Abstract: A control method for a string inverter, comprising: in a current/voltage (IV) curve scanning process, controlling an output power of an inverter circuit to be a specified power reference value, and controlling an output voltage of each non-IV curve scanning direct current (DC) to DC (DC-DC) circuit to be a specified voltage reference value, where the specified power reference value is less than or equal to a sum of input powers of all non-IV curve scanning DC-DC circuits the before IV curve scanning process, and where the specified voltage reference value is greater than or equal to a preset percentage of a maximum value in open-circuit voltages, before the IV curve scanning process, of photovoltaic strings connected to all IV curve scanning DC-DC circuits.

Abstract: A spin torque oscillator includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a device layer stack located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The device layer stack includes a spin polarization layer including a first ferromagnetic material, an assist layer including a third ferromagnetic material, a ferromagnetic oscillation layer including a second ferromagnetic material located between the spin polarization layer and the assist layer, a nonmagnetic spacer layer located between the spin polarization layer and the ferromagnetic oscillation, and a nonmagnetic coupling layer located between the ferromagnetic oscillation layer and the assist layer. The assist layer is antiferromagnetically coupled to the ferromagnetic oscillation layer through the non-magnetic coupling layer, and the assist layer has a magnetization that is coupled to a magnetization of the ferromagnetic oscillation layer.

Abstract: To provide an oven controlled crystal oscillator which can keep constant the temperature of a quartz resonator housed within a thermostatic oven, thereby ensuring stable operation of the quartz resonator. An oven controlled crystal oscillator has a control system for exercising control so that the temperature of a quartz resonator becomes a target temperature Ttarg of a predetermined fixed value. The quartz resonator is housed within a thermostatic oven which is configured to compare a set temperature Tr and a measured temperature Tic based on an outside air temperature measured by a temperature sensor and which is controlled so that a difference between both temperatures is narrowed. The quartz resonator has characteristics influenced by an environmental temperature.

Abstract: Localized heating can use a fixed-frequency planar transmission line resonators arranged along a main-line, selected by tuning an electromagnetic input signal frequency applied to the main line for depositing heat in an adjacent active substrate. More generally, adjusting input signal frequency can be used to selectively address and energize an electromagnetic-to-heat, an electromagnetic-to-vibration, or other transducer to controllably direct energy toward a desired transducer load. Resonators or other electromagnetically energized transducers can be arranged to electromagnetically interfere, such that specifying or adjusting a relative phase of applied electrical signals can be used to specify or adjust the energy directed toward a desired transducer load. Temperature sensing can characterize a material in a target region near the transducer. A cold-hot-cold temperature profile can better manage temperature and avoid overheating a dielectric material such as the active substrate material.

Abstract: New wireless power transmission, monetization, and incentivization techniques are disclosed. In some aspects of the invention, a system distributes wireless power from a power and information transmitting base station, through a network of intermediate wireless power enhancement and consumption devices, each of which may be independently owned and controlled. In some embodiments, the transmitted power is sourced from a variety of power providers. The system may assign invoices comprising monetary credits and debits, based on each device's use and/or enhancement of the wireless power provided through the network. In some embodiments, the system may determine monetary credits and debits based on the identity and/or owner of each device. In some embodiments, the system may determine monetary credits and debits based on one or more sources of wireless power. Other power storage and transmission techniques are also disclosed.

Abstract: A micromechanical resonator includes a support beam having a fixed end, and a free end configured to vibrate. The micromechanical resonator includes a lumped mass disposed on the free end. A height of the lumped mass is greater than a width of the lumped mass.

Abstract: Apparatus, circuits and methods for clock generation are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a first transistor pair electrically coupled to a pair of output nodes; a second transistor pair electrically coupled to the pair of output nodes; and an inductive unit electrically coupled between the output nodes and electrically coupled between gates of the first transistor pair. The inductive unit comprises: a first inductive element electrically coupled to one gate of the first transistor pair; and a second inductive element electrically coupled to one of the output nodes. The first inductive element and the second inductive element are configured to be magnetically coupled to each other.

Abstract: An antenna module comprises a circuit substrate, a communication coupler disposed on the circuit substrate, and configured to wirelessly communicate data by electromagnetic coupling with another communication coupler, a power transmission coil disposed on the circuit substrate and configured to wirelessly transmit power by electromagnetic coupling to another power transmission coil, and a conductive plate disposed on the circuit substrate, and overlapping on at least a portion of the communication coupler as viewed from a direction orthogonal to the substrate.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a temperature sensor, a heat generation source circuit serving as a heat generation source, a pad for external coupling, and a capacitor having the MIM structure in which one electrode is electrically coupled to the pad for external coupling. In a plan view orthogonal to the substrate on which a circuit element is formed, the capacitor having the MIM structure and the temperature sensor overlap.

Abstract: The circuit device includes a current generation circuit configured to generate a temperature compensation current based on a temperature detection voltage, and a current-voltage conversion circuit configured to perform current-voltage conversion on the temperature compensation current to output a temperature compensation voltage. The current-voltage conversion circuit includes an operational amplifier, and a feedback circuit. The operational amplifier includes a differential section having a current mirror circuit and differential pair transistors, an output section configured to output the temperature compensation voltage, and an RC low-pass filter configured to output a signal obtained by performing a low-pass filter process on an output signal of the differential section to an input node of the output section.

Abstract: Localized heating can use a fixed-frequency planar transmission line resonators arranged along a main-line, selected by tuning an electromagnetic input signal frequency applied to the main line for depositing heat in an adjacent active substrate. More generally, adjusting input signal frequency can be used to selectively address and energize an electromagnetic-to-heat, an electromagnetic-to-vibration, or other transducer to controllably direct energy toward a desired transducer load. Resonators or other electromagnetically energized transducers can be arranged to electromagnetically interfere, such that specifying or adjusting a relative phase of applied electrical signals can be used to specify or adjust the energy directed toward a desired transducer load. Temperature sensing can characterize a material in a target region near the transducer. A cold-hot-cold temperature profile can better manage temperature and avoid overheating a dielectric material such as the active substrate material.

Abstract: An impedance matching network optimization method for a wireless power transfer system under maximum efficiency tracking belongs to the field of wireless power transfer. The present invention proposes a novel impedance matching network optimization method for a WPT system under maximum efficiency. The method analyzes the nonlinearity of a bridge rectifier circuit, the adaptability of load change and other factors related to the maximum efficiency tracking, and provides an important reference for the WPT system in terms of maximum transfer efficiency.

Abstract: An example method in accordance with some embodiments includes: determining an output frequency control word (FCW) having a plurality of bits, the output FCW being configured to control an oscillator, the oscillator including a plurality of capacitor banks, the plurality of capacitor banks respectively corresponding to the plurality of bits of the output FCW; storing the output FCW in a clocked delay cell; providing an input clock to the clocked delay cell, wherein the input clock is provided to delay the output FCW by an amount of delay; and, in accordance with the input clock, releasing the delayed output FCW from the clocked delay cell, and respectively applying the plurality of bits of the delayed output FCW to the plurality of capacitor banks of the oscillator.

Abstract: A motor vehicle has an electric system that includes an inverter with load contacts for connecting a load at a first voltage, first and second battery contacts, and charging contacts for connecting a charging station that provides a higher second voltage. A switching matrix of the inverter includes inverter power switches and two additional switches directly connected to different ones of the inverter power switches. In a first switching state, the additional switches set the inverter to a driving mode for driving the load at the first voltage. In a second switching state, the additional switches set the inverter to a charging mode for charging the battery at the higher second voltage. For this purpose, the additional switches connect the first and second battery contacts in parallel in the driving mode and in series in the charging mode.

Abstract: Apparatus for power conversion are provided. One apparatus includes a power converter including an input circuit and an output circuit. The power converter is configured to receive power from a source for providing power at a DC source voltage VS. The power converter is adapted to convert power from the input circuit to the output circuit at a substantially fixed voltage transformation ratio KDC=VOUT/VIN at an output current, wherein VIN is an input voltage and VOUT is an output voltage. The input circuit and at least a portion of the output circuit are connected in series across the source, such that an absolute value of the input voltage VIN applied to the input circuit is approximately equal to the absolute value of the DC source voltage VS minus a number N times the absolute value of the output voltage VOUT, where N is at least 1.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes: a bias circuit having a replica circuit, the bias circuit to generate an oscillator current that is proportional to a variation of the replica circuit; an oscillator circuit coupled to the bias circuit to receive the oscillator current and generate a plurality of signals using the oscillator current; and a waveform shaper circuit coupled to the oscillator circuit to receive the plurality of signals and generate at least one clock signal from the plurality of signals.

Abstract: An integrated oscillator includes a first inductor laid out as a first loop and a second inductor laid out as a second loop; a first capacitor laid out between two ends of the first loop; a second capacitor laid out between two ends of the second loop; a third inductor, a fourth inductor, a third capacitor, and a fourth capacitor that are laid out inside the first loop; and a cross-coupling transistor pair configured to electrically cross couple the two ends of the first loop and also the two ends of the second loop. The whole structure is substantially symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry.

Abstract: A variable-frequency oscillator generates an oscillator clock having a frequency that corresponds to a control signal. A programmable frequency divider divides the oscillator clock, so as to generate a divided clock. A F/V converter circuit includes a capacitor and a switch that switches at a frequency that corresponds to the divided clock, and generates a detection voltage that corresponds to a reference current. A reference voltage source outputs a reference voltage that corresponds to the electric potential that occurs at the resistor due to a reference current. A feedback circuit adjusts a control signal such that the detection voltage approaches the reference voltage. A correction circuit changes the frequency-dividing ratio of the programmable frequency divider based on a modulation signal modulated according to a correction coefficient that corresponds to the temperature.

Abstract: Provided is an oscillator including: a first resonator; a second resonator; a first oscillation circuit generating a first oscillation signal by oscillating the first resonator; a second oscillation circuit generating a second oscillation signal that has frequency-temperature characteristics different from frequency-temperature characteristics of the first oscillation signal by oscillating the second resonator; a clock signal generation circuit generating a clock signal with a frequency that is temperature compensated by temperature compensation data; and a processing circuit performing time digital conversion processing based on the first oscillation signal and the second oscillation signal, and obtaining the temperature compensation data based on measurement data of the time digital conversion processing.

Abstract: A method of operation in a locked-loop circuit. The locked-loop circuit includes a loop filter and a digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO). The loop filter includes a first input to receive a digital word representing a difference between a reference clock frequency and a DCO output frequency. The loop filter includes internal storage. The method includes selecting a desired DCO output frequency that is generated in response to a calibration DCO codeword. A start value is retrieved from the loop filter internal storage. The start value corresponds to the calibration DCO codeword. The locked-loop circuit is then started with the retrieved start value.