Abstract: There is provided a process for producing a fluorinated vinyl ether from a fluorinated acid fluoride compound having an ester group as a precursor of a carboxylic acid group, or a SO2F group as a precursor of a sulfonic acid group, in high yield by simple operations. Said process is a production process comprising pyrolyzing a carboxylic acid potassium salt with a specific structure represented by the following formula in the absence of a solvent and/or while maintaining the salt in the solid state: wherein X is —CO2R or —SO2F, and R is an alkyl group.

Abstract: An aromatic polyester is pre-decomposed by heating together with bis-?-hydroxyethyl terephthalate and/or a low condensate thereof and then, reacted with ethylene glycol to convert the terephthalic acid component of the pre-decomposed product into bis-?-hydroxyethyl terephthalate and/or a low condensate thereof. The thus obtained solution composition, that is, bis-?-hydroxyethyl terephthalate solution composition containing ethylene glycol, bis-?-hydroxyethyl terephthalate and cations and/or anions as impurities is brought into contact with a cation exchanger and/or an anion exchanger to remove cations and anions as impurities to produce bis-?-hydroxyethyl terephthalate having a small content of ions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tetrafluorobenzyl derivative and a pharmaceutical composition for prevention and treatment of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disease in central nervous system and ophthalmic diseases containing the same. The tetrafluorobenzyl derivative of the present invention can effectively be used to prevent and treat chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, degenerative brain disease such as epilepsy and ischemic brain disease such as stroke.

Abstract: Clogging of a distillation column by polymerization caused by a change of the production rate of (meth)acrylic acid, is prevented to carry out a stabilized operation over a long period. A process for producing (meth)acrylic acid, which includes a purification step wherein a (meth)acrylic acid-containing material to be purified is supplied to and distilled by a distillation column, wherein during a cut operation in which the production rate of (meth)acrylic acid is reduced by ?% relative to the production rate of (meth)acrylic acid during the ordinary operation, the liquid/gas flow rate in the distillation column is adjusted to be at least (100??/2)% of the liquid/gas flow rate during the ordinary operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to reaction products of glycols, diglycols, higher glycols or glycerol with ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids in a molar ratio of 1:2 or higher, especially conforming to the general formula (V) where R is hydrogen or a C1-3 alkyl group, preferably methyl, nx is from 1 to 5, preferably from 1 to 3, n is 1 or 2 and when n=1 the radical R? is C1-4 alkylene, preferably ethylene, x is defined as x? and y is not less than 1, preferably from 1 to 5, especially 1 or 2, and when n=2 the radical R? is a glycerol radical, x is defined as x? and y is =1. The invention further relates to the use of the (poly)hydroxycarboxylic acid (poly)glycol esters or (poly)hydroxycarboxylic acid glyceryl esters as acid donors and for controlling the pH in textile treatment processes.

Abstract: Ionic compounds with a freezing point of up to 100° C. are formed by the reaction of an one amine salt of formula (I) R1R2R3R4N+X?, such as choline chloride with an organic compound (II) capable of forming a hydrogen bond with X; such as urea, wherein the molar ration of I to II is from 1:1.5 to 1:2.5. R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be H, optionally substituted C1 to C5 alkyl, optionally substituted C6 to C10 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6 to C12 aryl, optionally substituted C7 to C12 alkaryl, or R1 and R2 taken together may represent a C4 to C10 optionally substituted alkylene group, thereby forming with the N atom of formula I a 5 to 11-membered heterocyclic ring and all of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are not identical, X? may be NO3?, F, Cl?, Br?, I?, BF4?, ClO4?, CN?, SO3CF3?, or COOCF3?. The ionic compounds are useful as solvents, and electrolytes for example in electroplating, electrowinning, and electropolishing, and as catalysts.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of isocyanates from carbamic esters.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing a sodium ferric gluconate complex, substantially free of excipients, for providing a sodium ferric gluconate complex co-precipitated with sucrose, and for providing sodium ferric gluconate complexes in aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of derivatives of cyclopentenone for the inhibition or prevention of the growth or multiplication of cancer cells, and to therapeutic compositions containing such compounds. The invention relates more specifically to the use of derivatives of cyclopentenone for the inhibition and/or prevention of cancer of the colon, pancreas, larynx, ovary, duodenum, kidney, oral cavity, prostate, lung, endothelial cells and leukemias.

Abstract: This invention relates to 2-pentafluorosulfanylnapthalene, substituted derivatives thereof and to a process for producing naphthalene carrying an SF5 group. A 3-step process is employed wherein 1,4-dihydronaphthalene is reacted with pentafluorosulfanyl halide. Next the resulting 3-halo-2-pentafluorosulfanylnaphthalene or derivative is converted to 2-pentafluorosulfanyl-1,4-dihydronaphthalene or derivative by treatment with a base and subsequently transformed into pentafluorosulfanylnaphthalene by removing hydrogen atoms.

Abstract: A method for producing high purity glycolic acid crystals, which comprises the steps of: (1) providing an aqueous glycolic acid solution (A) which has (a) a water content of from 5 to 20% by weight, (b) a calculated monomeric glycolic acid weight ratio (ratio of the total weight of the monomeric glycolic acid and the component monomeric glycolic acid of the glycolic acid condensation product to the weight of the aqueous glycolic acid solution (A)) of from 0.60 to 1.00 and (c) a monomeric glycolic acid content of from 20 to 57% by weight; (2) depositing glycolic acid crystals from the solution (A); and (3) separating the deposited glycolic acid crystals from the solution (A).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing industrially useful fluorine-containing compounds such as a fluorinated ester compound and an acid fluoride compound. Namely, the present invention resides in a method for producing a fluorinated ester compound, which comprises fluorinating an ester compound which is an ester of a compound having hydroxyl group(s) with a compound having acyl fluoride group(s) and which has a structure which can be fluorinated, in a liquid phase to produce a fluorinated ester compound, wherein the fluorination is carried out in the form of a liquid mixture of the ester compound and the compound having acyl fluoride group(s).

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds which inhibit serine protease activity of matriptase or MTSP1. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising those compounds and methods of using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions to treat conditions ameliorated by inhibition of matriptase or MTSP1.

Abstract: A process prepares an aqueous alkali metal acrylate solution by distillatively removing acrylic acid from a mixture as vapors and taking up the vapors immediately from the gas phase into an aqueous alkali solution.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of producing ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid of formula (3) wherein R1 denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group, which method comprises reacting a carboxylic acid of formula (1) wherein R1 denotes the same as the above, or carboxylic anhydride of formula (2) wherein R1 denotes the same as the above, with a methylenating agent in a presence of a catalyst containing metal of Group 13 of the Periodic Table of Elements in the amount of not more than 5 weight %.

Abstract: This invention provides a plant growth regulatory activity of a new biologically active synthetic molecule methanone-(3?,4?,5?-trimethoxy) phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-O-4?-ethyl but-2?-enoate. More particularly, the invention relates to the potent plant growth promoting activity of a gallic acid derivative having a structure represented by Formula 1 and a molecular formulae C26H26O7. This invention also provides a novel process for preparation of said molecule from a naturally occurring compound and testing it for growth regulating activity using Bacopa test system developed at CIMAP (Khanuja et al.

Abstract: A process for producing a producing a product of the formula: R—CF?CHR1 wherein R is F or CF3 and R1 is F when R is F and is H when R is CF3 by reacting a reactant of the formula: CF3—R2 wherein R2 is selected from and wherein R3 is H, F or Cl and R4 is H or Cl, in the presence of a suitable catalyst, with a reducing agent selected from methane, methyl chloride and mixtures thereof, in a gas phase reaction.

Abstract: Novel urea and urethane derivatives of general formula (I) in which R1, R2, R3, R5, R5?, X, Y, B, m, n and o are as defined in Patent Claim 1, and physiologically acceptable salts or solvates thereof are integrin inhibitors and can be employed for combating thromboses, cardiac infarction, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, inflammation, tumors. Osteoporosis, infections and restenosis after angioplasty or in pathological processes maintained or propagated by antiogenesis.

Abstract: A composition comprising at least one G protein inhibitor of the formula wherein the substituents are defined as in the specification and the salts thereof and at least one other antihypertensive agent for the treatment of arterial hypertension.

Abstract: A guest-host assembly having a generally spheroidal host assembly formed of trimers of calixarene molecules in a hexagonal close-packed assembly and its preparation. The calixarene trimers are associated together predominantly by van der Waals forces to provide dilated channels having void volumes within the range of 100-200 ?3. A guest component, such as hydrogen, methane, or another hydrocarbon or halocarbon, is encapsulated within the dilated channels of the spheroidal host assembly and retained within the channels primarily by van der Waals forces. The guest-host assembly is stable at a temperature of 150° C. or higher. The temperature at which the onset of the release of the guest component occurs is within the range of 150-300° C.