Abstract: A low viscosity, electrically conductive ferrofluid composition and method of making and using same, which composition comprises: a first polar liquid carrier; a second polar liquid carrier miscible in the first polar carrier and comprising a polyol, such as a tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether; magnetic particles to impart magnetic characteristics to the ferrofluid composition; and a surfactant, particularly a cationic surfactant in an amount sufficient to stabilize and disperse the magnetic particles, the surfactant dissociated or ionized predominately by the second polar liquid carrier.

Abstract: A battery electrode material comprising a non-stoichiometric electrode-active material which forms a redox pair with the battery electrolyte, an electrically conductive polymer present in the range of from about 2% by weight to about 5% by weight of the electrode-active material, and a binder. The conductive polymer provides improved proton or ion conductivity and is a ligand resulting in metal ion or negative ion vacancies of less than about 0.1 atom percent. Specific electrodes of nickel and lead are disclosed.

Abstract: Detergent compositions comprising surfactant, at least one detergency builder, and a plurality of rinse cycle suds control prills comprising fatty acid soap, quaternary ammonium salt, and silicone fluid suds suppressor. The granular detergent compositions of this invention provide control of the level of suds on the surface of the water during the rinse cycle without interfering with the level of suds on the surface of the water during the wash cycle of laundering operations.

Abstract: A granular detergent having a phosphorus content of less than 5% comprising:(a) about 5% to about 50% by weight of a water-insoluble aluminosilicate ion-exchange material and(b) about 0.1% to about 20% of a polycarboxylate polymer comprising:(i) about 5% to 70% of a C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 monoolefinic monocarboxylic acid,(ii) about 5% to 70% of a C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 monoolefinic dicarboxylic acid, and(iii) about 1% to 80% of a nonionic spacer selected from esters of (i) and (ii), C.sub.2-6 monoolefinic alcohols, and esters of C.sub.2-6 monoolefinic alcohols.The compositions display excellent bleach stability, fabric care and detergency performance at low or zero phosphate levels.

Abstract: The dispersed aqueous phase of a shear thickening composition, useful as a well control fluid which comprises a water-in-oil emulsion having hydratable, water-expandable hydrophillic clay, dispersed in the continuous, surfactant-containing oily phase thereof, hydratable, water-expandable hydrophillic clay, is prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of a polyacrylamide with an aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid wherein the concentration of the polymer in each separate solution used to prepare said aqueous phase is less than about 2 wt %.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electro-conductive elastomeric material comprises the steps of mixing together a silicone polymer gum such as type C2501, graphitic carbon particles such as 55 micron particle size, a curing agent such as Silester O.S., and a cross-linking agent such as DBTL in the presence of a mesogenic oil which is synthetic, unsaturated, and has two oleic chains. The preferred oil is di-oleyl-oxalate.

Abstract: Unfavorable interaction is prevented between (a) electroconductive particle fillers and (b) organic resin binders of the type which are normally instable with respect to viscosity when aged in contact with said fillers. Moreover, electroconductivity degradation is also avoided. In a preferred mode of the invention, the particle surface is treated with a coating of an interfacial pacifying agent such as a tetravalent tin compound which both enhances the electroconductive performance of the particles and also is sufficiently compatible with the resin binder to migrate into the binder sufficiently to avoid undue gelling of the binder by particle-borne contamination or residues of such contamination.

Abstract: Chemical preparation techniques involving co-precipitation of metals are used to provide micro-structural characteristics necessary in order to produce ZnO varistors and their precursors for high field applications. The varistors produced have homogeneous and/or uniform dopant distributions and a submicron average grain size with a narrow size distribution. Precursor powders are prepared via chemical precipitation techniques and varistors made by sintering uniaxially and/or isostatically pressed pellets. Using these methods, varistors were made which were suitable for high-power applications, having values of breakdown field, E.sub.B, in the 10-100 kV/cm range, .alpha.>30 and densities in the range of 65-99% of theoretical, depending on both composition and sintering temperature.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell having an anode, a cathode and an aqueous alkaline electrolyte solution. The anode is an intimate gelled mixture of a powdered metal, an aqueous electrolyte solution and an agent capable of gelling the mixture. The agent is a material capable of absorbing water and having a carbohydrate backbone which has a water soluble side chain grafted thereon. A preferred agent is a water insoluble salt of an aqueous alkali saponified gelatinized starch having a water soluble side chain grafted thereon. The gelling of the intimate mixture of the powdered metal anode and electrolyte solution with the agent is a method of improving the discharge characteristics of the cell.

Abstract: A conductive composite is formed which consists of a host polymer and polypyrrole ("PP") deposited on and within the host polymer. Instead of using a conductor as a starting substrate, an insulating polymer is at least partially impregnated with sufficient pyrrole (PY) monomer to become conductive after the PY is polymerized. The polymerization is a chemical oxidative polymerization ("dip-polymerization") which, if carried out under anhydrous conditions, transforms the insulating polymer into a semiconductive composite consisting essentially of the host polymer containing a first species of conductive PP and a Group VIII metal halide counterion; thereafter, the semiconductive composite, containing the counterion, is used to electrodeposit on it a second species of conductive PP.

Abstract: The concentration of conductive metal in a paint composition is reduced to the range of 20-30% by weight by the addition of Toluene to Butyl Acetate at a weight ratio thereto of approximately 1:3 in the liquid vehicle portion of the paint.

Abstract: A test assembly for testing a high density circuit or a test board, which comprises a test head containing a mirror image circuit of the circuit to be tested on the test board, a plurality of test points on the test head circuit, the test points comprising a plurality of metal pads, and metal contacts soldered to the metal pads, the metal contacts being in the form of metal balls or flakes selected from the group consisting of brass, bronze or copper, of a size ranging from about 5 to about 30 mils. The test head is positiioned over the test board with the metal contacts on the test head in contact with corresponding test points on the high density circuit on the test board. Means are provided for connecting the circuit on the test head with a tester, thereby providing signals from the high density circuit under test through the test head circuit to the tester. A solder composition is provided which is especially adapted for soldering the metal contacts to the metal pads on the test head.

Abstract: A metal powder-containing polymer composition selected from the group consisting of[A] polymer compositions each containing a metal powder having an amino compound and a silane coupling agent compound deposited thereon; and[B] compositions each consisting essentially of:(a) powder of a metal having an amino compound or a mixture of an amino compound and a silane coupling agent compound deposited thereon and(b) a thermoplastic resin comprising a carboxyl group-containing thermoplastic resin.The amine compound is exemplified by diamine compounds; the silane coupling agent by aminosilane compounds and vinyl silane compounds; and the polymer by a blend of a maleic anhydride-graftpolymerized polypropylene and polyester, polyamide or polypropylene.

Abstract: Di octyl phthalate (DOP) is used as a dielectric fluid for a-c electrical capcitors. An additive of an epoxidized linseed oil in an amount from 0.1% to 30% by weight of DOP stabilizes the capacitors and thus prolongs their life.

Abstract: An electrically conductive polymer-latex composite is described. Organic polymeric material capable of being doped to provide an organic electroconductive material is dispersed in a latex and doped to provide an organic electroconductive polymer-latex composite.

Abstract: A solder composition or solder cream especially adapted for vapor phase soldering in electronic circuits without formation of organic residues, comprises a major portion of finely divided solder metal and a minor portion of a fluorinated tertiary alkylamine. Preferably, the composition consists essentially of 85 to 90% of solder metal and 10 to 15% of perfluorotrihexyl amine. A small amount of an organic brominated activator such as homocyclohexane, can be added to convert any lead oxide or tin oxide present in the solder metal, to the corresponding bromides, and a small amount of solvent can be incorporated to disperse the activator in the solder composition. The fluorinated amine vehicle of the solder cream is compatible with and dissolves in the perfluorotriamyl amine, commonly used as the heating medium in vapor phase soldering, and the amine vehicle, perfluorotrihexyl amine, can be recovered from the solution by distillation, for reuse.

Abstract: A cleaner for cleaning from hands and the like difficultly removable objectionable material such as modern catalyzed auto paint, fast drying printers ink and the like characterized by a multi-component composition that includes at twenty-five percent by weight and no more than sixty percent by weight of dibasic ester consisting essentially of an admixture of dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl adipate; at least five percent by weight and no more than twenty-five percent by weight of dipropylene glycol methyl ether; at least five percent by weight and no more than twenty-five percent by weight of oderless mineral spirits; at least four percent and no more than nine percent by weight of triethanolamine; at leat five percent and no more than fifteen percent by weight of octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol in which there are seven to eight moles ethylene oxide per mole of octyl phenol; at least one percent and no more than three percent by weight of nonyl phenol ethoxylate having about four moles of eth

Abstract: A photoconducting sulfur- and hydrogen-doped amorphous carbon is prepared by deposition from a plasma glow discharge in a gas mixture which comprises at least one hydrocarbon and at least one sulfur source.

Abstract: An insoluble infusible electroconductive polymer is provided, which is derived from an organic compound having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and having a cyano group and an ethylenically or acetylenically unsaturated bond by mutually reacting this compound at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: An improved polycrystalline silicon resistor having limited lateral diffusion, integrated circuits containing such resistors, and a method of their preparation is disclosed. The polysilicon resistor is formed by first doping the polysilicon layer with a p or n type impurity and thereafter neutralizing the treated layer with impurities of the other type so as to form a device wherein the concentration gradient between the resistor region of the aforesaid layer and its environment is low. The low concentration gradient reduces lateral diffusion during manufacture, thereby permitting manufacture of integrated circuits of higher circuit density and resistors with smaller dimensions, lower temperature coefficients and higher reliability.