Abstract: Bipolar signals used in binary or ternary data transmission, arriving at a receiving station, are periodically sampled under the control of sync pulses extracted from the incoming data train. The samples are rectified and stored on a capacitor whose voltage variations, upon rectification and integration, yield an indication of signal distortion during transmission. The average capacitor charge furnishes a feedback signal for keeping the voltage variations proportional to signal amplitude. A threshold circuit prevents the sampling of zero or near-zero voltages with ternary signaling.

Abstract: Phase locked loop (PLL) circuit comprises, a phase detector including first and second cascade-connected differential pairs of transistors constituting an analog multiplier with each one of the differential pair transistors supplied with two inputs, a low pass filter for converting the detection output into a D.C. control voltage, and an emitter-coupled multivibrator including constant current sources for determining the oscillation frequency with a timing capacitor. The PLL circuit is provided with constant current adjusting means for variably setting or determining the current through a constant current source connected to the second differential pair of transistors and the currents through the current sources determining the oscillation frequency in a correlated manner through a common variable resistor. Thereby, dispersions in the loop gain of the PLL circuit are reduced.

Abstract: The temperature dependence of the oscillator frequency of an integrated RC oscillator comprising an RS flip-flop with two load MISFETs, is compensated by means of an additional MISFET, the drain of which is connected to the gate electrodes of said load MISFETs and the gate electrode of said additional MISFET is connected to the supply voltage.

Abstract: A circuit for microwave oscillators or amplifiers, yielding the maximum microwave power from negative resistance diodes feeding into one and the same waveguide section. Diodes are arranged in pairs symmetrically at the level of one and the same right section of the waveguide but outside the waveguide cavity. In the case where two diodes are used, these are screwed into clamps arranged in chambers opening into the cavity. Cylinders effect impedance matching between waveguides and diodes and are supported mechanically by a shaft which supplies the direct voltage for the circuit.

Abstract: A limited-displacement device is provided with an extended frequency range by critically damping it and compensating its frequency characteristics with a pair of series lead compensation circuits whose break-point frequency matches the natural frequency of the mechanical parts of the system.

Abstract: A high frequency variable oscillator has its frequency grossly set by a bandswitch and an uncalibrated coarse tuning control and finely tuned by an uncalibrated incremental control. The oscillator includes a broad band buffer circuit and a push-pull output circuit to provide an amplified isolated output having attenuated even harmonics. The oscillator includes a user programmable digital counter element connected to count the output of the oscillator. The counter includes timing circuitry and a multiple stage programmable ripple counter timed thereby. Each stage of the counter is connected to a latch decoder which is in turn connected to a digit display element. The latch decoders are connected to be controlled by the timing circuitry.

Abstract: Amplitude modulation of a radio frequency carrier is achieved by generating a rectangular wave pulse train at the carrier frequency, the pulses of which vary in width as a function of the amplitude of the audio input signal. The audio frequency input wave is subjected to an arc sine conversion process prior to the generation of the rectangular wave pulse train. The radio frequency pulse width modulated wave is amplified and then filtered to pass the fundamental radio frequency voltage and its modulation side bands.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled type oscillator includes a differential amplifier constituted by a first and second transistors for establishing a current, as the collector current of the second transistor, proportional to an input control voltage, and an oscillating device for producing an oscillatory signal whose frequency is determined by that current. An element having a p-n junction is connected between the second transistor and the oscillating device and a further transistor is connected between the first transistor and a power source. A portion of the current flowing from the oscillating device is divided as a base current to the abovementioned further transistor whereby an adverse influence by the base current of the second transistor is eliminated. Thus the oscillation frequency is accurately proportional to the input control voltage.

Abstract: An output frequency of a first variable frequency oscillator is frequency-divided and the frequency divided signal is compared in phase with the output frequency of a reference frequency oscillator. The result of the phase comparing is fed back to the first variable frequency oscillator for controlling the output frequency of the first variable frequency oscillator. The output frequency of a second variable frequency oscillator is mixed with the output frequency of a fixed frequency oscillator to produce a difference frequency between both output frequencies. The difference frequency is compared in phase with the output frequency of the first variable frequency oscillator. The result of the phase comparing is used for controlling the output frequency of the second variable frequency oscillator. The output frequency of the fixed frequency oscillator is frequency-modulated by the frequency of a modulating signal.

Abstract: An oscillator having a phase-inverting oscillation inverter formed of insulated gate field effect transistors, a feedback circuit for inverting the phase of an output signal from the phase-inverting oscillation inverter and feeding the phase-inverted output signal back to the input side of the phase-inverting oscillation inverter and an amplifier for amplifying an output signal from the phase-inverting oscillation inverter. Said feedback circuit is formed of a passive circuit and has a larger voltage gain than 1. The signal fed back by the feedback circuit is drawn out from the input side of the oscillation inverter and delivered to the succeeding amplifier.

Abstract: A spark plug having an internal auxiliary spark gap in series with an ignition noise suppressor in a center electrode is disclosed. One side of the series gap is formed by a conductive ball which also supports the suppressor.

Abstract: The generation of controlled, electromagnetic, coherent, microwave radiation from a warm, uniform plasma at approximately twice the electron plasma frequency by means of two oppositely directed streams of high energy electrons and the coupling of the resulting coherent, electromagnetic radiation from a cavity resonator into external circuitry, wherein the two opposing streams of high energy electrons directed into the warm, uniform plasma result in a conversion of electron beam and plasma energies into transverse electromagnetic radiation from 10 to 100 times that which is possible with a single electron beam-plasma system.

Abstract: A two-way electronic kWh meter is disclosed for metering electrial power and energy consumption in a single phase or polyphase electrical system wherein power and energy may be imported to the system or exported from the system to another system. Pairs of analog signals representing current and voltage variables are derived. Each pair of analog signals is multiplied together to derive partial instantaneous power signals. These signals are summed and integrated to thereby provide a signal which is proportional to the total energy being imported or exported with respect to the electrical system. The output of the integrator is converted to a pulse train having each pulse proportional to the energy being imported or exported with respect to the system. The partial instantaneous power signals are also summed and averaged, with the polarity of the resulting signal being detected by a polarity detector.

Abstract: A variable increment phase locked loop circuit designed for use in a digital data communications system wherein a data input signal is synchronized with a local feedback signal by means of comparing the data input signal and the local feedback signal, and providing frequency adjustments to the feedback signal that are proportional to the instantaneous deviation between the data input signal and the feedback signal. In one embodiment, the circuit is not responsive to deviations between the data input signal and the feedback signal that are less than a preset threshold value. The output of the circuit is useful as a stabilized system clock signal.

Abstract: Metering kWh in an electrical system is accomplished by generating pairs of analog signals representing current and voltage variables. A comparator compares an analog signal which is proportional to the voltage in the system with a relatively high frequency triangular waveform. The output of the comparator, which is a pulse-width modulated signal having a pulse duration proportional to the amplitude of the voltage in the system, is multiplied by a signal which is proportional to the current in the system. The output of the multiplier is integrated to thereby provide a signal which is proportional to the energy consumed in the system. The output of the integrator is converted to a pulse train having each pulse proportional to the kilowatt hours consumed in the electrical system. A mechanical accumulation and display means records the total energy consumed and is driven in response to the output of the analog-to-pulse rate converter.

Abstract: A noise generator that is responsive to digital noise quality and noise modulation input signals to provide a controller noise signal to a voltage controlled oscillator. The noise generator adds a center frequency input signal, a weighted random noise signal, and a weighted wobbulated waveform signal to obtain a controlled digital noise signal and converts this noise signal from digital form to analog form to provide a noise generator output signal that controls the voltage controlled oscillator. The center frequency and modulation of the noise generator output signal spectrum are determined by the center frequency and weighted wobbulated waveform signals, respectively, and the range of the output signal spectrum is determined by the weighting of the random noise signal. A ramp input signal, which is converted from digital to analog form, is integrated and added to the noise generator output signal to further define the quality and range of the output signal spectrum.

Abstract: A self-oscillating mixer circuit suitable for a television receiver is provided using characteristically a single or two switching diodes. During VHF receiving, the mixer circuit operates in a self-oscillating mixing mode under an optimum bias condition, while, during UHF receiving, it operates under an optimum bias condition for intermediate frequency amplification, ceasing its local oscillation.

Abstract: A pulse oscillator circuit comprises a first pulse oscillator, which may be in the form of a monostable multivibrator, that is capable of generating a first pulse. A second pulse oscillator, which may be in the form of an astable multivibrator, is operatively connected to the first pulse oscillator and is operated for the period for which the first pulse is present. The second pulse oscillator generates a second pulse of a pulse width that is narrower than the width of the first pulse.

Abstract: Shunt means supply a diode bridge with an alternating current proportional to the AC to be measured. The bridge has at least two electroluminescent diodes which emit two alternating streams of half-wave light pulses which are supplied to two fibre optic systems. These convey the light signals to a safe distance from the high tension line where two light receptors receive the respective streams of half-wave light pulses and apply electrical signals proportional thereto to opposite inputs of a differential amplifier. The output of the amplifier is a readily measurable AC. Balancing means may be provided to compensate for any difference in the overall transmission paths for the two half-wave pulse streams. A resistive load may be provided adjacent the line to sink the current flowing through the diode bridge.

Abstract: Channel gain imbalance in a FSK demodulator for receiving binary data is ameliorated by developing D. C. compensating signals indicative of the imbalance through the energy contained within a predetermined bandwidth of the demodulation channel pair output signals and arithmetically combining them with the channel output signals to counteract the imbalance bias contained therein.