Abstract: Electric reflector lamps having an ellipse-like curved reflector and a hyperbola-like curved IR reflector having a higher efficiency if not only the foci of both reflectors coincide and the high source is arranged on the coinciding foci present within the space enclosed by the reflectors, but the relationship a.sub.h = f .times. c.sup.2 /a.sub.e also applies, where f is a factor dependent on the eccentricity of the ellipse.

Abstract: A quartz crystal thermometer in which a standard frequency is generated by a first oscillator circuit incorporating a quartz crystal element and in which a frequency which varies with temperature is generated by a second circuit incorporating the same quartz crystal element. Two electrode pairs are provided on the single quartz crystal element in order to excite two different modes of vibration of the quartz crystal element, with the metallization being on only one or on both of the major faces of the quartz crystal element. In accordance with preferred embodiments, an AT- or a BT-cut quartz crystal plate is utilized. The ratio of the said two frequencies provides an accurate measure of the temperature.

Abstract: A plurality of transistor energy generators are coupled to a common high Q, orroid tuned circuit. Each energy generator has its own separate power supply and the output signal is derived by a common coil coupled to the tuned circuit.

Abstract: A device for generating a repetitive, highly-linear, frequency ramp. A voltage controlled oscillator responds to a ramp generator to produce the desired frequency modulation, and means are included for modifying the ramp amplitude vs. time shape as a function of the variation of instantaneous values of the frequency ramp from the linearized ideal.

Abstract: A narrow-band tone decoder has a controllable oscillator, connected in a fast-capture phase-locked loop, for generating a signal having a frequency determined by a control signal produced within the loop. A synchronous detector, which responds to an input signal of the tone decoder and to a signal from the controllable oscillator, produces a signal having a magnitude dependent upon the magnitudes of the input signal and of the signal from the controllable oscillator. A window comparator monitors the control signal within the loop for deciding when the generated signal is within a predetermined frequency range.

Abstract: A sawtooth oscillator comprises a differential amplifier and first and second switching transistors driven into opposite conductivity states by the output of the differential amplifier. A charging capacitor is connected between the switching transistors and has one end connected in positive feedback fashion to one input of the differential amplifier.

Abstract: In an induction energy transfer device comprising a static power conversion circuit for producing an alternating magnetic field of ultrasonic frequency of the type wherein the static power conversion circuit includes a parallel resonant circuit which comprises a coil which also couples power across an air gap, an improvement in efficiency and power transfer is obtained by including at least two such parallel resonant circuits in the power conversion circuit, one of which resonant circuits is tuned to the third harmonic of said fundamental frequency.

Abstract: A low noise discriminator circuit having particular utility for use in determining the spectral purity characteristics of an rf signal source and comprising, in addition to standard discriminator components, a down-locked reference signal source including a voltage-controlled signal generator for developing a reference signal and a corresponding train of signal pulses, a stabilizing voltage-controlled oscillator which responds to the discriminator error signal and generates a stabilizing signal having a frequency at least an order of magnitude greater than the frequency of the reference signal, and a sampling phase detector which samples the stabilizing signal at the signal pulse frequency and develops a control signal which is fed through a feed-back loop to stabilize the reference signal generator.

Abstract: A radio frequency oscillator having an improved varactor mounting structure and tuning slug mounting arrangement is disclosed. The varactor mounting structure includes a coaxial transmission line, one end of the center conductor thereof being capacitively coupled to the cavity of the oscillator and the other end being coupled to the varactor. The length of the center conductor is .lambda./2 where .lambda. is the nominal operating wavelength of the oscillator and hence, while disposed outside the cavity, such varactor appears, electrically, within the cavity. A feed wire for coupling a direct current control signal to the varactor is connected between the housing of the oscillator and the center conductor at a point .lambda./4 from the capacitively coupled end of the center conductor. Therefore, while such wire enables direct current to pass between the housing and the varactor, such wire is electrically isolated from the radio frequency energy in the cavity.

Abstract: An improvement in a prior art microwave diode coaxial oscillator circuit comprising an unloaded fundamental frequency cavity for prevention of energy loss in the matching termination at the resonant frequency of the circuit and a second harmonic resonant cavity for controlling second harmonic loading of the diode and for reducing noise in the output signal.

Abstract: In a typical phase-locked loop oscillator circuit including a voltage controlled oscillator and a reference frequency source, from each of which a signal is derived and the phases of these two signals are compared in a phase detector, the output of which is applied through a loop filter to a frequency modulation input of the voltage controlled oscillator, so that the frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator is precisely controlled by the reference frequency; an improvement which comprises a maximum phase error detector which determines a maximum permitted phase error between the two inputs to the phase detector, and a phase error corrector circuit which, in response to the presence of a maximum permitted phase error, will shift the phase of one of the two signals applied to the phase detector relative to the source of that signal, such as to hold the phase error into the phase detector within the permitted maximum.

Abstract: In a phase locking oscillator servosystem, the phase of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is determined by a stored control voltage representative of phase error. Positive and negative constant current sources are switched to an integrator, which provides the control voltage, at times determined by a reference input signal and the fed back VCO output. The current sources are switched simultaneously to or away from the integrator in response to a predetermined condition and are switched individually away from or to the integrator in response to respective input and output signals. The conditions for switching are such that a sufficient time interval for switching circuit operation is established between said individual and simultaneous switchings.

Abstract: A controllable oscillator is maintained at a center frequency f.sub.o by the inventive system. The oscillator signal is directly coupled to one input of a diode detector via a first path, and is alternately coupled, at a clock signal rate, to the second detector input via second or third paths. The second path has a selected transfer characteristic such that when it passes the oscillator signal the diode detector output is at a null. The third path includes a resonator whereby the oscillator signal passed therethrough results in a null at the detector output only when the oscillator is tuned to f.sub.o. The diode detector output is then phase detected with the clock signal thus producing an output correction signal which, when integrated, is fed back to the oscillator for precise control thereof. Since the system correction is dependent solely on an AC signal, errors due to the DC characteristics of the components, e.g. the detector diodes, may be eliminated.

Abstract: A device for generating a signal varying in frequency from 1 to 18 GHz at a onstant output power. The device utilizes a tracking automatic level loop and reacquire loop which provide automatic alignment of a YIG multiplier filter with a YIG voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). Adjustability of output power level control is provided in the tracking automatic level loop with a provision for LED display when the device loses lock.

Abstract: An oscillator for operation in the frequency range from about 2 GHz to at least 18 GHz using a magnetostatic surface wave delay line as a frequency control element in a feedback loop connected around an amplifier. The oscillator is tunable by varying the magnetic field intensity at the magnetostatic surface wave propagating medium and by varying the distance between input and output rf couplers along the propagation surface.

Abstract: A piezo-electric tuning fork oscillation circuit including a piezo-electric tuning fork and amplifier units, such as ordinary audio frequency signal amplifier circuits employing transistors, between which amplifier units, a phase correction circuit comprising resistance and capacitance is inserted. In the phase correction circuit, the oscillation frequency coincides with the center frequency of the tuning fork over a wide frequency range with phase shift angle of the correction circuit being adapted to increase as the frequency increases, for producing stable oscillating frequency with possible maximum oscillation output.

Abstract: A phase locked loop circuit comprises a phase comparator having an operation range with specific limits for phase comparing. A voltage-controlled oscillator produces an output at the output of the phase locked loop. At the same time, the oscillator output is fed to the phase comparator. A detector circuit, supplied with the output of the phase comparator, detects any exceeding of a specific limit of the phase by comparing the operation range of the phase comparator with a phase deviation of the oscillator output signal fed to the phase comparator. The detector produces an output correction voltage. An adder circuit adds this output correction voltage and an output error voltage of the phase comparator and supplies the resulting added voltage, as a control voltage, to the voltage-controlled oscillator. This phase locked loop operates in a state wherein the lock range thereof has been equivalently expanded by the correction voltage.

Abstract: A new and improved apparatus and method for demodulation of quaternary phase shift keyed (QPSK) data, particularly unbalanced QPSK, with phase adjustment of the output of a phase-locked loop local oscillator to reduce sensitivity to amplitude variations internal to the demodulator.

Abstract: The outputs of two like frequency oscillators are combined to form a single reliable clock signal, with one oscillator functioning as a slave under the control of the other to achieve phase coincidence when the master is operative and in a free-running mode when the master is inoperative so that failure of either oscillator produces no effect on the clock signal.

Abstract: An acoustic surface wave oscillator is constructed from a semiconductor-piezoelectric acoustic surface wave amplifier by providing appropriate perturbations at the piezoelectric boundary. The perturbations cause Bragg order reflections that maintain acoustic-wave oscillation under certain conditions of gain and feedback.