Abstract: An inexpensive thermopile temperature detector is particularly adapted to monitoring of electrical equipment, such as a power bus bar, within an enclosed area such as a cabinet. The detector may have a plastic housing, a thermopile sensor and a plastic Fresnel lens. Each sensor also includes a calibrated element such that, but for calibration, the same sensor may be used for various applications for different target sizes and distance or, more generally, with respect to effective target percentage of field of view.

Abstract: An apparatus for early warning against condensation induced hydraulic shock in a pipe, conveying a fluid present at least in a first part in the vapor phase and, in the case of condensate formation, in a second part in the form of a condensate, comprising at least two temperature sensors, which are arranged in the pipe and, thus, are fluid contacting, and at least one electronics unit, wherein the first temperature sensor is so arranged that it measures the temperature of the vapor, wherein the second temperature sensor is so arranged that it measures the temperature of the condensate, wherein the at least one electronics unit is so embodied that it ascertains the temperature difference between the temperature of the vapor and the temperature of the condensate, and, upon reaching a predetermined limit value for the temperature difference, generates a report.

Abstract: A method for operating a fluid circuit of a motor vehicle, used for operating via a main circuit, and with a secondary circuit that is connected through a mechanical thermostatic valve to the main circuit, and an electric fluid conveying device for conveying a fluid. In a test mode, during a test period, the fluid conveying device is adjusted to a test operational speed and the actual amperage of the current required for the fluid conveying device is determined, wherein with an actual temperature of the fluid, which is lower than a switching temperature of the thermostatic value, the actual current amperage is stored as the first amperage value, and with an actual temperature, which is higher than the switching temperature, a second amperage value is stored, so that a proper function of the thermostatic valve is recognized when the second amperage is higher than the first amperage value.

Abstract: A method of determining a thermal conductivity and a thermal diffusivity of a material comprises exposing a specimen comprising a substrate of a material and a metallic film over the substrate to an amplitude modulated pump laser beam comprising electromagnetic radiation having a first wavelength and a first modulation frequency to form a pump spot on the metallic film. The specimen is exposed to a probe laser beam comprising electromagnetic radiation having a second wavelength to form a probe spot on the metallic film. A phase shift between the pump laser beam and a reflected probe laser beam is measured while scanning the pump spot relative to the probe spot. A modulation frequency of the pump laser beam is changed to a second modulation frequency and the pump spot is scanned relative to the probe spot while detecting the phase shift. A phase profile of the material is measured and a continuum-based model is fit to the phase profile. Related microscopes and related methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A first heat flux sensor, which outputs a first sensor signal according to a heat flux passing therethrough, a second heat flux sensor, which outputs a second sensor signal according to a heat flux passing therethrough, a thermal buffer body, which has a predetermined heat capacity, and a heat releasing body, which has a predetermined heat capacity, are provided, and the first heat flux sensor, the thermal buffer body, the second heat flux sensor and the heat releasing body are arranged in this order from a sensing subject side. The first sensor signal, which corresponds to the heat flux between the sensing subject and the thermal buffer body, is outputted from the first heat flux sensor, and the second sensor signal, which corresponds to the heat flux between the thermal buffer body and the heat releasing body, is outputted from the second heat flux sensor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for verifying sealing integrity in a portable electronic device. One method includes raising, with an electronic processor, an internal temperature of the portable electronic device. The method includes, when the internal temperature exceeds a threshold, determining whether a vent port of the portable electronic device is closed. The method includes, when the vent port is closed, receiving, from a pressure sensor, a first internal pressure for the portable electronic device. The method includes, after a cool down period has elapsed, receiving, from the pressure sensor, a second internal pressure for the portable electronic device. The method includes determining, based on the first and second internal pressures, a pressure drop rate. The method includes determining a sealing integrity indication based on the pressure drop rate. The method includes providing a test result output based on the sealing integrity indication.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor nanocrystal or quantum dot comprising a core made of a material and at least one shell made of another material. Also there is provided a composite comprising a plurality of such nanocrystals or quantum dots. Moreover, there is provided a method of measuring the temperature of an object or area, comprising using a temperature sensor comprising a semiconductor nanocrystal or quantum dot of the invention.

Abstract: Provided are methods, systems and devices for thermodynamically evaluating electrochemical systems and components thereof, including electrochemical cells such as batteries. The present systems and methods are capable of monitoring selected electrochemical cell conditions, such as temperature, open circuit voltage and/or composition, and carrying out measurements of a number of cell parameters, including open circuit voltage, time and temperature, with accuracies large enough to allow for precise determination of thermodynamic state functions and materials properties relating to the composition, phase, states of charge, health and safety and electrochemical properties of electrodes and electrolytes in an electrochemical cell. Thermodynamic measurement systems of the present invention are highly versatile and provide information for predicting a wide range of performance attributes for virtually any electrochemical system having an electrode pair.

Abstract: Provided is an overheat detection circuit capable of easily adjusting a detection temperature of the overheat detection circuit. The overheat detection circuit includes: a first resistor; a second resistor, which has the same temperature characteristics with the first resistor, and has an adjustable resistance value; and a heat sensitive element connected to one end of the second resistor, in which a first current, which is based on a first voltage, is supplied to the first resistor, a current, which is proportional to the first current, is supplied to the second resistor so that a second voltage is generated at another end of the second resistor, and when the first voltage and the second voltage are compared, a result of the comparison is output as an overheat detection signal.

Abstract: According to one example, a cookware apparatus includes a vessel. The vessel includes a bottom, and a sidewall surrounding the bottom and extending upward from the bottom so as to form a fluid retaining interior region. The sidewall terminates at a rim. The vessel also includes a channel extending through a portion of the bottom and further extending upward into and through a portion of the sidewall. The channel has an opening positioned in an external surface of the sidewall. The cookware apparatus further includes a thermal sensor positioned within the channel. The thermal sensor extends through the portion of the bottom and further extends upward into and through the portion of the sidewall.

Abstract: A calorimeter with a heat sink that includes a diffusion-bonded block that has higher thermal conductivity laterally across the block than through the block. The diffusion-bonded block has multiple metallic layers that are diffusion-bonded together, with relatively higher thermal conductivity layers alternating with relatively lower thermal conductivity layers. The diffusion-bonded block may be used in differential scanning calorimeters, multi-cell differential scanning calorimeters, nano-differential scanning calorimeters and isothermal titration calorimeters, as well as other calorimeters that measure differential heat flow to and/or from a sample with respect to the heat flow to and/or from a reference.

Abstract: A mobile calorimeter includes a container comprising one or more walls defining a cavity. The container is adapted to hold a concrete mixture within the cavity. The mobile calorimeter also includes one or more heat flow sensors adapted to detect a heat flow generated by the concrete mixture. The heat flow sensors may include a thermoelectric device, a Peltier plate, or a macro fiber composite (MFC) sensor. The one or more heat flow sensors may be attached to the one or more walls, or may be embedded within the one or more walls. Data relating to a heat flow is obtained by the heat flow sensors, and is used to generate a prediction of a characteristic or performance of the concrete mixture.

Abstract: An approach to nanoscale thermometry that utilizes coherent manipulation of the electronic spin associated with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond is disclosed. The methods and apparatus allow for detection of temperature variations down to milli-Kelvin resolution, at nanometer length scales. This biologically compatible approach to thermometry offers superior temperature sensitivity and reproducibility with a reduced measurement time. The disclosed apparatus can be used to study heat-generating intracellular processes.

Abstract: A system and a method are provided for calculating the cetane number, pour point, cloud point, aniline point, aromaticity, and/or octane number of a crude oil and its fractions from the density and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of a sample of the crude oil.

Abstract: Visual and electronically readable temperature indicators and methods of making the same have an electric circuit with a microchip and a bridge within the circuit, and a facing material over the electric circuit. The bridge includes either a single layer or multiple layers that include a conductive material, a phase change material having a pre-selected melt temperature, a binder, a first colorant that is soluble in the phase change material and/or a second colorant that is a special effect pigment. In operation, at temperatures below the pre-selected melt temperature, the bridge is electrically conductive, and at a temperature at or above the pre-selected melt temperature, the phase change material melts and dilutes the conductive material, so that the bridge is electrically non-conductive, and a color change occurs that is visible to the user through the facing material such as through a transparent window or in an absorbent material.

Abstract: A hybrid detection apparatus including a detection device and a functional circuit is provided. The detection device is configured to execute a first detection function, so as to obtain first detection information. The functional circuit is suitable to be removably connected to the detection device. When the functional circuit is connected to the detection device, the detection device controls the functional circuit for performing a second detection function, so as to obtain second detection information. One of the first and the second detection functions is an image capturing function, and another one of the first and the second detection functions is a temperature detection function.

Abstract: Provided is a method for calibrating at least one processing element, in a processing station for processing plastic preforms, includes providing: a first measurement preform establishing at least one first measurement value of the measurement preform before processing by the processing station, and a second measurement value of the measurement preform is measured by the measuring element or a further measuring element before or after processing by the processing station, and using at least these two measurement values, a mathematical temperature curve, is recorded by the measuring element, wherein at least one calibration device determines a deviation of the measured temperature curve from a mathematical standard temperature curve, and eliminates this deviation at least partially by adaptation of processing parameters of the processing station.

Abstract: A mobile thermal sensor system, a mobile device case, and a process for fabricating a mobile thermal sensor system are described that include using a heat spreader (e.g., a heat sink). In an implementation, the mobile thermal sensor system includes a substrate configured to support an electrical component; a thermal detector package coupled to the substrate, the thermal detector package including a first thermopile, a second thermopile, and a reference temperature detector; and a heat spreader coupled to the substrate. In another implementation, a mobile device case can include a case configured to house a mobile device, where the mobile device includes a mobile thermal sensor system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of measuring turbulence in a high temperature fluid flow, comprising: applying different levels of cooling at different times to a region of a substrate in the high temperature fluid flow; and/or applying different levels of cooling at the same time to different regions of a substrate in the high temperature fluid flow and/or to regions on different substrates in the high temperature fluid flow, wherein the method further comprises: measuring fluctuations in the temperature of the region or regions of the substrate or substrates at each of the different levels of cooling; and using the measured fluctuations to determining an amount of turbulence in the high temperature fluid flow and/or the size of temperature fluctuations in the high temperature fluid flow.

Abstract: A temperature sensor is disclosed. The temperature sensor includes an analog core having at least first and second circuit nodes and configured to provide a temperature dependent output, a multiplexer coupled to the first and second circuit nodes and configured for at least first and second states in each of which the first circuit node couples to a different circuit element and in each of which the second circuit node couples to a different circuit element, and a controller coupled to the analog core and configured to provide a temperature measurement that is an average of at least first and second readings of the temperature dependent output of the analog core, the first reading taken while the multiplexer is in the first state, and the second reading taken while the multiplexer is in the second state.