Abstract: After pads 2 for mounting parts are formed at desired positions on an insulating board 1 in a circuit forming process using etching resist 3, the etching resist 3 is left on the pads without peeling it off. A first photosolder resist 4 is then formed between the pads 2, exposed to light, and developing using a solvent able to separate the etching resist 3 as a developing liquid, following which the etching resist 3 is peeled off together with the not yet fully hardened first photosolder resist 4. After formation of the first photosolder resist 4, a second photosolder resist is formed on desired areas excluding the interspaces between the pads 2, exposed to light, and developed. Consequently, when a photosolder resist is formed between pads pitched at narrow intervals on a printed wiring board, attachment of the photosolder resist to the pads due to misalignment between the insulating board and a photo-mask can be avoided.

Abstract: An improved coating composition having one or more polymeric binders dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein the improvement comprises an anti-sag and anti-settling effective amount of oxidized ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymer.

Abstract: Resins are prepared by polymerization of compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where R is a divalent linking group. Blends of a compound of the formula (I) as defined above and a bis-maleimide of the formula: ##STR2## where Ar' is an aromatic linking group.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing an integral skin polyurethane foam which comprises expanding a reacting mixture containing substantially no blowing agent in an evacuated mold cavity. Disclosed also herein is an apparatus for producing said an integral skin polyurethane foam which comprises a mold having a cavity and a vent hole, a vacuum chamber communicating with the cavity through the vent hole, a vacuum pump to evacuate the cavity through the vacuum chamber, and a sight glass attached to the vacuum chamber so as to make the vicinity of the vent hole visible from the outside of the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: Polycarbonate compositions having excellent mechanical and thermal properties as well as high impact resistance are prepared by mixing an aromatic polycarbonate resin with a structured multiphase composite impact modifier. The structured multiphase composite impact modifier has a core particle of a rubbery particle having a glass transition temperature below -20.degree. C. and a second glassy polymer having a glass transition temperature above 20.degree. C., where the second polymer is present as discontinuous regions on the surface of the core particle.

Abstract: A moldable and/or extrudable polymer which is useful for the manufacture of surgical devices such as sutures, staples, clips, etc., possesses structural units derived from a cyclic amide monomer containing oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen in the ring.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the solid phase polymerization of polymers wherein cold amorphous polymer is introduced to a crystallizer. Hot heat transfer liquid is employed in the crystallizer for heating the polymer through indirect heat exchange to crystallize the polymer. The crystallized polymer is discharged to a reactor for solid phase polymerization, and then passed from the reactor to a cooler. Cold heat transfer liquid is employed in the cooler to cool the polymer through indirect heat exchange. A forced recirculation closed-loop system for the heat-transfer liquid is provided between the crystallizer and the cooler whereby the heat recovery process is achieved.

Abstract: This invention discloses the phenomenon of penetrating the hair shaft with a hydroxysphere and glycerin carrier system ("HS-GL"), manufactured using materials that are Generally Regarded As Safe ("GRAS"). The penetration of the hair shaft by the HS-GL carrier system provides a means of transporting materials such as hair care agents, moisturizers, coloring agents, therapeutics, hair setting agents, and agents used for hair care cosmetic applications, through the cuticle and the cortex to the medulla region in the center of the hair shaft. The resulting benefits that can be achieved using this HS-GL carrier system alone, are greater hair manageability, greater ease of combing, higher sheen, better hair set, longer-lasting hair curl, and a restoration of softness in dry hair and also in hair which is brittle and damaged by split ends. Penetration of the hair shaft by the HS-GL carrier system is also reversible with water.

Abstract: A foamed isocyanate-based polymer containing a filler material, the filler material being present at a level greater than 30% by weight of the polymer and having a specific gravity of less than about 2.0 with the provisio that the filler material is not melamine. A process for producing the a foamed isocyanate-based polymer is also disclosed. The process comprises the steps of: providing a first mixture comprising water, a catalyst and a substantially inert filler material, the filler material being wetted by the water and the catalyst; providing a second mixture comprising an isocyanate and an active hydrogen-containing compound; mixing the first mixture and the second mixture to provide a reaction mixture; allowing the reaction mixture to expand to produce the foamed isocyanate-based polymer.

Abstract: A polycarbonate resin solution for forming a thermal-sublimating dye-receiving layer film, comprising a random copolycarbonate resin dissolved in an organic solvent, the resin having a structural unit represented by following formula (1) and a structural formula represented by following formula (2) or (3), the molar ratio of the structural unit represented by formula (1) to the structural unit represented by formula (2) or (3) being from 35/65 to 65/35, and having a number average molecular weight of from 5,000 to 50,000. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.12 each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and in formula (1), A represents a straight chain, branched, or cyclic alkylidene group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl-substituted alkylidene group, an arylene group, or a sulfonyl group.

Abstract: Polyol compositions comprising a polyol, an insoluble fluorinated compound and a surfactant composition which is the reaction product of a stoichiometric excess of a polyisocyanate and a polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether of formula R--A--OH, wherein R is C.sub.1-25 alkyl and A is a polypropylenoxy chain, optionally containing up to 25% polyethylenoxy units, having a total length of from 4 to 39 units.

Abstract: A column packing material to be used in gel permeation chromatography (GPC) consists of support particles with a mean particle diameter of 1 to 50.mu. of which the matrix is formed by an inorganic or organic, polymeric and porous hard material with a mean pore diameter of 6 to 50 nm and a pore volume of 0.1 to 3 ml/g, the matrix pores containing chemically bound polymer chains. The column packing material of the invention is characterized in that the polymer chains consist of linear, permeable and not-crosslinked polymers with an upper exclusion limit between 200 and 200,000, the pores of the matrix being entirely filled by the polymer chains. The method of the invention is characterized in that the pores of the support particles are filled by polymer chains chemically bound to the pore surfaces, these polymer chains being permeable to solvents and partly to dissolved substances.

Abstract: New synthesis and analysis procedures for novel crosslinked polyamines and ampholytes. Polyamines are crosslinked with tartaric acid ester, malonic acid ester, or polycarboxylic acid esters of the citric acid cycle. The resulting crosslinked polyamine may further react with other compounds such as an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated or .alpha.-halo unsaturated carboxylic acids to prepare new ampholyte mixtures. The resulting novel ampholytes exhibit greater heterogeneity and complexity than presently prepared ampholytes, and can be used in analytical and preparative isoelectric focusing processes.Novel ampholyte analysis process entails analyzing chemical compounds, usually ampholytes, used in isoelectric focusing processes. The ampholyte is isoelectrically focused on an immobilized pH gradient, and then immersed in a picric acid solution to cause precipitation and visualization of amphoteric species.

Abstract: 1. A method for preparing an aromatic polycarbonate having less content of a low molecular weight oligomer which comprises the steps of:(A) conducting an interfacial polymerization reaction in a reaction system comprising at least one aromatic dihydroxy compound, a carbonate precursor, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal base, water and an organic solvent in the absence of an endcapping agent, and(B) conducting an interfacial polymerization reaction with the addition of an endcapping agent after at least one of the following parameters reaches a predetermined value:(1) a weight-average molecular weight of a prepolymer obtained in step A,(2) a residual amount of the aromatic dihydroxy compound which is contained in the reaction mixture obtained in step A,(3) an amount ratio of a bishaloformate compound to a prepolymer wherein the bishaloformate compound is a bishaloformate derivative of a dihydroxy compound and is contained in the reaction mixture obtained in step A.

Abstract: This invention provides thermally reversible graft copolymer comprising a vinyl polymer graft-polymerized to a polymer of N-substituted acrylamide or methacrylamide derivatives.

Abstract: An ultraviolet radiation curable silica coating composition containing (a) acrylic monomers, (b) functionalized colloidal silica, (c) acrylated urethanes, (d) an ultraviolet radiation absorber, and (e) a photoinitiator. The coating composition once applied to and cured on a thermoplastic substrate provides a coating which exhibits improved flexibility and weathering. The coatings are useful for providing abrasion resistance and weatherability to thermoplastic, for example polycarbonate, substrates.

Abstract: Mixtures of salts of organic carboxylic acids and organic compounds of non-salt character, dissolved in a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanol, can be concentrated or separated with a semipermeable membrane made from a copolyamide or copolyimide-amide which contains (a) a first aromatic diamine radical and (b) a second aromatic diamine radical which carries --SO.sub.3 M groups, where M is H.sup..sym., a monovalent to polyvalent metal cation or an ammonium cation. Provided the first diamine radical contains C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups in the o-positions to the amino groups, the copolymers are radiation-sensitive and can be used for producing protective layers or relief images, development being carded out in an aqueous alkaline medium.

Abstract: A polycarbonate copolymer of a spirobisindan (6,6'-dihydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobisindan) and bisphenol-A in which the mole fraction of the spirobisindan .alpha. ranges between 0.844 and 0.887 is provided. Such a copolymer has a stress-optical coefficient C.sub.m in the melt which is equal to zero or substantially equal to zero, so that the sensitivity of the polymer to orientation birefringence is very small. Such a copolymer can be rendered optically isotropic and is very suitable for use in optical components in which birefringence is undesirable. Examples of such optical components are lenses and substrates for optical information media.

Abstract: Multiple sequential chemical reactions on a polymeric feedstock are carried out in an extruder with multiple reaction zones. Each reaction zone has means for introduction of reagents, for mixing of reagents with polymer and for removal of by/co-products or unreacted reagents.

Abstract: In this disclosure, there are provided materials which completely degrade in the environment far more rapidly than pure synthetic plastics but which possesses the desirable properties of a thermoplastic: strength, impact resistance, stability to aqueous acid or base, and deformation at higher temperatures. There is provided a method for using the degradable plastic materials in preparing strong, moldable solids. There is further provided a method of making and applications for macromolecular, surface active agents that change the wetting behavior of lignin-containing materials. These surface active agents are used to provide a method of making and applications for synthetic polymers coupled to pieces of a vascular plant using macromolecular surface active agents.