Abstract: An article of insulation and a method for making same. Outer sheet-like elements (22,24) of elastic deformable material are secured by adhesive to a base element (20) of rigid deformable material in a particular pattern which defines unbonded areas which are each bounded entirely by adhesive. The combination of the two outer elements (22,24) and the base element (20) is then deformed, following which the base element (20) retains its deformed shape while the outer elements (22,24) spring back to their original shape, leaving voids between the base element (20) and the outer elements (22,24) in which there is a partial vacuum.

Abstract: A protective diffusion barrier for metalized mirror structures is provided by a layer or coating of silicon nitride which is a very dense, transparent, dielectric material that is impervious to water, alkali, and other impurities and corrosive substances that typically attack the metal layers of mirrors and cause degradation of the mirrors' reflectivity. The silicon nitride layer can be deposited on the substrate before metal deposition to stabilize the metal/substrate interface, and it can be deposited over the metal to encapsulate it and protect the metal from corrosion or other degradation. Mirrors coated with silicon nitride according to this invention can also be used as front surface mirrors.

Abstract: Photo resist image layers, particularly those used for high resolution geometries in microelectronic applications, are stabilized against distortion or degradation by the heat generated during subsequent etching, ion implantation processes and the like, by the application of a film of a thermally stabilizing agent prior to post-development bake of the image layer. High temperature resistant film forming polymers, of which gelatin and gelatin hydrolysates are preferred examples, are employed as thermally stabilizing agents.The process serves to achieve thermal stabilization of the photoresist image layer without significantly affecting the ease of subsequent stripping of the layer. It is particularly effective when used to thermally stabilize positive resist images derived from photoresist systems based on novolak resins.

Abstract: A process for producing a micro Fresnel lens comprising the following steps: applying a photoresist coat to a smooth-surfaced substrate such as a glass, plastic or metal plate; exposing the resist cost to actinic radiation such as an electron beam, laser beam or UV rays; developing the exposed coat to form a resist pattern duplicating concentric rings for the desired micro Fresnel lens; forming an electrode element on the resist pattern by depositing a conductive metal such as silver or nickel by sputtering or evaporation; forming a nickel layer on the conductive metal electrode element by depositing metallic nickel or a nickel compound through electroforming wherein the pattern of the concentric rings is transferred onto the nickel layer with the conductive metal being used as an electrode; forming a nickel stamper by peeling the nickel layer from both the electrode and the substrate; and forming a micro Fresnel lens on the nickel stamper by either the photopolymerization or injection method of duplication.

Abstract: A silver halide light-sensitive photographic material for radiographic use comprising a transparent support and a silver halide emulsion layer on both sides thereof such that the blue light transmission density difference between the support and the silver halide layer is .gtoreq.0.35 and .ltoreq.0.60.

Abstract: Surface wave filter with a slab-shaped substrate of monocrystalline piezoelectric material, particularly lithium niobate, having input and output transducers optionally coupled by means of a coupler on one substrate side. A plastic and/or elastic damping layer are applied for suppressing reflected waves. The damping layer covers at least in some regions, this substrate side except for the area which is bounded by the transducers, the coupler, the ends of the conductor runs and the regions between the transducers and the coupler. The end face edge of the damping layer increases at least in sections, gradually from zero to the value of the layer thickness.

Abstract: A developer comprising colored resinous particles and inorganic fine particles having a BET specific surface area of 0.2 to 30 m.sup.2 /g as measured by nitrogen adsorption. The inorganic fine particles have an action of promoting removal of paper powder and other adherents during cleaning of the latent image-bearing member without sticking onto the latent image-bearing member. Accordingly, the developer containing the inorganic fine particles can give good images even after successive copying operation for a long term.

Abstract: Disclosed is a film of fiber-reinforced regenerated cellulose having on one surface thereof a gas-impermeable layer and on the other surface thereof a gas-permeable layer, the gas-permeable layer comprising a plurality of linear discontinuities running parallel to one another, distributed across the surface of the layer. Preferably, both the gas-permeable layer and the gas-impermeable layer comprise a vinylidene group-containing copolymer. Also disclosed is a process for producing the film and a seamed tubular casing, preferably a sausage casing, made from the film.

Abstract: Liquid detergent compositions suitable for laundry use consist essentially of water, Electrolyte, Active Ingredient and preferably a Builder. They comprise a space-filling, floc-like aggregate of surfactant containing spherulites, substantially cocontinuous with an aqueous liquid micellar solution. They are shear thinning, mobile, stable to shear stress, storage under extreme climatic conditions and high pH.

Abstract: The invention discloses a multiple layer packaging film, packages made therefrom and a method of opening the packages. The invention provides inseparable seal strength and in some cases hermetic seals, in combination with peelable ply separation opening for access to the contents of the package, while at the same time providing excellent barriers to transmission of oxygen and moisture. Certain embodiments provide for improved abuse resistance, excellent graphics, and other improvements. The method of opening the package depends on separating opposing ones of the package sidewalls, forcing the opening tear to be propagated partially through the film to a peelable layer interface, with subsequent ply separation along the interface to effect completion of opening of the package.

Abstract: The contacts (4) have a body (4a) intended to pass through an opening in a card (5) and to be brazed on one side (5a) thereof, and a head (4b) of larger width than the body (4a), intended to be positioned on the other side (5b) of the card, this head (4b) being intended to receive a complementary contact.The strip is formed of a band (1) of plastic material resisting the heat released during brazing and having cells (2) opening on one side, these cells being adapted to receive sealingly, by elastic deformation, the heads (4b) of the contacts (4) and being spaced apart according to a given pitch.With this type of strip, a large number of contacts (4) can be positioned in a single operation on a printed circuit card (5), the heads (4b) of the contacts being protected during the brazing and washing operations from contaminants.

Abstract: A layered structure for use in an X-ray membrane (pellicle) mask or a vacuum window is provided in which an intermediate amorphous layer such as silicon dioxide is grown on a silicon substrate which provides a stress relief medium and surface properties which enhance and improve subsequent process layers by breaking the epitaxial nature of these later deposited layers. Upon subsequent deposition of an inorganic overcoat, such as SiC, on the intermediate amorphous layer, the overcoat produces a nearly defect-free layer with a substantially reduced stress of suitable quality for X-ray lithography mask fabrication. Furthermore, additional alternating layers of a silicon carbide film and an intermediate inorganic layer, such as silicon nitride, can be deposited to obtain an even smoother silicon carbide surface and stronger structure.

Abstract: Through a pattern mask, small sections of a semiconductor wafer are exposed successively to light radiated from a mercury-vapor lamp in high-level steps, during each of which the power consumption of the mercury-vapor lamp is at a high level, by continuously lighting the mercury-vapor lamp and repeatedly alternating each of the high-level steps and a low-level step during which the power consumption of the mercury-vapor lamp is at a low level. As the mercury-vapor lamp, there is used a mercury-vapor lamp in which mercury is filled in such a large amount that when lit in the low-level step, the mercury vapor pressure in its envelope is below 96% of the saturated mercury vapor pressure at that time. Use of such a mercury-vapor lamp is effective in avoiding the occurrence of incomplete lighting state when its power consumption is changed from the low-level step to the high-level step.

Abstract: An exposure method for exposing a sensitive layer on a semiconductor wafer to an integrated-circuit pattern of a mask. The exposure is effected by a combination of a primary exposure step for exposing the sensitive layer to the pattern with a beam of high resolution and a secondary exposure step for exposing the sensitive layer with a beam of lower resolution and by an amount which does not have a substantial effect on the sensitization of the sensitive layer. By the combined exposures, the exposure time can be reduced as compared with that required in the exposure only through a high-resolution exposure.

Abstract: A micro-sample of semen is exposed to a beam of light from an inexpensive and small laser device. Light scattered by the sample is detected by a photodetector. The photodetector signal is analyzed in the frequency domain to provide a measure of the amplitude of the signal components having frequencies above about 100 Hz. This measure is representative of the numbers of motile sperm in the sample. A motile/immotile percentage is obtained by dividing the motile measurement by a value representative of the amplitude of the full-frequency photodetector signal. In a preferred embodiment frequency-amplitude analysis is carried out in the time domain using frequency splitting filters and integrating the filtered signals. The light receiving aperture for the photodetector is made annular or part-annular in shape to overcome sample orientation or polarization effects.

Abstract: Imaging systems employing photosensitive microcapsules having improved film speed are disclosed wherein the microcapsules contain a 4-(4'-aminophenyl)-pyridine compound in the internal phase as a color former.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the core bar of steering wheels. The core bar comprises a ring part formed into a hollow pipe-shaped form having a hollow part using at least one metal plate; a coating layer made of a synthetic resin covering the entire surface of the ring part; and a regulating means installed on the ring part to prevent the movement of the coating layer on the ring part in the direction of the periphery of the cross section of the ring part. The ring part has reinforcing fillers packed into its hollow part.

Abstract: A color image forming process which comprises developing a silver halide photographic material using an aromatic primary amine developing agent in the presence of a blocked magenta image forming coupler represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent; X represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a carboxy group or a coupling releasable group; Cp represents a coupling block group capable of forming a colorless or alkali-soluble product by reaction with the oxidation product of a color developing agent; A represents ##STR2## when Cp is bonded and --N.dbd. when Cp is not bonded; B and E each represents ##STR3## when Cp is bonded and --N.dbd. or ##STR4## when Cp is not bonded; D represents --N.dbd.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of calcium or magnesium carboxylate coated aggregates as snow and ice control compositions. Also disclosed is a method for preparing these compositions by mixing lime and wetting agent coated sand and treating the resulting product with a carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A micrographic film member has a micrographic image and borders surrounding the image. A strip of laser recording material is disposed on a border. Laser written indicia related to the micrographic image is recorded on this strip. The information may include indexing information, information for controlling an optical micrographic reader, and information relating to the position or sequencing of image portions within the micrographic image. The indicia may be machine readable, eye readable alphanumerics or laser written speech. The speech can be either digitized human speech or artificial speech such as phoneme speech.