Abstract: Three-phase chemical hydrogenation reactions involving the processing of gas-liquid reactant feed streams over “mini-structured” solid catalyst beds formed e.g., of channeled honeycomb monoliths incorporating solid catalysts achieve reaction efficiencies suitable for effective integral reactor operation by utilizing low superficial liquid linear velocities and high feedstream gas:liquid ratios; single-pass conversion efficiencies in excess of 50%, typically 80-100%, are achieved.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for decomposing NH3. A fluid containing NH3 is passed in contact with a tubular membrane that is a homogeneous mixture of a ceramic and a first metal, with the ceramic being selected from one or more of a cerate having the formula of M′Ce1-x M″3-&dgr;, zirconates having the formula M′Zr1-xM″O3-&dgr;, stannates having the formula M′Sn1-xM′O3-&dgr;, where M′ is a group IIA metal, M″ is a dopant metal of one or more of Ca, Y, Yb, In, Nd, Gd or mixtures thereof and &dgr; is a variable depending on the concentration of dopant and is in the range of from 0.001 to 0.5, the first metal is a group VIII or group IB element selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ag, Pd, Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, V, Ni, Au, Cu, Rh, Ru and mixtures thereof. The tubular membrane has a catalytic metal on the side thereof in contact with the fluid containing NH3 which is effective to cause NH3 to decompose to N2 and H2.

Abstract: An improved metal catalytic tube includes an elongated metal member formed at least partially of metal particles and including a catalytic enhancement incorporated into the metal member. The metal member is formed with a cavity and includes an inner surface defined by the cavity and an outer surface opposite the inner surface. The metal member has a porosity at the outer surface that is greater than the porosity at the inner surface. The porosity at the inner surface is sufficiently low that the metal member can carry a quantity of gas through the cavity without the gas leaking through the inner surface of the metal member. The abstract shall not be used for interpreting the scope of the claims.

Abstract: A platinum group metal three-way conversion catalyst composition containing a high temperature catalytic component and a low temperature catalytic component has each catalytic component present as separate distinct particles in the same washcoat layer. The catalyst composition is prepared from a washcoat slurry containing a high temperature catalyst support material, and a low temperature catalyst support material, each support material being of sufficiently large particle size so as to prevent each support material forming a solution or a sol with the liquid medium of the slurry. The platinum group metal or metals can be impregnated into each support material either after formation of the washcoat on a non-porous refractory, metallic or palletized substrate or before forming the washcoat slurry.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing and maintaining a gas mixture in one or more phases, in which the phases are generated in zones of, for example, a stunning tunnel or a stunning shaft. The gas mixture includes carbon dioxide gas and oxygen gas, and the concentration of air is maintained at a level equivalent to a concentration level in air. Carbon dioxide is added based on the measured level of carbon dioxide in each zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the amount of unused ammonia (“ammonia slip”) in instances where ammonia is provided to SNCR and/or SCR processes for reducing NOx pollution in flue gas produced by a fossil fuel burning facility. Such a facility incorporates a rotary regenerative heat exchanger (i.e. an air preheater and/or a gas to gas preheater) for absorbing heat from the gas flow on one side of the heat exchanger, and releasing such absorbed heat to heat the gas flow on the other side of the heat exchanger. The invention herein includes absorbent/desorbent media carried by at least some of the elements of the heat exchanger. The media is active to adsorb at least a portion of the ammonia slip after NOx is treated, and before the gas flow is exhausted to the environment, and to desorb essentially an equilibrium portion of such adsorbed ammonia into gas flow upstream from the providing of ammonia for the SNCR/SCR process.

Abstract: Exhaust gas to be cleaned is introduced into a conversion and mixing duct and the exhaust gas flows through the duct along a predetermined longitudinal direction. A reducing agent, such as aqueous urea solution, is injected into the exhaust gas stream in the conversion and mixing duct. The exhaust gas stream is then deflected into a reaction duct which extends parallel to or coaxially around the conversion and mixing duct. The exhaust gas then flows in the opposite direction through the reaction duct. A reduction catalyst is disposed in the reaction duct, where the reducible components of the exhaust gas are reduced. The exhaust gas cleaned in this manner is then discharged from the reaction duct.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas having excellent heat resistance and a small level of deterioration of the purifying ability of the exhaust gas even if the catalyst is exposed to a high temperature atmosphere for a long time. The catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas comprises a catalytic metal for oxidizing HC and CO and reducing NOx for purification, and a mixed oxide containing Ce, Zr and Sr.

Abstract: A process of forming a high-definition pattern by etching is provided. A photosensitive resin layer is formed on a metal substrate material having a center line-average surface roughness Ra of up to 0.10 &mgr;m and a maximum surface roughness Rmax of up to 1.0 &mgr;m to form a resist pattern. Then, the photosensitive resin layer provided on the metal substrate material is exposed to light to form a resist pattern. Finally, etching is carried out to form a pattern on the metal substrate material.

Abstract: An alkaline storage battery, a positive electrode material for the alkaline storage battery, and a method of preparation for the positive electrode material are disclosed. The positive electrode material is made up of nickel hydroxide particles that have cobalt oxyhydroxide on their surface. The particles may be prepared by a process in which &agr;-cobalt hydroxide adhered to the surface of the nickel hydroxide particles is oxidized to cobalt oxyhydroxide. The battery has a superior rate of utilization of active material, cycle life, and discharge characteristics.

Abstract: A purifier process, includes supplying a first stream of a feed gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen in a MOL ratio of about 2/1, and also containing methane, and argon, then cryogenically separating the feed gas into the following: a) a second stream of a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen in a MOL ratio of about 3/1, b) waste gas containing principally nitrogen, and also containing substantially all of the methane supplied in the first stream, and splitting the waste gas into: c) a third stream of nitrogen rich gas d) a fourth stream of methane rich gas useful as a fuel, or as a feed to a subsequent process.

Abstract: The invention relates to materials for removing the nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 present in exhaust gases, particularly from internal combustion engines of automotive vehicles running in a medium containing a superstoichiometric proportion of oxidizing agents, said materials being capable of absorbing the nitrogen oxides and of desorbing the nitrogen oxides when the temperature is raised, relative to the absorption temperature, or when the gas composition is changed to a rich mixture, said materials being mixed oxides in which the metals A and B are all octahedrally coordinated and are arranged to form the ilmenite structure ABO3. These materials absorb the nitrogen oxides and do not become poisoned in contact with the sulfur oxides and carbon oxides containing in the gases. In the presence of a group VIII metal, the material is capable of eliminating the adsorbed nitrogen oxides by reduction when the gas composition is changed to a rich mixture.

Abstract: Reactors and processes are disclosed that can utilize high heat fluxes to obtain fast, steady-state reaction rates. Porous catalysts used in conjunction with microchannel reactors to obtain high rates of heat transfer are also disclosed. Reactors and processes that utilize short contact times, high heat flux and low pressure drop are described. Improved methods of steam reforming are also provided.

Abstract: A process for producing structured or patterned protective and insulating layers includes applying a solution of a photosensitive polyhydroxyamide or polyhydroxyimide to a substrate and drying. The layer is patterned or structured by irradiation with UV light or X-rays through the use of a mask or by guidance of a UV or electron beam and by subsequent aqueous-alkali development. The patterned or structured layer is irradiated over the whole area with UV light and then tempered or heat-treated.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a catalyst, in particular a plate-type or honeycomb catalyst, which has been at least partially deactivated by catalyst poisons, is described. The catalyst is treated with a gaseous reducing agent and with a polyfunctional complex-forming agent, so that the catalyst poisons are removed.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a catalyst is described which comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, and chromium distributed over a catalyst support comprising a material containing at least one of silicon, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, aluminum, and activated carbon. The catalyst is used to remove phosgene from a contaminated gas stream and/or reduce or eliminate phosgene from an effluent of a previously treated gas stream. At least one metal in the catalyst of the present invention is preferably present in an amount from about 0.001 wt % to about 15 wt %. When more than one metal is present, the combined metals preferably do not exceed 20 wt %. Catalysts in accordance with the present invention may be used as photocatalysts. Processes for using the catalysts and photocatalysts of the present invention are also described.

Abstract: A method for controlling the crystallite size and growth rate of plasma-deposited diamond films. A plasma is established at a pressure in excess of about 55 Torr with controlled concentrations of hydrogen up to about 98% by volume, of unsubstituted hydrocarbons up to about 3% by volume and an inert gas of one or more of the noble gases and nitrogen up to about 98% by volume. The volume ratio of inert gas to hydrogen is preferably maintained at greater than about 4, to deposit a diamond film on a suitable substrate. The diamond film is deposited with a predetermined crystallite size and at a predetermined growth rate.

Abstract: A reforming catalyst containing a Group VIII metal, or a Group VII B metal, or tin, or germanium, or copper, or selenium or combinations of any two or more metals or oxides thereof is activated by: a) continuously flowing a reducing gas over the catalyst for contact with the catalyst; (b) during step a), flowing a halogen-containing compound over the catalyst for contact with the catalyst for a first time period, wherein the first time period is greater than about 1 minute, and wherein the first time period is less than about 60 minutes; and (c) following step b), and during step a), substantially discontinuing the flow of the halogen-containing compound over the catalyst for a second time period, wherein the second time period is greater than about 1 minute.

Abstract: Catalysts for exothermic reactions conducted in a fixed bed, comprising an inert diluent constituted by metal granules in which the metal has a thermal conductivity of more than 0.5 W/cm/K, particularly catalysts for the oxychlorination of ethylene to 1,2-dichloroethane.

Abstract: A method of treating a hollandite compound to improve its adsorption of nitrogen monoxide, which comprises subjecting a hollandite compound having a hollandite-type crystal structure and represented by a chemical formula AxMyN8-yO16, wherein A is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal K, Na, Rb or Ca, M is a bivalent or trivalent metal element Fe, Ga, Zn, In, Cr, Co, Mg, Al or Ni, N is a tetravalent metal element Sn or Ti, 0<x≦2 and 0<y≦2, to a heat treatment in a stream of an oxygen-nitrogen mixture having oxygen gas and nitrogen gas mixed in a volume ratio of 3:97 to 50:50, at a temperature of from 50 to 1,500° C. for from 5 minutes to 1 hour.