharmacologically useful alpha (para-alkylphenyl) propionic acids having anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity are prepared from the corresponding 1-haloethyl-para-alkylbenzene by converting same to a diethylacetal via a Grignard reaction, followed by the conversion of said acetal to the corresponding aldehyde by hydrolytic means, converting the said aldehyde to an oxime derivative and hydrolyzing the latter to the desired acid.

Abstract: Norbornadiene and an acrylic acid ester, e.g., methyl acrylate, are catalytically codimerized in the presence of a two-component homogeneous catalytic system consisting of nickel acetylacetonate and an alkyl aluminum chloride. The resulting codimer can be used as a precursor for a missile fuel. The ester portion of the acrylic acid ester is the radical RCH.sub.2 O-- wherein the R is an H or an alkyl containing up to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: 2-Aryl-C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 -alkanoate esters are prepared economically by reacting an enol ether of an aryl alkyl ketone with a trivalent thallium salt in an organic solvent. The trivalent thallium ions can be regenerated by adding a peracid and a reactive form of manganese, ruthenium, cobalt, iridium, hafnium, osmium or neobium to oxidize monovalent thallium ions to the trivalent state, in a sequential, continuous or stoichiometric procedure. A continuous process using a Scheibel column is disclosed. The ester intermediate product is then converted to the corresponding 2-aryl-C.sub.3 - to C.sub.6 -alkanoic acid or salt thereof. The aryl group is selected so the resulting acid product will be a useful compound such as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic drug or agriculturally useful product. Examples of drug acids which can be made by this process include ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen and naproxen and the like.

Abstract: (Cyclo)alkylenediammonium compounds corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is halogen, R is an alkylene or cycloalkylene group containing 2-15 carbon atoms, each R' alone is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl group, and R'---R' together represent an alkylene, cycloalkylene, or aralkylene group are prepared by esterifying a tetrahalophthalic anhydride with a mono- or dihydroxyalkane, -cycloalkane, or -aralkane having a boiling point below 250.degree. C. to form a half-ester and then reacting the half-ester with a stoichiometric amount of a diaminoalkane or diaminocycloalkane containing 2-15 carbon atoms.The (cyclo)alkylenediammonium compounds of the invention are useful as flame retardants for normally flammable organic polymers and also have utility as intermediates for the preparation of N,N'-(cyclo)alkylene-bis-tetrahalophthalimides, which are also useful as flame retardants. The imides are prepared simply by heating the diammonium compounds.

Abstract: Tricyclic aromatic compounds of the formula ##STR1## including those wherein: (A) R.sub.1 is H, R.sub.2 is carbomethoxy, and R.sub.3 is methyl;(b) R.sub.1 is acetyl, R.sub.2 is carbomethoxy, and R.sub.3 is methyl;(c) R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are methyl and R.sub.2 is carbomethoxy;(d) R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are hydrogen; and(e) R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are methyl and R.sub.2 is hydrogenAre intermediates for the total synthesis of steroids.

Abstract: Dihydroethanoanthracene derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## [wherein R represents a hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.1 represents a group ##STR2## (in which A represents a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene optionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyls or by a phenyl; and Y represents an oxygen, sulfur, or imino) or group--COO--A--NH.sub.2(in which A is as defined above)] and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, being useful as antidepressants or their synthetic intermediates.

Abstract: 1,3-Dicarbonyl compounds useful as medicines, agricultural chemicals, perfumes, and their intermediates are prepared by reacting a specific .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compound with a specific organic copper lithium compound in the presence of an aprotic inert organic solvent, and then reacting the reaction product with an organic carboxylic acid halide or anhydride. In particular, novel 2-acyl-3-substituted cyclopentan-1-ones and 2-acyl-3-substituted cyclohexan-1-ones having important physiological activities are provided.

Abstract: Norbornadiene and an acrylic acid ester, e.g. methyl acrylate, are catalytically codimerized in the presence of a three-component homogeneous catalytic system consisting of nickel acetylacetonate, an alkyl aluminum chloride and 1,2-bisdiphenylphosphino ethane. The resulting codimer can be used as a precursor for missile fuel. The ester portion of the acrylic acid ester is the radical RCH.sub.2 O-- wherein the R is an H or an alkyl containing up to 10 carbon atoms.