Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing main group boryl compounds by reacting main group hydrides with hydroborating reagents in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for treating heart failure, thromboembolic disorders, and pulmonary fibrosis, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) in which the several variables are as defined in the specification and claims.

Abstract: Novel bicyclic compounds having the structural formula (I): are useful in a variety of pharmaceutical applications, whether human or veterinary, and also in cosmetics.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a catalyst for manufacturing a carboxylic ester, which has superior catalytic activity. The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing a carboxylic ester, used in a) a reaction for preparing a carboxylic ester by reacting oxygen, an aldehyde, and an alcohol, or b) a reaction for manufacturing a carboxylic ester by reacting oxygen and one or more types of alcohol, comprising a carrier and 1) ultrafine gold particles and/or 2) ultrafine metal particles containing gold and a second element other than gold, having an average particle diameter of not more than 6 nm, are supported on the carrier.

Abstract: The invention aims at producing high-purity crystals of a hydroxycarboxylic acid represented by the following formula (1): in high yield. Provided are a method for crystallization of a compound (1) which comprises acidifying a mixture of a solution of an alkali salt of the compound (1) and an organic solvent, and a method for crystallization of compound (1) by mixing a solution of the compound (1) in a water-miscible good solvent with water, in which a slurry with a necessary suspension amount of the compound (1) for inhibiting oil formation and scaling is prepared in advance and then a main crystallization is carried out in the presence of said slurry.

Abstract: A process for preparing acid formates which comprises (a) partially hydrolyzing methyl formates with water; (b) separating off by distillation methyl formate and methanol from the reaction mixture obtained in process stage (a), forming a stream comprising formic acid and water; and (c) combining the stream comprising formic acid and water from the process stage (b) and the corresponding formate, forming a mixture comprising the acid formate and water, an apparatus for their preparation and their use.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a vinyl ether group-containing (meth)acrylic ester, which has both radical polymerizability and cation polymerizability, improved in storage stability and stability in handling without impairing its polymerizability or, in other words, provide a stabilized vinyl ether group-containing (meth)acrylic ester. Another object is to provide a method of producing a stabilized vinyl ether group-containing (meth)acrylic ester composition. A further object is to provide a method of stably handing, a method of economically and stably producing and a method of purifying a vinyl ether group-containing (meth)acrylic ester.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a fuel oil (diesel fuel or heating oil) composition which is a mixture of an alkanol tranesterified fatty acid ester triglyceride and an acetal of glycerol is described. The process preferably provides a prestep of the formation of at least some of the alkanol transesterified triglyceride containing the glycerol for use in the formation of the acetal of glycerol. The composition can also be formed from a reaction of 1,1-dimethoxy- or 1,1-diethoxyethane and glycerol to form the acetal in the alkanol transesterified triglyceride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a water-soluble fluorine-containing vinyl ether which comprises subjecting a fluorine-containing 2-alkoxypropionic acid derivative represented by the following general formula (I): (wherein A represents —OM1 or —OM21/2, and M1 represents an alkali metal and M2 represents an alkaline earth metal; X represents a halogen atom; Y1 and Y2 are the same or different and each represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group or a fluorochloroalkyl group; n represents an integer of 0 to 3, and n of Y1s may be the same or different; m represents an integer of 1 to 5, and m of Y2s are the same or different; and Z represents a hydrophilic group) to thermal decomposition at a temperature of not lower than 50° C. but lower than 170° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel diphenyl ethene compounds and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof. Also provided are methods for making the compounds of the invention as well as methods for the use thereof in the treatment of immune, inflammatory, and auto-immune diseases.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): or salts or solvate thereof, wherein: n and N independently represent an integer 2 to 12; m1 and m2 independently represent an integer 1 to 15; and R1 and R2 independently represent —(CO)xC1-9 alkyl or —(CO)xC1-9 fluoroalkyl, which fluoroalkyl moiety contains at least 1 fluorine atom and not more than 3 consecutive perfluorocarbon atoms wherein x represents 0 or 1, as well as pharmaceutical formulations containing such compounds and processes for the manufacture of such compounds are disclosed. Intermediates of such compounds and processes for the manufacture of such intermediates are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the production of acrylic acid of high concentration by absorbing acrylic acid with high absorption ratio of acrylic acid is provided. In a method for producing acrylic acid by a procedure comprising a step of catalytic gas phase oxidation reaction and a step of absorbing the acrylic acid-containing gas, while a low boiling substance-containing solution is introduced into the absorption column via a portion different from the top of the column.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a tocyl acylate or a tocopheryl acylate comprises reacting tocol or a tocopherol with an acylating agent in the presence of a solid heterogeneous Brönsted acid catalyst, said catalyst being an inorganic Brönsted acid on a solid carrier material which comprises silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide or both silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide, or being an organofunctional polysilonaxe featuring sulpho groups, the solid heterogeneous Brönsted acid catalyst further featuring a BET surface area from about 10 m2/g to about 800 m2/g and a pore volume from about 0.1 ml/g to about 2.0 ml/g. The main commercial form of vitamin E, being (all-rac)-?-tocopheryl acetate, can be manufactured by acylation of (all-rac)-?-tocopherol according to this process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new method for manufacturing a prostaglandin analogue having one or more keto groups on the 5-membered ring and/or omega chain, which comprises the step of treating a corresponding hydroxyl group containing compound with a co-oxidizer under the presence of a tetramethylpyperidine-1-oxyl derivative to form the desired prostaglandin analogue. The method of the invention can be carried out easily under relatively mild conditions.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of (per)fluorinated mono-functional carbonyl compounds having the following formula: F—A—(RF)t—B—C(O)X1??(I) wherein: X1=F, CF3; t=0, 1; A, B equal to or different from each other, are independently C1-C5 (per)fluoroalkylene groups or C1-C5 (per)fluorooxy-alkylene groups; RF is —Rf1—, C1-C20 perfluoroalkylene, —ORf1O—; or —ORf2—, wherein Rf2 is a perfluorooxyalkylene chain; wherein the carbonyl groups of a (per)fluorinated di-functional carbonyl compound of formula (III): X2(O)C—A—(RF)t—B—C(O)X1??(III) wherein: X1, RF, t, A and B have the above meanings; X2, equal to or different from X1, has the same meanings as X1; are partially fluorinated with elemental fluorine in the presence of a catalyst having formula MeFy.zHF, Me being an alkaline or alkaline-earth metal or Ag, y=1 or 2, z an integer from 0 to 4, carrying out said reaction at a temperature higher than a temperature such that it leads to the formation of C(O)FX2.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds which are thyroid receptor ligands, preferably antagonists, and to methods for using such compounds in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, thyrotoxicosis and subclinical hyperthyrodism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tetrafluorobenzyl derivative and a pharmaceutical composition for prevention and treatment of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disease in central nervous system and ophthalmic diseases containing the same. The tetrafluorobenzyl derivative of the present invention can effectively be used to prevent and treat chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, degenerative brain disease such as epilepsy and ischemic brain disease such as stroke.

Abstract: A method for distilling (meth)acrylic acid and/or the ester thereof by withdrawing vapor generated in a distillation column by distillation from the top of the column, condensing the vapor to give a condensate, and circulating part of the condensate as reflux liquid into the distillation column from the top thereof, comprising the step of adding a polymerization inhibitor to said condensate and said reflux liquid. This method enables maintaining the purity and quality of (meth)acrylic acid and/or the ester thereof at a certain level or higher, suppressing generation of polymers in the rectification column and suppressing polymerization of the condensate obtained by distillation in the incident facilities of the column such as condenser, condensate tank, and the like. In addition, the method enables reduction in the amount of polymerization inhibitor used while suppressing polymerization in the intermediate distillation columns (except the final rectification column).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, such as esters and/or anhydrides, encompassing the reaction of diene/maleic acid anhydride mixtures, in particular of butadiene/maleic acid anhydride mixtures or of mixtures of maleic acid anhydrides and C5-dienes to give alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexenedicarboxylic acid anhydrides in the condensed phase, ester formation, and then hydrogenation to give the corresponding cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid derivative, and also to the use of the cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof prepared according to the invention as plasticizers for plastics.

Abstract: Catalysts such as antimony halides, which are useful in fluorination reactions involving hydrogen fluoride, may be reduced during the reaction and require regeneration. Regenerative oxidation is usually carried out by introducing elemental halogen, preferably fluorine or chlorine, into the reaction mixture. In accordance with the invention elemental halogen is prevented from coming into contact with starting materials or intermediate products which are reactive therewith. This is preferably achieved by withdrawing part of the reaction mixture from the reactor, mixing the withdrawn part with chlorine or fluorine in order to regenerate the catalyst, and thereafter returning the withdrawn part to the reactor.