Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive material is provided, which has a photosensitive layer formed on an electroconductive substrate and containing a polymeric binder and an organic photoconductor.

Abstract: Electrically photosensitive complex cyanine colorant compounds, each comprising two merocyanine moieties joined by a cyanine moiety, are useful in electrically photosensitive materials for photoelectrophoretic (PEP) imaging processes. These compounds are symmetric or asymmetric and contain the structure: ##STR1## wherein: m and n, which are the same or different, are 0, 1 or 2;t and u, which are the same or different, are 0 or 1;p is 0, 1 or 2;R.sup.1 and R.sup.11, which are the same or different, represent an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group or, when taken together and p is zero, are a one- or two-carbon alkylene bridge;R.sup.2 and R.sup.22, which are the same or different, represent an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group;R.sup.3 and R.sup.33, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen or an alkyl group;R.sup.4 and R.sup.44, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen or an alkyl group;R.sup.4, which when taken together with R.sup.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image-forming member comprises (1) a substrate for electrophotography which has a surface coating of an aluminum oxide containing water chemi-structurally and (2) a photoconductive layer which is laid on said surface coating of the substrate and constituted of an amorphous material containing at least one of hydrogen atom and halogen atom in a matrix of silicon atom, said photoconductive layer containing at least one of oyxgen atom, nitrogen atom, and carbon atom.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition for developing latent electrostatic images by liquid development and a method of transferring the developed image to a carrier sheet over a gap. The gap is formed by dielectric spacing particles disseminated through a dielectric carrier liquid, through which toner particles are also disseminated. The toner particles and the spacing particles bear the same surface charge so as to repel each other while in the developing liquid. Apparatus is provided, for use of the novel developing composition, which includes a metering means adapted to remove excess liquid from the surface of a developed image. In order to induce the spacing particles to migrate toward the photoconductor, the metering means is biased to a potential greater than that of the non-image areas. This enables the spacing particles, which have a higher dielectric constant than the carrier liquid, to migrate toward the photoconductor.

Abstract: This invention is generally directed to an improved positively charged dry electrostatic toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, a low molecular weight waxy material having a molecular weight of from 500 to about 20,000, and from about 0.5 percent to about 10 percent by weight of a charge enhancing additive selected from the group consisting of alkyl pyridinium halides, organic sulfonate compositions and organic sulfate compositions, of the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrocarbon group containing about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, and A is an anion, and ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl group containing from about 12 carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from alkyl groups containing from about 1 carbon atom to about 5 carbon atoms, R.sub.4 is an alkylene group containing from about 1 carbon atom to about 5 carbon atoms, R.sub.

Abstract: Raised Xerographic printing is produced by the use of thermally intumesced electroscopic powders for the development of electrophotographic images. Intumescent electroscopic powders are belended with the powdered pigmented "ink" or "Toner" in the ink reservoir of a Xerographic copying machine. The image is formed and transferred to a paper carrier in the well-known process of Carlson, U.S. Pat. No. 2,297,691. The heat used in thermoadhesively attaching the "Toner" to the paper carrier also causes great intumescence of the intumescent powder, resulting in a raised image. The image is similar in appearance and texture to "engraving" or raised thermographic printing. It can be read by the sightless by tactile recognition. The intumescent powder used is made of vinylidene-chloride-acrylonitrile-isobutane as described by the inventor in his Disclosure Document No. 001078 filed in the U.S. Patent Office on Dec. 22, 1969.

Abstract: A multicolor printed product includes a base and a plurality of color component images printed on the base in superimposition upon one another. An additional image including a pearl luster pigment is superimposed upon the color component images, preferably adjacent to the uppermost color component image. The pigment is applied more heavily at those areas of the composite image consisting of the color component images which correspond to lighter areas of the composite image, and such pigment is applied less heavily at areas corresponding to rich color areas of the composite image. The printing plates which are used for the printing of the color component and pearl luster images are manufactured with the aid of films obtained by photographing the original in the component colors or by copying from at least one of the color component films. The manufacture of the pearl luster film involves photographic reversal procedure relative to the color component films.

Abstract: A liquid developer for electrostatic photography and a method of using it is disclosed. The developer is comprised of toner particles dispersed in a higher electrically insulating carrier fluid and at least one kind of aliphatic alcohol having 10 or more carbon atoms in an amount of 0.1 to 40 parts by weight per one part by weight of the toner particles. Even after repeated use the developer provides images having high quality and the sensitivity of the developer does not substantially change. The developer is preferably used in the production of electrophotographic offset printing plates.

Abstract: An etchable electrophotographic printing plate comprising a coating on a surface of an electroconductive support such as grained, anodized aluminum of effective amounts of photoconductive ZnO and of a sensitizing dye dispersed in an organic resin binder comprised of about 60-90 wt. % of C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkanoate, about 5-30 wt. % of di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl) C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 alkenedionate, about 2-8 wt. % of C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkenoic acid or C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 alkenedioic acid, and about 0.5-5.0 wt. % of a cross-linking agent. The preferred thermally cross-linkable organic resin binder is a random copolymer of 70 wt. % vinyl acetate, 24 wt. % dibutyl maleate; 5 wt. % acrylic acid and 1 wt. % glycidyl methacrylate. The etchable printing plate of the present invention is environmentally safe, has excellent shelf life and high sensitivity to actinic radiation.

Abstract: A new image recording method, such as an electrophotographic method or electrostatic recording method, where a plurality of recording papers, each having visualized images, can be produced from an electrostatic latent image which is formed only once on the electrostatic latent image forming material. A recording material having a high resistance value and dielectric factor is laid on the electrostatic latent image forming material after an electrostatic latent image corresponding to a image to be recorded has been formed on said electrostatic latent image forming material. An electrostatic latent image on the recording material corresponding to the electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image forming material is visualized by supplying developer to the surface of the recording material not facing or opposite to the electrostatic latent image forming material. Thereafter the developer on said recording material is fixed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic process for forming a given number of copies of an original once formed on a photosensitive member including a conductive drum, a photoconductive layer applied on the drum and an insulating layer applied on the photoconductive layer. The photosensitive member is first subjected simultaneously to a uniform exposure and a primary charging in one polarity, and then is subjected simultaneously to an imagewise exposure and a secondary A.C. charging. Next, the photosensitive member is subjected to a secondary uniform exposure with a reduced light intensity to such an extent that the charge image has an electrostatic contrast which is about 60 to 90 percent of the maximum attainable value. During the formation of copies by repeated development and transfer, the photosensitive member is subjected to an additional uniform exposure to restore the deterorated charge image.

Abstract: A toner and development process involving electrostatic development without carrier is disclosed. The toner of the invention is effectively transferred from photoreceptors to plain paper after development. The toner is formed of a combination of an insulating toner and a conductive toner that are triboelectrically active with respect to each other.

Abstract: Abrasive liquid detergent compositions containing an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant and a water-insoluble abrasive are disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner comprising a constituent resin and a colorant, in which the constituent resin has a softening point ranging from room temperature to 170.degree. C. and comprises (a) a copolymer of cinnamic acid and one or more vinyl monomers, (b) a mixture of a copolymer as defined in (a) and a polymer having good compatibility therewith, (c) a mixture of a copolymer as defined in (a) and cinnamic acid, (d) a mixture of a polymer as defined in (b) and cinnamic acid, or (e) a mixture of a mixture as defined in (b) and cinnamic acid, the cinnamic acid content of the constituent resin being from 1 to 25 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the constituent resin in the case of cinnamic acid copolymerized with one or more vinyl monomers and from 0.1 to 25 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the constituent resin in the case of cinnamic acid present in the uncombined state.

Abstract: A phlegmatized organic peroxide composition is disclosed which contains a liquid organic peroxide and a metallic soap of a higher fatty acid in an amount sufficient to phlegmatize the liquid peroxide. Viscosity modifiers may be added to render the composition non-tacky.

Abstract: A process for preparing a developer material for electrostatic images comprising a mixture of (1) a coated carrier and (2) a toner by a rotary drying method.(a) The carrier consists of core beads coated with a coating resin comprising a butadiene homopolymer of a molecular weight of from 10,000 to 100,000, for the butadiene homopolymer is linear 1,2-polybutadiene and/or cyclized as-1,4-polybutadiene or a mixture of at least one these homopolymers and a styrene/butadiene copolymer of a molecular weight of from 10,000 to 100,000, the mixture containing from 7.5 to 100% by weight, based on the weight of the mixture, of butadiene in polymerized form.

Abstract: A photosensitive material for electrophotography is provided which has a very high sensitivity to rays having a wavelength included in the oscillation wavelength region of a laser printer, especially a semiconductor laser printer, and which also has a high charge potential. This photosensitive material comprises a phthalocyanine pigment, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, and an organic resin in which said phthalocyanine pigment and poly-N-vinylcarbazole are dispersed, wherein the weight ratio of phthalocyanine pigment to poly-N-vinylcarbazole is in the range of from 1.2 to 12 and the content of the organic resin is 35% to 70% by weight based on the total amount of the photosensitive material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making a two-dimensional copy from either a two-dimensional or three-dimensional object is provided. In making a two-dimensional copy from a three-dimensional object, the object is submerged in the liquid contained in a container having a transparent bottom portion to which said object is brought into contact by placing a cover member thereon. The object is then exposed through the transparent bottom portion thereby the projected image of the object viewed through the transparent bottom portion is reproduced on a sheet of copy paper.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition for developing latent electrostatic images by liquid development and a method of transferring the developed image to a carrier sheet over a gap. The gap is formed by dielectric spacing particles disseminated through a dielectric carrier liquid, through which toner particles are also disseminated. The toner particles and the spacing particles bear the same surface charge so as to repel each other while in the developing liquid. Apparatus is provided, for use of the novel developing composition, which includes a metering means adapted to remove excess liquid from the surface of a developed image. In order to induce the spacing particles to migrate toward the photoconductor, the metering means is biased to a potential greater than that of the non-image areas. This enables the spacing particles, which have a higher dielectric constant than the carrier liquid, to migrate toward the photoconductor.

Abstract: An article having a primed surface or improved electric charge transfer properties is disclosed. The surface has discrete sites of inorganic materials thereon.