Abstract: A mixture stability criterion asserts that a mixture of at least two redox elements in a crystal lattice will be unstable during charge and discharge cycles unless a set of charged ground state configurations at a specified value of a mixing ratio for the redox elements and a set of discharged ground state configurations at the same value of mixing ratio both consist of the same derivative superstructures. All members of the charged ground state set and all members of the discharged ground state set are within a same energy threshold value of the lowest-energy member of each set. The value for the energy threshold may represent a value of thermal energy calculated with Boltzmann's constant. Examples of alternative embodiments include a method for implementing the mixture stability criterion, computer hardware adapted to perform a method embodiment, and computer-readable media including a method embodiment.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a rectangular electrode group, a nonaqueous electrolyte, a band-shaped positive electrode collector lead, a band-shaped negative electrode collector lead, a flat plate-shaped positive terminal, a flat plate-shaped negative terminal and an outer body.

Abstract: Method of making solid-state electrolyte with composition formula Li7-xLa3Zr2-xBixO12. The method includes making a polymerized complex of the metal-ions of the composition formula, and making an agglomerate therefrom to be calcined and sintered to produce the solid-state electrolyte. A solid-state electrolyte with the composition formula Li7-xLa3Zr2-xBixO12 with superior ionic conductivity by choice of the value of x and processing conditions. A battery employing a solid-state electrolyte of superior ionic conductivity with the composition formula Li7-xLa3Zr2-xBixO12.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a traction battery, comprising a plurality of battery cells which are wired to one another and which each have positive and negative electrode plates arranged alternately with one another in a cell housing, and having a plurality of battery troughs, which each accommodate a plurality of battery cells in series, each battery trough is designed to be electrolyte-resistant and electrolyte-tight, and having a battery box accommodating the battery troughs, wherein adjacent battery troughs are arranged at a distance from one another, leaving a gap space, and wherein, underneath the battery troughs, a volume space is provided, which is in fluidic connection with the gap spaces and is used as a distribution gap space for all the gap spaces, and having a forcible flow system for a cooling medium, which has a means for generating a forcible flow, which is connected to the distributor gap space, for which purpose the distributor gap space has at the inlet end thereof a connection for a cooling

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a composite electrode for a metal-air electrochemical cell with a liquid electrolyte of basic pH. A liquid solution comprising a fluoropolymer suspended in a solvent is synthesized, then deposited on the outer surface of a porous structure forming an air electrode. The fluoropolymer comprises SO2N groups suitable for conducting hydroxyl ions and is capable of forming a membrane impermeable to at least the liquid electrolyte of basic pH. When the liquid solution is applied to the porous structure, the solvent flows through the porous structure and the fluoropolymer is deposited by aggregating into a layer on the outer surface of the porous structure.

Abstract: Provided are a lithium secondary battery, which includes an electrode assembly, a battery case accommodating the electrode assembly, a surface layer comprising an engineering plastic located on the outer side of the battery case, and lead terminals connected with the electrode assembly and drawn out of the battery case, and a method of fabricating the same.

Abstract: A preparation method of a lithium-ion battery electrode sheet includes: adding a powdered thermal decomposition additive, an active material, a binder, and a conductive agent into a solvent according to a predetermined ratio and a specific order, performing continuous stirring until the solvent is uniformly mixed, obtaining an electrode slurry, coating the prepared and obtained electrode slurry onto a current collector to obtain a lithium-ion battery wet electrode sheet, and heating and drying the lithium-ion battery wet electrode sheet. The lithium-ion battery electrode sheet with the vertical vent structures is accordingly prepared and obtained. The product includes a current collector, an electrode coating layer, and a plurality of vertical vent structures which are uniformly distributed.

Abstract: A terminal plate for fuel cell includes a core plate that includes a first opening portion at a position corresponding to a manifold, a cover plate that includes a second opening portion at a position corresponding to the manifold, and is arranged at least on a surface on a side of a unit fuel cell of the core plate, and a resin sheet that is interposed between the core plate and the cover plate, includes a third opening portion at a position corresponding to the manifold, and is arranged at a position facing a manifold forming area. The core plate includes a first metal plate that is arranged at a position facing a power generating area, and a second metal plate that is joined to the first metal plate, includes the first opening portion, and is arranged at a position facing the manifold forming area. Each of the cover plate and the second metal plate is made of a metal material higher in corrosion resistance than the first metal plate.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the separator contains polyphenylenesulfide fibers, aramid fibers, and cellulose fibers at ratios of 50 to 85 mass %, 10 to 30 mass %, and 5 to 35 mass %, respectively. This makes it possible to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte battery with characteristics that are less likely to deteriorate under a high-temperature environment and in which few defects occur during assembly.

Abstract: A fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack, an evaporator for evaporating a mixture of methanol and water to be forwarded through a catalytic reformer for producing portions of free hydrogen. The fuel cell stack being composed of a number of proton exchange membrane fuel cells each featuring electrodes in form of an anode and a cathode for delivering an electric current. The system provides an enhanced system for evaporating the liquid fuel using a pre-evaporator, which partly evaporates the fuel, followed by a nozzle, which atomizes the fuel into a fine mist, before being passed to the final evaporation zone. This configuration ensures minimal fuel accumulation in the system and fast load transition's.

Abstract: Modular sealed battery packs configured to provide enhanced performance and safety features, along with associated apparatus, systems, and methods for monitoring and controlling operation and use of such battery packs and associated coupled devices and systems are disclosed.

Abstract: A battery module includes a housing that defines an inner volume and includes an airflow path from an aperture formed in a first end member of the housing, through the inner volume, to an aperture formed in a second end member of the housing; power cells mounted in the inner volume of the housing, where each of the power cells includes a vent member; and a barrier that at least partially interrupts a fluid pathway that extends between the vent members and at least one of the aperture formed in the first end member or the aperture formed in the second end member of the housing. The power cells are directionally mounted in the volume such that the vent members face an offset direction relative to at least one of the aperture formed in the first end member or the aperture formed in the second end member of the housing.

Abstract: A monolithic ceramic electrochemical cell housing is provided. The housing includes two or more electrochemical sub cell housings. Each of the electrochemical sub cell housing includes an anode receptive space, a cathode receptive space, a separator between the anode receptive space and the cathode receptive space, and integrated electron conductive circuits. A first integrated electron conductive circuit is configured as an anode current collector within the anode receptive space. A second integrated electron conductive circuit is disposed as a cathode current collector within the cathode receptive space.

Abstract: The use of ion-conducting materials to protect electrodes is generally described. The ion-conducting material may be in the form of a layer that is adjacent to a polymeric layer, such as a porous separator, to form a composite. At least a portion of the pores of the polymer layer may be filled or unfilled with the ion-conducting material. In some embodiments, the ion-conducting layer is sufficiently bonded to the polymer layer to prevent delamination of the layers during cycling of an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A modular flow battery includes a battery stack container housing a plurality of redox flow battery stacks in fluid communication with at least one pair of electrolyte containers including an anolyte container for holding an anolyte and a catholyte container for holding a catholyte. Additional pairs of electrolyte containers can be connected to the battery stack container to increase an amount of energy that can be stored by the modular flow battery system. Respective housings enclosing each of the battery stack container and the electrolyte containers are configured for operation in a stacked configuration. In this manner, the energy storage capacity of the modular flow battery system can be further increased with substantially no increase in a lateral area occupied by the system.

Abstract: A battery comprises a first electrode assembly including a first electrode, and a second electrode assembly disposed adjacent the first electrode assembly along a first direction. The first electrode comprises a first segment that is disposed on an outer portion of the second electrode assembly. The first electrode may further comprise a second segment electrically connected to the first segment. The second segment is disposed on an outer portion of the first electrode assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalyst composite for a fuel cell and a method of manufacturing the same. The catalyst composite includes a support containing carbon (C), a metal catalyst supported on the support, and an ionomer binder coated on the surface of the support and on the surface of the metal catalyst. The ionomer binder coated on the surface of the metal catalyst is formed so as to be thinner than the ionomer binder coated on the surface of the support.

Abstract: An illustrative fuel cell component includes a body that has a plurality of first pores. The first pores have a first pore size. A fluorinated carbon coating is on at least some of the body. The coating establishes a plurality of second pores in a coated portion of the body. The second pores have a second pore size that is smaller than the first pore size.

Abstract: An process for producing multiple porous graphene particulates for a lithium battery anode, the process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple anode material particles, multiple sheets of a starting graphene material, and a blowing agent dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein the blowing agent-to-graphene material weight ratio is from 0.01/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (b) dispensing, forming and drying the graphene dispersion into multiple droplets containing therein graphene sheets, particles of the anode active material, and the blowing agent; and (c) heat treating the droplets at a heat treatment temperature selected from 80° C. to 3,200° C. at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from the non-carbon elements or to activate the blowing agent for producing the multiple porous graphene particulates.

Abstract: A positive electrode composition is described, containing granules of at least one electroactive metal, at least one alkali metal halide and carbon black. An energy storage device and an uninterruptable power supply device are also described. Related methods for the preparation of a positive electrode and an energy storage device are also disclosed.