Abstract: A composition suitable for sulfurizing an organophosphite. The reagent comprises a solution of sulfur and a tertiary amine, in a suitable solvent such as carbon disulfide. The tertiary amine is preferably an optionally substituted trialkyl amine, for example triethylamine or diisopropylamine. A method is also provided in which phosphites or phosphonous esters are sulfurized to their corresponding phosphorothioates or phosphonothioates, respectively, using compositions of the present invention. This method has particular application to produce internucleotide phosphorothioate or phosphonothioate bonds in a nucleotide multimer.

Abstract: Nucleic acid probes capable of specifically hybridizing to rRNA of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli and C. laridis and not to rRNA or rRNA genes of Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, E. coli or Salmonella typhimunium are described along with methods utilizing such probes for the detection of Campylobacter in clinical, food and other samples.

Abstract: The present invention relates to Bacillus polymyxa Haitai 1 (KCCM-10001) capable of producing polysaccharides which are viscous and thermally stable, and have the capacities of water holding, film forming and emulsifying, and can reversibly form a gel when heated, and to polysaccharides having the above characteristics which are produced by utilizing the said microorganism.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3'-substituted-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides and 2'-deoxynucleosides is provided that utilizes inexpensive, non-carbohydrate, acyclic, achiral starting materials and that proceeds with high enantiomeric and stereochemical control. The method can be used to prepare the pharmaceutically important compounds 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine and 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine.

Abstract: A topical powder composition containing a cyclic AMP derivative and a water-absorptive powdery material. The topical powder composition is useful for wet dermatoses. Release of drug can be controlled.

Abstract: An efficient process for the deoxygenation of 2'- and or 3'-hydroxyl groups of a nucleoside that includes reacting the hydroxyl group with 3-halopropionitrile or 2-nitroethylhalide and carbon disulfide in base to form a 2'- or 3'-(cyanoethylthio or nitroethylthio)thiocarbonyl, that is reductively eliminated and replaced with hydrogen. The deoxygenation process can be used in a wide variety of nucleoside syntheses that require the elimination of the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl groups, including the preparation of 3'-substituted-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides such as 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine.

Abstract: A viscoelastic solution including a buffered solution, 0.01-10% chondroitin sulfate, 0.01-10% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and 0.01-10% sodium hyaluronate, pH adjusted to 6.0-8.0 at a osmolarity between 200-400 mOsmol/L. The buffered solution can be HEPES buffered minimal essential medium (MEM), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), or buffered balanced salt solution. A cell growth factor or cell growth supplement can also be included in the solution.

Abstract: A modified polynucleotide containing at least one cleavable or abasic site as shown below. ##STR1## DNA.sub.1 is a first segment of DNA; DNA.sub.2 is a second segment of DNA; and R.sub.m is C.sub.1 to C.sub.16 alkylene or an oxytheylene oligomer --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.z -- where z is an interger in the range of 1 to 16 inclusive, and R.sub.n is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## Such polynucleotides are useful in solid phase hybridizations because they permit the release of a label from the solid support after the hybridization reaction.

Abstract: A polymer scale preventive agent for use in polymerization of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, comprising (A) a nitrogen-containing organic compound having at least five continuous conjugated .pi. bonds, (B) an anionic organic compound having at least one group selected from the group consisting of the sulfonic acid group and the carboxyl group and having at least five continuous conjugated .pi. bonds, and (C) a water-soluble basic polysaccharide. The agent is used for forming a coating on the inner wall, etc. of a polymerization vessel. Deposition of polymer scale can be effectively prevented not only in the liquid phase area but also in the vicinity of the interface between the gas and liquid phases. Products formed from polymer obtained have very few fish eyes.

Abstract: A 4"-oxoavermectin intermediate is reductively aminated using hexa- or heptamethyldisilazane and sodium borohydride to produce a 4"-amino (or methylamino)avermectin. The 4"- aminoavermectin is a useful intermediate in the preparation of N-acyl derivatives. The compounds are useful as agricultural and animal health insecticides and parasiticides.

Abstract: A continuous method of bleaching an alkylpolyglycoside, substantially free of alcohol, with peroxy compounds, preferably hydrogen peroxide, which is highly efficient to provide an unexpected high degree of color reduction from a dark brown to a light, white product, from an extinction coefficient color respectively of about 10 to about 15 to about 0.025 to about 0.15. The bleaching is carried out at controlled pH and temperature, under pressure preferably in the presence of Mg or MgO.

Abstract: A versatile polymeric support system for the synthesis of oligonucleotides is provided featuring a universal primer which allows chain elongation, in either the 3' or 5' direction, with any currently available DNA or RNA synthesis method, by a process which utilizes oxidatively cleaved primers to facilitate chain elongation and release. The support system is capable of withstanding mildly basic and acidic reaction conditions, while still permitting a convenient and quantitative release, either before or after removal of protecting groups from reactive groups, of synthesized oligonucleotides from a single polymeric support. Removal of the protecting groups before cleavage of the oligomer from the support permits the use of the immobilized oligomer as an affinity hybridization support for both isolating and detecting complementary polynucleic acids.

Abstract: An improved process for formation of a 5-oxime on avermectin derivatives comprises the treatment of the oxo compound with O-(trimethylsilyl)hydroxylamine in the presence of a Lewis acid.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for modulating the activity of RNA are disclosed. In accordance with preferred embodiments, antisense compositions are prepared comprising targeting and reactive portions. In preferred embodiments, the reactive portions comprise one or two imidazole functionalities conjugated to the targeting oligonucleotide via linkers with and without intervening intercalating moieties and act through phosphorodiester hydrolytic bond cleavage. Therapeutics, diagnostics and research methods are also disclosed. Synthetic nucleosides and nucleoside fragments are also provided which are useful for elaboration of oligonucleotides for such purposes.

Abstract: A glucofuranose derivative substituted at the 3,5,6- or 3,6-positions with a radical that provides an anionic charge at physiological pH values is disclosed, as are pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of making and using the same. The compounds are useful in treating inflammation, and particularly conditions that involve neutrophil influx; they are also useful in inhibiting gastric ulcer formation.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel glycoside which contains as the aglycon a 4-(substituted phenyl)piperazine-1-yl derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid and 11-deoxo-glycyrrhetinic acid or their derivative as well as a composition for the treatment of virus infection, which contains these compounds as a main active component.

Abstract: A particulate aromatic or araliphatic carbamate of a polysaccharide having a mean particle diameter of 1 to 200 .mu.m and a specific surface area of 0.5 to 300 m.sub.2 /g is prepared by first dissolving an aromatic or araliphatic carbamate of a polysaccharlde in an organic solvent, adding a hydrocarbon having 4 to 22 carbon atoms in an amount of 0 to 0.5 time by volume of that of the organic solvent, gradually adding the resultant solution to a sufficiently agitating aqueous surfactant solution, removing the organic solvent while continuing the agitation, isolating solid particles, and washing and drying the solid particles. The particulate aromatic or araliphatic carbamate of a polysaccharide has an excellent capability of resolution and, as such, can be used as a stationary phase of preparative liquid chromatography without being supported on a support.

Abstract: Mixed polysaccharide compositions, well adopted for flocculating/precipitating solid particulates from liquid dispersions thereof and for the shaping of insulating articles therefrom, comprise (i) at least one succinoglycan polysaccharide, the basic recurring structural unit of which comprising glucose, galactose and succinyl moieties, and (ii) at least one natural polysaccharide or derivative thereof.

Abstract: Erythromycins showing an extremely relieved bitterness at administration and an improved absorbability in vivo when orally administered are provided.A compound having a group represented by the following formula:--O--CO--O--[(CH.sub.2).sub.m --O].sub.n --R(wherein R represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, m represents an integer of from 2 to 4, and n represents an integer of from 1 to 7) at the 2'-position of erythromycins or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Heterocyclic antitumor compounds are described, which are useful in the treatment of cancer and tumors in vitro, such as breast cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, CNS cancer and melanoma. Pharmaceutical compositions and method of preparing the compounds are also described.