Abstract: A process for preparing benzotrifluoride or derivatives thereof by contacting benzotrichloride or the corresponding derivative with hydrogen fluoride in a gaseous phase in the absence of any catalyst, the contact being carried out in the presence of chlorine at an elevated temperature so as to accelerate the reaction rate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing CF.sub.4 and/or C.sub.2 F.sub.6 characterized by employing a mixed gas of tetrafluoroethylene and carbon dioxide at a mol ratio of less than 4:1 and heating it to a temperature exceeding 900.degree. C.

Abstract: A crude oil product is extracted from a tar sand by first crushing the tar sand as mined and then fine grinding the crushed material in a grinding mill in the presence of a cleansing liquid, such as an aqueous solution of a caustic. The resulting slurry is passed into suitable extractor-classifier equipment, such as that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,814,336, in which a body of cleansing liquid is maintained. Agitation of the slurry in such maintained body of cleansing liquid substantially completes removal of the bituminous matter from the sand, and the resulting crude oil and cleansing liquid phase is discharged separately from the sand solid phase. The liquid phase is treated for the removal of residual sand particles and for the separation of residual cleansing liquid from the crude oil. The cleansing liquid so recovered is recycled and the crude oil is passed to further processing or for use as such.

Abstract: In the production of a chlorinated hydrocarbon, such as chlorinated methanes, a purge stream is recovered from the chlorinated hydrocarbon effluent, which contains inerts and unreacted hydrocarbon. The unreacted methane present in the purge stream is combusted to recover the fuel values thereof; e.g., as a fuel in the waste chlorinated hydrocarbon combustion to recover chlorine values, with the inerts then being purged from the system.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel and efficient method for the synthetic preparation of cis-nonen-6-yl chloride which is a useful intermediate compound for the syntheses of, for example, cis-nonen-6-yl acetate, cis-nonen-6-ol, cis-nonen-6-al and the like as flavors as well as cis-dodecen-9-yl acetate and cis-tetradecen-11-yl acetate known as sexual pheromone compounds of several noxious insects. The inventive method comprises reacting 1-bromo-3-chloropropane with the Grignard reagent of cis-hexen-3-yl chloride which is a chlorination product of cis-hexen-3-ol known by a trivial name of leaf alcohol. The reaction is preferably carried out in tetrahydrofuran in the presence of a catalyst which may be lithium copper dichloride or dilithium copper tetrachloride at 0.degree. to 40.degree. C.

Abstract: A stabilized methylchloroform for use in vapor degreasing which is stable in the presence of metals which contains pyrazine, dimethoxypropane, an acetylenic alcohol and a nitroalkane or a methylfuran. Such combination prevents corrosion of aluminum, iron, copper and zinc and the decomposition of the solvent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of monochlorinated and dichlorinated bis-(perhalomethyl)-benzenes of the formula (I) by reacting bis-(perhalomethyl)-benzenes of the formula (II) with elementary chlorine in chlorosulfonic acid as the reaction medium, at a temperature of, preferably, 0.degree. to 10.degree. C. The present invention makes it possible to obtain pure compounds of the formula (I), in high yields, in a single process step.

Abstract: A solvent extraction process for tar sands is disclosed wherein a low boiling solvent having a normal boiling point of from 20.degree. to 70.degree. C. is used to extract tar sands. The solvent is mixed with tar sands in a dissolution zone, the solvent:bitumen weight ratio being maintained at from about 0.5:1 to 2:1. This mixture is passed to a separation zone in which bitumen and inorganic fines are separated from extracted sand, the separation zone containing a classifier and countercurrent extraction column. The extracted sand is introduced into a first fluid-bed drying zone fluidized by heated solvent vapors, so as to remove unbound solvent from extracted sand while at the same time lowering the water content of the sand to less than about 2 wt. %. The so-treated sand is then passed into a second fluid-bed drying zone fluidized by a heated inert gas to remove bound solvent. Recovered solvent is recycled to the dissolution zone.

Abstract: Method of producing ethylene dichloride characterized by reaction of ethylene and chlorine in a reaction zone containing a circulating medium and maintained below the vaporization point of the medium, and utilization of the heat from the reaction to vaporize and rectify a portion of the circulating medium in another zone to recover the product.

Abstract: A hot aqueous waste, containing solids, such as tailings from the hot water extraction of bitumen from tar sands, is contacted with air to increase the heat and moisture content of the air, followed by contacting the heated and moisturized air with water to condense moisture from the air and increase the heat content of the water, with the heated water containing condensed moisture being employed as make-up hot water in the extraction. Water recovery can be further increased by subjecting at least a portion of the tailings, prior to contact with air, to an evaporation procedure wherein heat requirements are provided by indirect heat transfer with steam. Evaporate and condensed steam are employed in the extraction.

Abstract: Dibromostyrene has a marked tendency to polymerize on storage. The induction period can be lengthened with the use of a stabilizing quantity of n-propylgallate. The induction period can be markedly prolonged when the gallate ester is admixed with phenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, or 4-tert-butyl catechol.

Abstract: Bituminous sand such as oil sand or tar sand is mixed with a halogenated organic solvent which has a density greater than that of water at the same temperature. The slurry is continuously transferred to a conveyor system which is at least partially submerged in water, with the slurry being fed onto the portion of the conveyor which is submerged. As the sands move through the water on the conveyor, the organic solvent containing the bituminous material separates from the sand and forms a separate phase beneath the water. The sands ultimately move upwardly on the conveyor through the surface of the water. The organic phase is removed from beneath the water surface and the halogenated solvent is flashed therefrom in a flash evaporator chamber. Solvent vapors are withdrawn from the evaporator chamber by a compressor, and the compressed vapors are introduced into a condenser chamber.

Abstract: An integrated process for the recovery of carbonaceous material from tar sands by supercritical extraction involving countercurrent flow of the tar sand and the solvent is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkenyl-substituted aromatic compound which comprises catalytically reacting an alkyl-substituted aromatic compound in the vapor phase in the presence of molecular oxygen and a catalyst composed of palladium metal and a metal halide compound supported on an alumina carrier to convert it to the corresponding alkenyl-substituted aromatic compound, wherein said reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst composed of palladium metal and a metal halide compound supported on a carrier consisting substantially of .alpha.-alumina.

Abstract: Vinyl cyclohexene is converted to styrene or ethylbenzene at 170.degree. C.-360.degree. C. in the presence of copper chromite catalyst.

Abstract: Alkylaromatic hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated in admixture with steam, with the dehydrogenation zone effluent being condensed to form a water stream which is purified in a stripping column. The stripping column is reboiled by indirect heat exchange against the effluent of the dehydrogenation zone. The steam-rich overhead vapor stream of the stripping column is mixed directly into the dehydrogenation zone feed stream without intermediate condensation or pressurization.

Abstract: In the method of recovering oil from oil sand wherein the oil sand is tumbled in an aqueous alkaline solution to form a floating mass in which the oil is dispersed and the oil then recovered from the mass, the step of including in the aqueous alkaline solution 0.3 to 100 parts per million of a water-soluble member of the group consisting of anionic polyelectrolytes having a low molecular weight, acrylic acid, mannuronic acid and the sodium salts thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for producing alkadienes which comprises (1) contacting butadiene or isoprene with a catalyst such as platinum or palladium or a compound of one of said metals in a sulfolane solution, in the presence of a tertiary lower alkylamine formate and at least one phosphine compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-10 hydrocarbon group; R.sup.2 is H, a saturated aliphatic C.sub.1-5 hydrocarbon group, nitro or halogen; m is 1, 2 or 3; n is 0 or 1; x is 0, 1 or 2; y and z each is 0, 1, 2 or 3 (provided that y and z are not zero concurrently and x+y+z=3); A is --SO.sub.3 M wherein M is a cation selected from among H, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and NH.sub.4 or the formate or an inorganic acid salt of ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each means a saturated aliphatic C.sub.

Abstract: Benzotrihalides are prepared by pyrolyzing a substituted phenyl trihaloacetate of the formula ##STR1## wherein each X is halo, nitro, alkyloxy, aryloxy, aralkyoxy, cyano, lower alkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxy, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, carbamoyl, N,N-dialkylcarbamoyl, N,N-diarylcarbamoyl, or N,N-diaralkyloxy;Y is halo; andn is an integer of from 1 to 5. As an example, 4-chlorophenyl trichloroacetate is pyrolyzed at 550.degree. C. to 4-chlorobenzotrichloride.

Abstract: Reaction of ferric chloride with 2-chloro-p-xylene yields dichloro-p-xylene having a high ratio of 2,5-dichloro-p-xylene isomer to 2,3-dichloro-p-xylene isomer.