Abstract: A spark plug includes a metal shell, an insulator coaxially disposed within the metal shell, and a center electrode coaxially disposed in the insulator. The metal shell has a substantially cylindrical base portion, and the base portion has a lower surface with a recess formed therein. A bimetallic ground electrode is affixed to the lower surface of the base portion at the recess thereof. The ground electrode has a central core formed of a first thermally conductive metal which may include copper, and an external sheath surrounding the core, the sheath being made of a second metal which includes nickel. The recess in the lower surface of the metal shell is preferred to be provided as an annular grove extending therearound. The present invention also encompasses a method of making a spark plug, including a step of placing a ground electrode adjacent a lower surface of a spark plug shell, aligned with a recess thereof, such that a tip end of the ground electrode enters into the recess.

Abstract: There is disclosed an organic light-emitting device having at least one layer of light-emissive organic material arranged between first and second electrodes, one of the first and second electrodes being a multilayer structure, each layer of the multilayer structure being a DC magnetron sputtered layer. There is also disclosed an organic light-emitting device having two or more layers of light-emissive organic material arranged between first and second electrodes, an uppermost layer of the organic material being more resistant to sputter deposition than an underlying layer of the organic material, and the electrode formed over the uppermost layer of organic material being a sputtered layer. There are also disclosed methods for making such structures.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a field emission array that employs a single mask to define the emitter tips thereof and their corresponding resistors. A layer of conductive material is disposed over a substrate of the field emission array. A plurality of substantially mutually parallel conductive lines is defined from the layer of conductive material. At least one layer of semiconductive material or conductive material is disposed over the conductive lines and over the regions of the substrate exposed between adjacent conductive lines. A mask material is disposed over the layer of semiconductive material or conductive material, substantially above each of the conductive lines. Portions of the layer of semiconductive material or conductive material exposed through the mask material may be removed to expose substantially longitudinal center portions of the conductive lines. Other portions of the layer of semiconductive material or conductive material may remain over peripheral lateral edges of the conductive lines.

Abstract: Faceplates for field mission displays having novel cathodoluminescent layers are disclosed. In one embodiment a faceplate includes a transparent conductive layer, and a cathodoluminescent layer formed on the transparent conductive layer, the cathodoluminescent layer having been scrubbed by electron irradiation from an electron source with an electron current having a duty cycle in excess of ten percent, the electron current having a current density of greater than one-tenth milliampere per square centimeter while a voltage less than a thousand volts is maintained between the cathodoluminescent layer and the electron source. In one aspect, the transparent conductive layer may be formed on a transparent insulating viewing screen. In alternate aspects, the voltage maintained between the cathodoluminescent layer and the electron source may be dithered to treat the cathodoluminescent layer to varying depths.

Abstract: A field emission device (100) includes an electron emitter (115) and an emitter-enhancing electrode (117) having an enhanced-emission structure (131), which is disposed proximate to electron emitter (115). Enhanced-emission structure (131) is embodied by, for example, each of the following structures: a tapered portion (118) of emitter-enhancing electrode (117), an electron-emissive edge (135) that is generally parallel to an axis (136) of electron emitter (115), a combination of a conductive layer (137) and an electron-emissive layer (138) that is disposed proximate to an edge (133) of conductive layer (137), and an electron-emissive layer (146) having a thickness of less than about 500 angstroms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display panel production line of increased efficiency by providing a relocation step area where display panels in a cassette used in the cutting step area are relocated into a cassette to be supplied to an injection step area while increasing the number of display panels, and the display panels in the cassette from the injection step area are relocated into a cassette to be supplied to a sealing step area while decreasing the number of display panels.

Abstract: A flat panel display that has internal components that are cleaned using a dry cleaning treatment. The cleaned internal components include a matrix structure, a focus structure and a support structure. The dry cleaning treatment removes contaminants from the surfaces of the internal components. By cleaning the internal components, contaminants are removed that can deleteriously affect the performance of the display. The cleaned support structure has uniform resistance and does not produce spatially nonuniform resistivity over time. This prevents regions of the visible display that are not properly illuminated and minimizes the possibility of arcing.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a field emission display (FED) with improved junction leakage characteristics is provided. The method includes the formation of a light blocking element between a cathodoluminescent display screen of the FED and semiconductor junctions formed on a baseplate of the FED. The light blocking element protects the junctions from light formed at the display screen and light generated in the environment striking the junctions. Electrical characteristics of the junctions thus remain constant and junction leakage is improved. The light blocking element may be formed as an opaque light absorbing or light reflecting layer. In addition, the light blocking element may be patterned to protect predetermined areas of the baseplate and may provide other circuit functions such as an interconnect layer.

Abstract: A display in which images can be selectively presented to a viewer, is formed by providing a transparent substrate; forming a transparent, electrically conductive coating over the transparent substrate; forming a light modulating layer including liquid crystal material in a polymer binder over the transparent, electrically conductive layer; forming by directly depositing conductive material in an image wise pattern over the light modulating layer to provide viewable and conductive images, the light modulating layer being effective in a first condition to prevent the viewing of the viewable and conductive images and in a second condition to permit the viewing of the viewable and conductive images.

Abstract: A method for making an overhead light fixture includes forming top and bottom housing members, the top member having a horizontal top wall with fastener-receptors therein and an inside surface, and the bottom member being engageable with the top member, placing the top member on a work support structure in inverted orientation, placing each of the power-related components on the top-wall inside surface, securing the power-related components to the inside surface by engagement of fasteners in a common direction with a set of the top-wall fastener-receptors, placing the bottom member on the top member in inverted orientation and securing them together securing the bottom member to the top member, and removing the fixture from the support structure. Unidirectional fastener attachment is used for the securing steps in assembly, including with respect to attachment of a socket mount, and with respect to attachment of the top and bottom housing members.

Abstract: An improved structure and method are provided to decouple the gate dielectric thickness and the emitter tip to gate layer distance by etching the dielectric using ion bombardment. The ion bombardment, or ion etch, is performed prior to depositing the gate layer. The improved structure and method will allow a smaller distance between the emitter tip and the gate structure without having to decrease the thickness of the gate insulator layer. The smaller emitter tip to gate distance lowers the turn-on voltage which is highly desirable in such areas as beam optics and power dissipation.

Abstract: A method is provided for enhancing heat transfer within an X-ray vacuum tube, from a hot component such as the rotating anode assembly to a cooler component such as the metal tube housing, by increasing surface emissivity of respective components. The method comprises the steps of fabricating each component from an alloy containing a specified minimum amount of chromium, and then implementing a first heating operation, wherein a fabricated component is heated in a dry hydrogen atmosphere for a first specified time period. Thereafter, a second heating operation is implemented, wherein the fabricated component is heated in a wet hydrogen atmosphere for a second specified time period. This procedure forms a refractory chromium oxide coating on the component that exhibits high absorption in the NIR region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode for an electron gun for increasing its life cycle under a high current density load by ensuring a diffusion path of reducing component served for generating free radical barium. The present invention discloses a cathode for an electron gun comprising a base metal composed of nickel and at least one kind of reducing component, an upper metal layer formed by spraying powder to the surface of the base metal, implanting Ni thereto, or grinding the surface thereof and heating it, and an electron emitting layer containing alkaline earth metal oxide including at least barium on the upper metal layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device comprising a transparent supporting substrate, a transparent anode of a plurality of stripes provided on the transparent supporting substrate, an organic electroluminescent layer extending over the transparent supporting substrate and the transparent anode, and a cathode of a plurality of stripes which extend in a direction perpendicular to a direction along which the stripes of the anode extend, wherein at least an insulative separation wall is provided between the stripes of the anode and the insulative separation wall has a height which is higher than a sum of a thickness of the anode and a thickness of the organic electroluminescent layer and further wherein the organic electroluminescent layer also extends over the insulative separation wall.

Abstract: An X-ray tube anode comprises a graphite ring, a target substrate applied onto the graphite ring and a target focal track applied onto the target substrate. The target focal track comprises a first refractory metal and the target substrate comprises a second refractory metal and at least one layer of a material that is characterized by characterized by a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that is the same as the CTE of the target focal track or is intermediate between the CTE of the target focal track and the CTE of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of producing an electron-emitting device including the steps of forming a pair of electrodes and an electrically-conductive thin film on a substrate in such a manner that the pair of electrodes are in contact with the electrically-conductive thin film and forming an electron emission region using the electrically-conductive thin film, wherein a solution containing a metal element is supplied in a droplet form onto the substrate thereby forming the electrically-conductive thin film.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a method of manufacturing an electronic tube capable of eliminating deterioration of image quality due to an excessively high electron reflection effect of a material comprising a metal element with an atomic number not lower than 70 and painted on a shadow mask and deterioration of image quality due to spontaneous peeling of a coat on the surface of the shadow mask. A paint mainly comprising a solated metal oxide or a metal alkoxide of an element with an atomic number not lower than 40 is painted to form an electron reflection coat with an amount of coating of less than 2 mg/cm2 so as to achieve coating on an electron gun side surface of a shadow mask. With this method, an electronic tube with good image quality can be manufactured.

Abstract: The invention provides a getter of high performance capable of immediately absorbing a gas generated in an image forming apparatus, and an image forming apparatus exhibiting little luminance variation with the lapse of time and little luminance fluctuation. It also provides a method for producing a getter at a low temperature not effecting other components and in an arbitrary position in a simple manner with a low cost, thereby being adaptable to various processes. The invention relates to a process for forming a non-evaporative getter by a gas deposition method, and to a method of producing an image forming apparatus provided with an electron source, an image forming member for forming an image by irradiation with an electron beam emitted from the electron source, and a non-evaporative getter in a container, which comprises forming the non-evaporative getter by the above-mentioned process for forming the non-evaporative getter.

Abstract: This invention is to bond a supporter of a shadow mask in a flat cathode ray tube to a panel. The method comprising the steps of: washing a rail, which is a supporter of a shadow mask, and a panel of the flat cathode my tube so as to remove impurities; arranging the rail at a certain position on the inner surface of the panel to place in an exact location; applying a predetermined pressure to the panel and the rail by a pressure device in stick closely; raising the temperature of the panel and the rail to a certain degree by a heating device; and applying a predetermined voltage to the panel and the rail so that the panel and the rail form a electrostatic field and are bonded by an electric bonding of the boundary surface. The above method simplifies the bonding process, reduces the size of the panel and prevent the pollution of the cathode ray tube, thereby providing reduced production cost and improved quality of the cathode ray tube.

Abstract: The invention provides a gripper for a tack welding gun wherein the tack gripper is U-shaped in design. The tack gripper has two arms connected by a base. At least one arm of the tack gripper is resilient in design. The arms have a bent back portion at their free end. The portion is arranged between the respective arms. The portions contain holes in which the catch knobs formed on the workpiece to be welded can engage.