Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing lithium metal oxides, comprising at least one annealing stage. The inventive method is characterized in that at least one annealing stage consists of a treatment with microwave energy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for passivating pyrophorous solids by using nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen under closely defined conditions to obtain a uniformly passivated solid.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing hazardous gases exhausted from a process chamber 25 includes an effluent plasma reactor 210 and a downstream catalytic reactor 220. The reactor 210 may include a consumable liner that reacts with the energized effluent to remove the hazardous gases. The catalytic reactor 220 may also include catalytic surfaces 227 in a honeycomb, foam, or pellet structure 225 to catalyze reactions that further reduce hazardous gas content.

Abstract: A catalyst, method, and exhaust system for purifying exhaust gas from vehicle engines, including a catalyst having a carrier doped with copper oxide (CuO), and a precious metal as a main catalyst is disclosed. The impregnation of copper oxide into the carrier protects the catalyst from damage due to the toxicity of exhaust gas, and hinders agglomeration of precious metal particles used as the main catalyst. As a result, the heat resistance of the catalyst at high temperatures in addition to the catalytic activity for the oxidation of particulates can be improved.

Abstract: A catalyst for purifying the exhaust gases of diesel engines, which catalyst contains at least one zeolite and, additionally, at least one of the support oxides aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and aluminum silicate and at least one of the noble metals platinum, palladium, rhodium and iridium. In this catalyst the atoms of the noble metals have a mean oxidation number of less than +2.5, on average more than 3 metal ligands and less than 3 oxygen ligands and are present on the zeolites and support oxides in the form of crystallites having a mean particle size of from 1 to 6 nm.

Abstract: A process is described for converting gaseous lower alkanes, e.g. methane, into synthesis gas. In the process, a mixture of the alkanes and oxygen is subjected to partial oxidation in a reaction zone in the presence of a catalyst comprising a mesoporous aluminosilicate solid catalyst having the structure of MCM-41 with a silica-to-alumina ratio of about 5:1 to 1000:1 pore diameters of at least 5 Å and a nickel loading of about 5-20% by weight. This provides a high level of conversion of the alkanes as well as a high selectivity to formation of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,2-dichloroethane by reacting about 2 mols of ethylene, about 4 mols of hydrogen chloride and about 1 mol of oxygen in the presence of a fixed bed of supported catalyst based on copper(II) chloride in only one reaction zone at a pressure of from 2 to 10 bar and at from 220 to 280° C.

Abstract: The invention provides an exhaust gas treatment agent characterized in that it comprises calcium silicate hydrate particles having a mean particle diameter of 0.2 to 4 &mgr;m and a specific surface area of not less than 60 m2/g and calcium hydroxide particles having a mean particle diameter of not more than 4 &mgr;m and the content of calcium hydroxide particles in both particle components is within the range of 20 to 60% by weight; a method of producing the exhaust gas treatment agent; and a process for the treatment of exhaust gases and soot and dust which uses the exhaust gas treatment agent.

Abstract: A catalyst active in ammonia synthesis with improved activity and a process for the recovery of useful components from the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for regenerating with high efficiency a deteriorated catalyst of reduced activity, said catalyst originating from a heteropolyacid catalyst containing heteropolyacid formed of molybdophosphoric acid and/or molybdovanadophosphoric acid, or a salt thereof, to a heteropolyacid catalyst which exhibits approximately equivalent activity level to that of the fresh catalyst. Said method comprises mixing a deteriorated catalyst and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound under the conditions whereunder ammonium ions and nitrate anions are present at such ratio that the amount of total ammonium ions per mol of total nitrate anions does not exceed 1.7 mols, drying the mixture and calcining the same.

Abstract: A catalyst-adsorbent for purification of exhaust gases, including a monolithic carrier and a catalyst-adsorbent layer formed thereon, the catalyst-adsorbent layer including a catalyst for reduction of the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides emitted from internal combustion engines and an adsorbent for reduction of the hydrocarbons emitted during cold start of the engines. The catalyst is composed mainly of catalyst particles each including a heat-resistant inorganic oxide and at least one noble metal selected from Pt, Pd and Rh, loaded thereon, the catalyst containing at least catalyst particles each comprising a heat-resistant inorganic oxide and 2-30% by weight, based on the oxide, of Pd loaded thereon, the adsorbent comprising adsorbent particles composed mainly of zeolite.

Abstract: The present invention provides a purifying agent having an effect of removing or decomposing toxic substances contained in flue gas or incinerated ash. The purifying agent of the present invention contains one or more kinds of salts selected from alkali metal silicates, fluoride ion, hydrogencarbonate ion, and water-soluble alcohols or derivatives thereof.

Abstract: A deactivated sorbent composition is reactivated by contacting the deactivated sorbent with a reducing stream under activation conditions sufficient to reduce the amount of sulfates associated with the sorbent composition.

Abstract: In a process for producing lithium titanate, a mixture of titanium dioxide and at least one lithium compound selected from the group consisting of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, and lithium oxide is presintered at a temperature of between 670° C. or more and less than 800° C. to prepare a compound consisting of TiO2 and Li2TiO3 or a compound consisting of TiO2, Li2TiO3 and Li4Ti5O12. The compound is then sintered at a temperature in the range of 800 to 950° C.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for removing nitrogen oxides of exhaust gas using natural manganese ores. In the method, ammonia is used as a reductant to selectively reduce the nitrogen oxides in the presence of a catalyst prepared from the natural manganese ores. The catalyst allows nitrogen oxides to be completely removed from exhaust gas at a relatively low temperature of 130-250° C. without discharging unreacted ammonia through oxidation reaction. The catalyst is superior in economic terms in addition to preventing the deleterious effects which occur when discharging ammonia.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a catalyst for purification of exhaust gases which catalyst is excellent as a denitrification catalyst which has still more excellent ability to remove nitrogen oxides and of which the ability to oxidize sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide is extremely suppressed and further as a catalyst which is favorable for efficiently removing organohalogen compounds, such as dioxins, from exhaust gases; a production process therefor; and a process for purification of exhaust gases. The catalyst for purification of exhaust gases comprises titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, and vanadium oxide as catalytic components, wherein the titanium oxide and the molybdenum oxide are included in the catalyst in the form of: a binary closely mixed oxide which is beforehand prepared and includes titanium and molybdenum; and/or a trinary closely mixed oxide which is beforehand prepared and includes titanium, silicon, and molybdenum.

Abstract: A method of treating a catalyst support comprises introducing onto and/or into an untreated catalyst support which is partially soluble in an aqueous acid solution and/or a neutral aqueous solution, Si, Zr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ba, Co, Ni and/or La as a modifying component. The modifying component is capable, when present in and/or on the catalyst support, of suppressing the solubility of the catalyst support in the aqueous acid solution and/or the neutral aqueous solution. A protected modified catalyst support which is less soluble or more inert in the aqueous acid solution and/or the neutral aqueous solution, than the untreated catalyst support, is thus formed. A method of forming a catalyst from the modified catalyst support is also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst for the full oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC), particularly hydrocarbons, and of CO to CO2, comprising: a non-stoichiometric crystalline compound conventionally designated by a formula which corresponds to A14Cu24O41 (I), where A is Sr or a solid solution of Sr with alkaline-earth metals, alkaline metals, lanthanides; or a non-stoichiometric crystalline compound conventionally designated by a formula which corresponds to B4Cu5O10 (II), where B is Ca or a solid solution of Ca with alkaline-earth metals, alkaline metals, lanthanides; or mixtures thereof; and in that it is prepared in a form which has a large specific surface area, preferably larger than 25 m2/g; a method for preparing the catalysts; their use in methods for the full oxidation of VOC and of CO to CO2; and the oxidation methods.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising a catalytically active metal on a NiO—MgO coated porous metal alloy support that are active for catalyzing the oxidative conversion of methane to CO and H2 are disclosed. The preferred catalytically active metal is rhodium and the porous metal alloy support is preferably a perforated fecralloy foil. A method of making the catalysts and coated supports, and processes for using the new catalysts for converting light hydrocarbons, such as methane, to synthesis gas, are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of regenerating a coked catalyst by treatment with a hydrogen-containing gas, where the coke is not removed from the catalyst via combustion with an oxygen-containing gas, are disclosed. The hydrogen-containing gas can be hydrogen itself, syngas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide), or, if the catalyst is a dehydrogenation catalyst or if a dehydrogenation catalyst is in-line with the coked catalyst, the reaction product of the catalytic dehydrogenation of a C2-5 alkane, preferably ethane. The method is an improvement over conventional catalyst regeneration methods which first oxidize the coke to form carbon monoxide and an oxidized form of the catalyst, and then reduce the oxidized form of the catalyst so it can be re-used. The present method removes the coke without requiring an oxidation step.