Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolytic cell cathode having a hollow cathode finger with fins extending outwardly therefrom. A synthetic separator surrounds the cathode and rests upon the fin-like extensions.

Abstract: A method to electrolytically produce metallic titanium from compounds thereof. The method includes first inserting a foraminous diaphragm with at least a surface portion consisting essentially of nickel or, preferably, cobalt into an electrolytic cell. The diaphragm has a diaphragm coefficient of greater than zero to about 0.5 when the coefficient of flow is about 0.1 to about 25 in an electrolytic cell. The cell further includes an anode spaced apart by the diaphragm from a cathode and a titanium compound feed means. A feed means is combined with the cathode compartment to supply a titanium compound to a molten salt electrolyte in the cathode compartment. The apparatus is preferably sealed from the atmosphere to avoid contamination of the bath and metal product with certain atmospheric gases. An ionizable titanium compound is subsequently introduced into the electrolyte and an electromotive force impressed between the anode and the cathode to thereby deposit metallic titanium on the cathode.

Abstract: A continuous line for plating on indeterminant lengths of metallic strip material where space is limited by providing a line of modular construction and upwardly sloping through the plating operation. The modular line includes feeding of the metallic strip from an overhead coil, solution tanks disposed on an upwardly inclined path for the cleaning, etching, deoxidizing and rinsing of the strip surfaces, plating tanks for the continuous electrodeposition of metal onto both surfaces of the strip, rinsing tanks and driers and then winding the plated strip onto a second coil.

Abstract: Novel bismuth-rich pyrochlore-type compounds are described having the formula:Bi.sub.2 [M.sub.2-x Bi.sub.x ]O.sub.7-ywherein M is selected from the group consisting of Ru, Ir and mixtures thereof and wherein x is greater than zero and less than or equal to about 1.0 and y is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to about 1.0. Electrochemical devices containing these compounds as electrocatalyst materials for oxygen electrodes are also described.

Abstract: Describes a monopolar diaphragm electrolytic cell with dimensionally stable anodes in which the anodes rest freely in the cell and are spring-pressed toward the diaphragms by spring-loaded transverse arms on the positive current carriers, which in use contact, but are not mechanically connected to, the anodes, the spring-pressed electrical contacts between the transverse arms and the anodes are sufficient to carry current to the anodes without substantial ohmic drop through these contacts and permit the anodes to be removed from the cells for recoating and other purposes without destroying any welds or other permanent mechanical connections between the anodes and other portions of the cell.

Abstract: A method of producing chaff, which method comprises sputtering a coating of a metal on to a plurality of carrier filaments and cutting the coated filaments into small pieces, the metal and the filaments being so chosen that the modulus of elasticity of the metal is not greater than the modulus of elasticity of the filaments.

Abstract: A narrow-band, inverted homo-heterojunction avalanche photodiode, configured in the shape of a mesa situated upon a substrate which is transparent to selected light energy wavelengths. The diode is inverted for operation such that the incoming light energy enters the substrate side, passes through a wavelength selective buffer layer and is absorbed upon entering the succeeding, active region. Avalanche gain is attained by drift from the area of absorption to the high field p-n homo-heterojunction located immediately thereafter. The device exhibits low levels of noise during operation because absorption is occurring in a low field region and because the ionization and breakdown noise associated with lattice mismatches is avoided through the formation of the p-n homo-heterojunction in one continuous growth process. Appropriate passivation of the mesa walls inhibits surface leakage and breakdown effects.

Abstract: A novel polyphase packing for alkali metal mercury amalgam denuders comprised of a sintered mixture of powdered valve metal borides and valve metal carbides, a novel amalgam denuder containing the said polyphase packing and a novel process of decomposing alkali metal mercury amalgam by contacting the amalgam with an aqueous media in the presence of the said polyphase packing.

Abstract: A boron-containing electrical steel sheet is provided with an electrolytically-deposited boron-containing Mg(OH).sub.2 primary coating about 0.05 mil thick and a secondary coating of electrolytically-deposited Mg(OH).sub.2 about 0.15 mil thick. Magnesium formate is employed as the water-soluble magnesium salt in preparing the electrolytes.

Abstract: The operation of an electrolytic machine tool is monitored over equal periods of time, so as to detect the number of short circuits, if any, which occur. Where a given number of short circuits are detected in any one time period, a signal is derived from the last of that number and utilised to switch off the electrode traverse motor through power and electrolyte flow are maintained to enable sludge clearance and observation of the resultant reduction in short circuits.

Abstract: A boron-containing magnesium hydroxide coating is electrolytically applied to a boron-containing electrical steel through the use of an electrolyte at 90.degree. C. which is an aqueous solution of magnesium formate and magnesium metaborate containing magnesia as a solid second phase and having a pH in the range from 8.0 to 9.0.

Abstract: An electric contact post resistant to heating at the contact in electrochemical machining operations. The post tip, of heat-resistant alloy, slides partially in a sleeve of metallic alloy resistant to heat and corrosion, held in the corresponding post of the post guide hole made in a support of insulating material.

Abstract: A relatively thin coat of calcium metaborate is electrolytically-applied from a solution of calcium formate with boric acid directly to the surface of a boron-containing electrical steel and a substantially thicker overcoat of Mg(OH).sub.2 is electrolytically-deposited on the calcium metaborate coating to provide a duplex coating about 0.2 mil thick.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cyclone for use in conjunction with electrolytic cells for separating a gas such as hydrogen from the electrolyte solution so as to significantly increase the efficiency of subsequent cells connected in series in a large bank of electrolytic cells. The subject cyclone is especially useful in a sea water hypochlorite electrolytic cell wherein the flow rate of electrolyte is in the range of 20 to 80 gallons per minute (75 to 300 liters per minute).

Abstract: A method whereby a surface of chromium metal electrodeposited on a zinc substrate from a trivalent chromium electrolyte is treated by contacting the surface with an aqueous solution at a pH of from 5 to 12 and containing a dissolved metal salt of a weak acid which does not form a soluble complex with zinc. Preferred salts are carbonates, phosphates and silicates of an alkali metal, e.g. sodium or potassium. Also disclosed is the product of said process comprising an article having a zinc substrate, a microporous electrodeposited chromium coating from 0.025 to 2.5 microns in thickness on said substrate, and a water-insoluble basic salt of zinc within the micropores.

Abstract: A plated aluminum product, and the method of making such product is disclosed for use in automotive bumpers. A plated outer decorative coating is used and is preferably constituted of chromium (0.000005-0.00005" thick) on nickel (0.0003-0.003" thick). An electroplated pretreatment system is employed between the outer decorative coating and aluminum alloy and consists essentially of at least a brass strike containing, for purposes of increased lateral corrosion resistance, an as-deposited copper content in the range of 60-75% by weight, and the aluminum substrate should preferably be restricted to a zinc content of 4.5-5.5%. The pretreatment system may be expanded to include a copper layer encased in two layers of brass, a first layer most adjacent the aluminum substrate containing said 60-75% copper and a second brass layer most adjacent the decorative coating containing 50-60% copper.

Abstract: An iron-tin alloy is formed electrochemically on a low carbon steel sheet or strip, and the low carbon steel sheet or strip is electro-plated with tin and then drawn and/or ironed to produce a seamless container.

Abstract: A plated aluminum product, and the method of making such product is disclosed for use in automotive bumpers. A plated outer decorative coating is used and is preferably constituted of chromium (0.000005-0.00005" thick) on nickel (0.0003-0.003" thick.) An electroplated pretreatment system is employed between the outer decorative coating and aluminum alloy and consists essentially of at least a brass strike containing, for purposes of increased lateral corrosion resistance, an as-deposited copper content in the range of 60-75% by weight, and the aluminum substrate should preferably be restricted to a zinc content of 4.5-5.5%.The pretreatment system may be expanded to include a copper layer encased in two layers of brass, a first layer most adjacent the aluminum substrate containing said 60-75% copper and a second brass layer most adjacent the decorative coating containing 50-60% copper.

Abstract: Method for recovering metals from cyanide and hexavalent chromium plating baths comprising immersing plated articles in a reclaiming bath containing an aldehyde or an aldehyde percursor, and optionally an oxidizing agent, to precipitate the excess metal in the residual plating bath in the form of free metal or metal hydroxide and to decompose the cyanide and to reduce the hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium. The plating bath and reclaiming bath are regenerated. Apparatus is provided to effect this process.

Abstract: An electrolytic diaphragm cell for the production of halogen, hydrogen and an alkali metal hydroxide solution by electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal halide solution, the cell comprising a plurality of anodes vertically mounted on the base of the cell, a cathode box providing cathodes between adjacent anodes, and a hydraulically permeable diaphragm between adjacent anodes and cathodes comprising one or more sheets of a porous non-melt-processable fluorine-containing polymer joined into the form of an endless-belt by a strip or strips of melt-processable fluorine-containing polymer fused into the sheet or sheets at or near juxtaposed edges of the sheet or sheets, the diaphragms being connected to upper and lower slotted supports of a melt-processable fluorine-containing polymer by means of strips of a melt-processable fluorine-containing polymer bonded to the supports at or near the slots therein and fused to the upper and lower edges of the diaphragm.