Abstract: A method for the selective catalyst reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) in the presence of a solid catalyst, with the addition of a saturated hydrocarbon as reducing agent. The catalyst used is a promoted, iron-containing zeolite. As a result, it is possible to increase the conversion of (N2O) compared to unpromoted iron-containing zeolite catalysts. The promoted catalyst is active at temperatures below 350° C. Furthermore, it has been found that the iron-containing zeolite catalysts which are promoted with precious metal also give low emissions of CO and residual hydrocarbons. The catalyst is also very active under high process pressures and in the presence of sulphur.

Abstract: NO is removed from a gas stream by reacting NO with an absorbent to form a metal nitrosyl complex. The metal nitrosyl complex is reacted with sulfite and/or bisulfite to produce recoverable reaction products containing nitrogen and/or sulfur and to regenerate the reagent. The recoverable reaction products are then separated from the regenerated reagent.

Abstract: In a desulfurization process for the removal of organosulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon fluid stream such as cracked-gasoline or diesel fuel wherein a bifunctional sorbent system is employed, surface treatment of the bifunctional sorbent during the use of same for desulfurization results in an extension of the useful life of the bifunctional sorbent prior to the regeneration and reactivation of same for further use in the desulfurization of the hydrocarbon fluid stream.

Abstract: Particulate MnO2, having simultaneously a micropore surface area greater than 8.0 m2/g, desirably between about 8.0 and 13 m2/g and BET surface area of between about 20 and 31 m2/g within the context of an MnO2 having a total intraparticle porosity of between about 0.035 cm3/g and 0.06 cm3/g produces enhanced performance when employed as cathode active material in an electrochemical cell, particularly an alkaline cell. The average pore radius of the meso and macro pores within the MnO2 (meso-macro pore radius) is desirably greater than 32 Angstrom.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a catalyst support material involving the steps of: (a) subjecting a used titania-on-silica catalyst to a decoking treatment, (b) washing the decoked catalyst with a washing liquid selected from an aqueous solution of a mineral acid, an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt and combinations thereof, and (c) drying and calcining the washed and decoked catalyst to yield the catalyst support material. The support material thus obtained is suitably used as support material for titania in a heterogeneous catalyst for the epoxidation of olefins into alkylene oxides.

Abstract: A catalyst for the full oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC), particularly hydrocarbons, and of CO to CO2, comprising: a non-stoichiometric crystalline compound conventionally designated by a formula which corresponds to A14Cu24O41 (I), where A is Sr or a solid solution of Sr with alkaline-earth metals, alkaline metals, lanthanides; or a non-stoichiometric crystalline compound conventionally designated by a formula which corresponds to B4Cu5O10 (II), where B is Ca or a solid solution of Ca with alkaline-earth metals, alkaline metals, lanthanides; or mixtures thereof; and in that it is prepared in a form which has a large specific surface area, preferably larger than 25 m2/g; a method for preparing the catalysts; their use in methods for the full oxidation of VOC and of CO to CO2; and the oxidation methods.

Abstract: In order to provide a comparatively simple and cost-effective method for cement clinker production lines where especially raw materials and/or fuel/secondary fuel containing chlorine compounds and a partial gas extraction with an electrostatic dust collector as waste gas dust remover are used, with which the risk of emitting the waste gas pollutants dioxin and/or furan is eliminated, it is proposed in accordance with the invention that the extracted quantity of the partial gas extraction stream, after cooling and electrostatic dust removal, is held lower than the sum of the secondary air drawn through the rotary kiln and the tertiary air drawn past the rotary kiln, and to recirculate the cooled and dedusted partial gas extraction solely into an area of the clinker cooler in which the recuperation air is removed from the clinker cooler, and the dioxins and/or furans of the partial gas extraction are decomposed in the clinker cooler on the hot cement clinker and/or deposited and/or decomposed by the high temper

Abstract: A method for catalytically reducing nitrogen oxide compounds (NOx, defined as nitric oxide, NO, +nitrogen dioxide, NO2) in a gas by a material comprising a base metal consisting essentially of CuO and Mn, and oxides of Mn, on an activated metal hydrous metal oxide support, such as HMO:Si. A promoter, such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide, can be added and has been shown to increase conversion efficiency. This method provides good conversion of NOx to N2, good selectivity, good durability, resistance to SO2 aging and low toxicity compared with methods utilizing vanadia-based catalysts.

Abstract: A composition for controlling NOx emissions during FCC processes comprises (i) an acidic oxide support, (ii) cerium oxide, (iii) a lanthanide oxide other than ceria such as praseodymium oxide, and (iv), optionally, an oxide of a metal from Groups Ib and IIb such as copper, silver and zinc.

Abstract: A process for reducing the nitrogen oxides present in a lean exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine by selective catalytic reduction on a reduction catalyst using ammonia, wherein a fraction of the nitrogen monoxide present in the exhaust gas is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide before the exhaust gas, together with ammonia, is passed over the reduction catalyst. The reduction catalyst contains a zeolite exchanged with transition metals and oxidation of the nitrogen monoxide is performed in such a way that the exhaust gas contains 30 to 70 vol. % of nitrogen dioxide before contact with the reduction catalyst.

Abstract: A method and system for the purification and recycle of impure argon is disclosed. The system and process of the present invention can produce very high purity argon, i.e., about 1 ppb or less of impurities. In one embodiment of the invention, a cryogenic separation apparatus is used to remove the nitrogen, hydrocarbon, and hydrogen impurities from the argon stream. A catalyst bed is then operated at ambient temperature to remove hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon monoxide impurities to provide the purified argon product. Also disclosed is a method to minimize to loss of the purified argon product during regeneration of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: Apparatus, materials, and methods for removing ammonia from fluid using metal hydroxides (e.g. zinc hydroxide) and metal cation loaded media (e.g. zinc loaded ion exchange resins); the metal hydroxides and metal cation loaded media may be regenerated with a weak acid (pKa between 3 and 7). Alternatively, ammonia is removed from fluids by using H2SO4 and ZnSO4 and metal cation loaded media; the metal cation loaded media may be regenerated with H2SO4 and ZnSO4; the ammonia containing H2SO4 and H2SO4 may be concentrated as necessary to form (NH4)2SO4.ZnSO4.6H2O (ammonium zinc sulfate hexahydrate) crystals. These crystals are removed from the mother liquor and heated to temperatures exceeding 200° C. releasing NH3 and H2O vapor upon the decomposition of the crystals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing lithium intercalation compounds by plasma reaction comprising the steps of: forming a feed solution by mixing lithium nitrate or lithium hydroxide or lithium oxide and the required metal nitrate or metal hydroxide or metal oxide and between 10-50% alcohol by weight; mixing the feed solution with O2 gas wherein the O2 gas atomizes the feed solution into fine reactant droplets, inserting the atomized feed solution into a plasma reactor to form an intercalation powder; and if desired, heating the resulting powder to from a very pure single phase product.

Abstract: The invention provides a mass of crystals, particularly diamond crystals, having a size of less than 100 microns and in which mass the majority of the crystals are faceted single crystals. The invention further provides a method of producing such a mass of crystals which utilizes crystal growth under elevated temperature and pressure conditions, the supersaturation driving force necessary for crystal growth being dependent, at least in part, on the difference in surface free energy between low Miller index surfaces and high Miller index surfaces of the crystals. Preferably, the method is carried out under conditions where the Wulff effect dominates.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of materials of the photorefractive crystal. The composition of these crystals is Li1−xNb1+yO3: Fem, Mn, where M can be magnesium, indium, or zinc; when using q to denote the ion valence of M (q=2 when M is Mg or Zn, and q=3 when M is In), the values of x, y, m, and n are in the range of 0.05≦x≦0.13, 0.00≦y≦0.01, 5.0×10−5≦m≦7.5×10−4, and 0.02≦qn≦0.13. This invention greatly improves the photorefractive properties of LiNbO3 crystals: makes it have a high diffraction efficiency (more than 68%), a fast response speed for photorefraction (an order of magnitude faster than iron doped LiNbO3), and a high resistance to optical scattering (the light intensity threshold to photorefractive fan scattering near two orders of magnitude larger than LiNbO3: Fe). This invention is an excellent three-dimensional optical storage material and has a vast potential market.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a system and a process for protecting a gas purification system from damage comprising passing a stream of impure gas through a catalyst bed and measuring the temperature difference before and after the catalyzed bed reaction through a data analyzer to determine the impurity of the gas prior to controlling the feed of impure gas into or out of a reactor for producing a purified gas. In a preferred embodiment, the catalytic beds may be in parallel form, and the plurality of temperature measurements before and after the catalytic beds is considered by a data analyzer for controlling the impure gas for feeding into the purification reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus for thermal conversion of one or more reactants to desired end products includes an insulated reactor chamber having a high temperature heater such as a plasma torch at its inlet end and, optionally, a restrictive convergent-divergent nozzle at its outlet end. In a thermal conversion method, reactants are injected upstream from the reactor chamber and thoroughly mixed with the plasma stream before entering the reactor chamber. The reactor chamber has a reaction zone that is maintained at a substantially uniform temperature. The resulting heated gaseous stream is then rapidly cooled by passage through the nozzle, which “freezes” the desired end product(s) in the heated equilibrium reaction stage, or is discharged through an outlet pipe without the convergent-divergent nozzle. The desired end products are then separated from the gaseous stream.

Abstract: Passivated iron useful as catalytically active component after activation is activated by hydrogen at elevated temperature and elevated pressure in the presence of a nitrile.

Abstract: A phenyl ester is produced by allowing benzene, a carboxylic acid and molecular oxygen to react with each other in the presence of a catalyst comprising (A) palladium, (B) at least one element selected from elements of groups 13, 14, 15, and 16 and the fourth to sixth periods of the periodic table, and (C) at least one element selected from elements of groups 3, 4 and lanthanoid elements of the periodic table. Preferably, element (B) is selected from elements of group 16 and the fourth to sixth periods of the periodic table, and element (C) is contained in a metal oxide form in the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the utilization of a feedstock essentially comprising nitrogen-organic compounds, in which the utilization takes place by gasifying the feedstock under normal pressure or an increased pressure, up to 40 bar, at temperatures at least about 900° C., and preferably between 1100° C., and 1600° C., by partial oxidation using a gasifying medium containing free oxygen, as a flame reaction in an entrained bedgasifier. An apparatus for carrying out the process is described.