Abstract: New economically valuable and convenient methods for preparing bromoacetic acid and its esters from chloroacetic acid are disclosed.

Abstract: Production of novel phosphobetaines of general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each stand for organic groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 may be identical with the substituent R, the substituent R being a radical of the general formula II ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each stand for organic groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and/or hydrogen atoms, and R.sup.5 stands for a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may optionally have a halogen or hydroxylic group substituent attached thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing oxalic acid and esters of oxalic acid. More particularly, this invention relates to a catalytic process for preparing oxalic acid and esters of same by the oxidative reaction, in a liquid phase, of carbon monoxide and water or alcohols with oxygen in the presence of redox systems.The catalyst systems used in accordance with this invention comprises a redox catalyst consisting essentially of a salt of Pd (II) and salts of a metal more electropositive than Pd having at least two oxidation states and, optionally, salts of alkaline metals, and co-catalytic amounts of at least one base having the formula R.sub.3 N in which the groups R which may be like or unlike and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl radicals having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Estrogenic steroids are synthesized by combining under conditions favoring the formation of a trans-olefin, a .gamma.-arylpropanal with a 5,5,8,8-tetraalkoxy Wittig reagent. After hydrolysis of the gem-diethers, the resulting dioxo is internally condensed to form a cyclopentenone. The ketone is reduced to an oxy group and the resulting 2-(6'-arylhex-3'-enyl-1)cyclopent-2-en-1-ol or derivative thereof is cyclized to the .DELTA..sup.13,17 -estrene, preferably 17-alkyl-.DELTA..sup.13,17 -estrene with the A ring aromatized. After epoxidation, the 17-alkyl derivative is rearranged to form the 13-alkyl-1,3,5(10)-estratien-17-one. New compounds are provided as intermediates and final products.

Abstract: Phosphonium compounds of the formula ##STR1## where Y is --CH.sub.2 OH or --CH.sub.2 OOCCH.sub.2 PR.sub.3, n is an integer of 2 - 4, R is a substituted group, preferably hydrocarbon, such as alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, etc., and X is a negative ion. These compounds are used in inhibiting the corrosion of metals and particularly in preventing corrosion of metals, particularly iron, steel and ferrous alloys.

Abstract: The invention provides novel esters of 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1'-methyl-2'-phenoxyethylamino)-1-propanol having better properties as vascular dilatators, than the corresponding 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1'-methyl-2-phenoxyethylamino)-1-propanol.

Abstract: Triaryl-methane dyestuffs which are free from sulfonic acid and carboxylic acid groups and are selected from the group consisting of dyestuffs having one of the following four formulae: ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl; R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl; R.sub.2 is alkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 additionally including divalent alkylene when joined together with the nitrogen or with a carbon atom in the o-position in the ring A to form a heterocyclic ring; R.sub.3 is hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, aralkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, carboxylic acid ester radical, carbonamido, sulfonamido, cyano, nitro, alkylsulfonyl, aryalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl or acyl; and X is the radical of an anion; ##STR2## wherein R is alkyl or cycloalkyl; R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl; R.sub.2 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl, halogen or cyano; R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: Microcrystalline 3-(alpha-acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxy coumarin (warfarin), having a crystal size not greater than 4.0 microns, is stable for long periods of time, is advantageous in that it is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and thus provides a highly desirable level of bioavailability not previously possible. It is crystallized from a buffered alkaline solution of warfarin by acidification thereof. Compositions thereof are useful for anticoagulant and rodenticide purposes, and methods of making such compositions and of using the new microcrystalline form of warfarin for such purposes are disclosed.

Abstract: Process for production of dipropyleneglycol dibenzoate isomer mixture of the formulas: ##STR1## A crude methyl benzoate containing at least 80 wt.% methylbenzoate, which is a by-product of production of dimethylterephthalate by catalytic oxidation of p-xylene and/or methyl-p-toluate and esterification of the resulting acids with methanol, is contacted with dipropylene glycol commercial isomer mixture in the presence of a catalyst for a transesterification to produce said benzoate. The catalyst is an aluminum alkoxide or an aluminum silicon alkoxide containing the group Al O Si. The product is obtained in good yield, has good color, and is useful as a plasticizer for PVC.

Abstract: Crude 2-ethylhexyl gallate is purified by crystallizing it from a system containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane and a small proportion of 2-ethylhexanol.

Abstract: This invention relates to carbamates of N-polychloroallyl-substituted amino-phenols, which are useful as insecticides. More particularly, this invention concerns a new class of carbamates of N-polychloroallyl-substituted amino-phenols, methods for their preparation and methods for their use in combatting moxious insects.

Abstract: Indan-5-yl-N-methylcarbamic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## in which R represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.2 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl andR.sup.4 represents hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy,Which possess arthropodicidal and fungicidal properties.

Abstract: A liquid contaminated with a carbonyl compound, especially an aldehyde, is purified by being contacted with a bed of solid polyvinyl alcohol particles or fibers. The carbonyl compound is adsorbed or chemisorbed onto the solid polyvinyl alcohol surface with resulting reaction in the carbonyl content of the liquid.

Abstract: By-product or waste streams from adipic acid plants which contain adipic acid, glutaric acid, succinic acid, nitric acid and catalyst values of copper and vanadium are treated to substantially recover all the components thereof by esterifying the dibasic acids with an alcohol, such as normal butanol, which creates esters that are substantially immiscible in the aqueous solution, allowing the organic esters to form a separate layer from the aqueous phase in which the metal values are retained, recovering the organic layer containing the esterified dibasic acids and thereafter re-using the aqueous solution containing the catalyst values in the adipic acid process.

Abstract: Symmetrical carotenoids are prepared from the half-molecules by dimerizing the phosphonium salts of the half-molecules with peroxides, peroxo compounds or peroxy compounds in an alkaline medium.

Abstract: Prostan-1-ol esters and intermediates for their preparation are described; the former compounds exhibit improved organ specificity and a longer duration of activity at lower dosages than the corresponding non-esterified prostaglandins and are useful, inter alia, in triggering abortion, inducing labor and regulating the menstrual cycle.

Abstract: Disclosed is the stabilization of thermally unstable, fresh dimethyl terephthalate of at least 99.8 weight % purity, free of alkali metal compound material, and produced by the cooxidation-esterification process. Stabilization is effected by incorporating therein a stabilizing quantity of alkali metal acetate material having no significant concentration of either phosphonic acid moiety or phosphite moiety.

Abstract: This invention provides intermediates which are essential for a new chemical method which converts terrein, a fungal metabolite, to an intermediate which is known to be useful for the preparation of prostaglandins of the C series and analogs of other prostaglandins.

Abstract: Pharmaceutically active compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein --OR.sub.1, --OR.sub.2, --OR.sub.3 and --OR.sub.4, which may be the same or different, each represents a free or esterified hydroxyl group and --COOR.sub.5 represents a free or esterified carboxyl group, are provided together with processes for their production and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. Compounds of formula II and III possess valuable cicatrizing and anti-inflammatory properties.

Abstract: Mixtures of glycols, monomers and oligomers are disclosed which mixtures are converted to terephthalate ester polyols. These terephthalate ester polyols are useful in the production of polyurethane foams. When these polyols are employed to produce polyurethane foams, the resulting foams exhibit excellent flame properties.