Abstract: A method for purifying biomass syngas under a positive pressure. The method includes: 1) aerating a pyrolysis gasifier by using an oxidation fan; 2) introducing syngas produced in the pyrolysis gasifier through a water-cooling flue to a water-cooling quench tower; 3) introducing the syngas from the water-cooling quench tower to a waste heat boiler of a water-tube type and a waste heat boiler of a heat-tube type; 4) introducing the syngas from the waste heat boiler of the heat-tube type to a Venturi scrubber in the absence of a filler to wash the syngas and remove dust; 5) introducing the syngas from the Venturi scrubber to a wet electrical dust precipitator for further removing the dust; and 6) transporting qualified syngas to a wet gas tank for storage or to a downstream process for use.

Abstract: A process for preparing acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen, is disclosed. The process consists of separately preheating and then mixing a first input stream containing a hydrocarbon and a second input stream containing oxygen, supplying the first input stream and the second input stream via a burner block to a firing space, quenching a cracking gas obtained to produce a process water stream and a product gas stream, cooling the product gas stream in a cooling column by direct heat exchange with cooling water, depleting soot in an electrostatic filter, combining all process water streams and passing through soot channels, subjecting the combined process water stream to a cleaning operation by partial vaporization in a one-stage flash vessel to obtain a cleaned process water stream, and recycling the cleaned process water stream into the process.

Abstract: This invention provides a system and method for pyrolyzing and/or gasifying material such as organically coated waste and organic materials including biomass, industrial waste, municipal solid waste and sludge. In a first mode of operation the method/system heats the material in a processing chamber (10) by passing hot gas therethrough. This pyrolyzes and/or gasifies the organic content it to produce syngas and, invariably, soot. In a second mode of operation the method/system increases the oxygen content of the hot gas such that the oxygen within the hot gas reacts with the heated soot to form carbon monoxide.

Abstract: Process for the production of synthesis gas (3), in which methane and carbon dioxide (2) are introduced into a reaction space (R) and reacted in the presence of a solid (W) at elevated temperatures to give hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Methane and carbon dioxide are passed through a carbon-containing granular material (W) and reacted in a high-temperature zone (H).

Abstract: A technology for producing synthesis gas from crude gas from various gasification processes for solid or liquid fuels. To limit the temperatures in a subsequent strongly exothermic CO shift reaction to adjust the H2/CO ratio, the crude gas which has been freed of dust flows through two shift reactors arranged in series. The first reactor has a specific reaction-kinetically limited catalyst and the second reactor has a conventional sour gas catalyst. The specific catalyst used in the first reactor limits the exothermic shift reaction to such an extent that the reaction temperatures in the first and second reactors remain so low to avoid thermal damage to the catalysts even without introduction of external steam, and the desired gas composition is achieved.

Abstract: A method of processing synthesis gas improves the quality of the synthesis gas by using a water gas shift reaction to increase the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide (H2:CO) in an efficient manner. A first steam of hot natural gas-based synthesis gas having a first higher molar ratio of H2:CO is combined with a second stream of quenched synthesis gas having a second lower molar ratio of H2:CO to provide a blend of synthesis gas having a third molar ratio of H2:CO that is between the first and second molar ratios. A non-catalytic water gas shift reaction increases the molar ratio of H2:CO to a fourth molar ratio that is higher than the third molar ratio, and can be about equal to or greater than the first molar ratio without supplying external heat.

Abstract: One object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing hydrogen which is able to simply produce hydrogen which is clean energy without using ammonia as used in the background art and which is very high in safety. The method for preparing hydrogen of the present invention is characterized in that hydrogen is generated by introducing mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] into water and allowing them to react with water. Here, it is preferable that a temperature of water is from 50 to 100° C., and a molar ratio of mayenite to calcium hydroxide is 1/9.

Abstract: In a method for the combined production of ammonia synthesis gas and carbon dioxide from a mixture of hydrocarbons, the cooled mixture from a reverse conversion is separated in an adsorption unit by pressure modulation (or PSA) producing a hydrogen-enriched flow having a purity at least equal to 98% and a residual gas, the residual gas is processed to produce carbon dioxide and a gas containing nitrogen and methane and at least a portion of the hydrogen-enriched flow and at least a portion of the gas containing nitrogen and methane are mixed to form an ammonia synthesis gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the self-regulated production as a function of the demand, under submerged conditions, of a gas (G), said gas (G) being generated by a chemical reaction between a liquid (L) and a solid (S) (hydrogen generated by hydrolysis of a metal hydride, for example) and not being polluted between the generation thereof and the delivery thereof. The present invention also relates to a device suitable for the implementation of said process.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for preparing a solid comprising ZnO and a binder comprising the following steps: pre-mixing powders comprising at least one ZnO powder and at least one binder (step a), mixing the paste obtained (step b), extruding (step c) the paste obtained in step b), drying the extrudates, and calcining (step d) in a stream of gas comprising oxygen.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method for producing acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen, wherein a first feedstock (1), containing one or more hydrocarbons, and a second feedstock (2), containing oxygen, —are preheated separately from one another, —are fed via a burner block (B) to a combustion chamber (F), in which the partial oxidation of the hydrocarbons takes place, —obtaining a cracked gas, which is quenched by injecting a quench oil downstream of the furnace body at 200° C. to 250° C., wherein —a flow of product gas Ig is obtained, which —is cooled in a burner column (BK) with further quench oil, obtaining —a flow of product gas IIg cooled to 60° C. to 90° C., which —is guided into a final cooler (SK), in which a flow of product gas IIIg, cooled to 20° C. to 50° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a natural adhesive containing protein and free sugar. The natural adhesive contains allinage and aline. The natural adhesive further contains lectine.

Abstract: A method for steam reforming carbonaceous material into a synthesis gas by using a single stage process of heating the carbonaceous material in a rotary kiln at an elevated reforming temperature so that the carbonaceous material undergoes substantially complete conversion to synthesis gas or by using a dual stream, multiple-stage process of heating carbonaceous material to a reforming temperature, below that at which metallic materials will typically vaporize, to form gaseous and solid materials; further reforming the gaseous materials in a second stage reforming kiln at an elevated reforming temperature to form synthesis gas; and separating carbon char from the solid material for further processing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing synthesis gas (7) from biomass (2). The method comprises a step for producing raw product gas (3), and a purifying step comprising several processing steps performed in gas processing means (10, 12, 13, 14) for converting the raw product gas (3) to synthesis gas (7). One processing step is a carbon dioxide removal step for separating carbon dioxide from the stream of raw product gas (3) in a gas processing means comprising a gas purificator (10). The method comprises a step for feeding a stream of the carbon dioxide (9) from the gas purificator (10) to at least one part of the apparatus, said at least one part of the apparatus being selected from: the biomass supply system (4), the gasifier (6) and at least one of the gas processing means (10, 12, 13, 14).

Abstract: Provided is a liquid combustion catalyst composition comprising an ionized metal compound, and more particularly, to a liquid combustion catalyst composition comprising an ionized metal compound, in which the ionic metal compound is added to fuel burning in a combustion engine to quickly achieve a chemical thermal equilibrium condition required for the combustion of fuel such as hydrocarbon fuel, fossil fuel and biomass, and to optimize the amount of air which contains oxygen required for the equilibrium condition in terms of chemical equivalence, thereby improving thermal efficiency and the efficiency of the combustion engine so that fuel consumption for a heat source can be reduced, and optimizing the combustion performed by the combustion device by controlling the generation of sludge, clinker and fouling which may be generated due to an inorganic substance so that a combustion rate per unit area and the productivity of the combustion device can be improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to an autothermal method that is used for the continues gasification of carbon-rich substances (A) in a vertical process chamber (2) having a reduction zone (12) and an oxidation zone (6), in which the carbon-rich substances calcined in the reduction zone oxidize with oxygen-containing gas (8), wherein the gaseous reaction products (15) are drawn off at the top face of the vertical process chamber, the vertical process chamber is constructed in the form of a vertical shaft furnace, through which bulk material (3), which itself is not oxidized, flows continuously from top to bottom, wherein the carbon-rich substances are added to the bulk material before entering into the vertical process chamber.

Abstract: An integrated reforming and power generation process is provided. This process employs a steam methane reformer to provide a hot process gas stream and a flue gas stream, utilizes the hot process gas stream to provide heat to produce a total steam stream comprising a process steam stream and an excess steam stream, and utilizes the flue gas stream to provide heat to at least a pre-reformer mixture stream, a reformer feed stream, the process steam stream and a pre-reformer steam stream The flue gas stream also provides heat to an integrated power generation process, and the excess steam stream is less than 15% of the total steam stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing hydrogen and a passivating oxide using water splitting techniques is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a container filled with a passivating-oxide preventing agent that is substantially inert to water in an effective amount to prevent passivation of a solid-state material during oxidation and a means for inserting a solid-state material into the passivating-oxide preventing agent in which the solid-state material is submerged in the passivating-oxide preventing agent without being in direct contact with water. The solid-state material is capable of dissolving in the passivating-oxide preventing agent and reacting with the water. Thus, the method provides continuous dissolution of the solid-state material into the passivating-oxide preventing agent and its alloys in the presence of excess water at or near room temperature to enable continuous generation of hydrogen, passivating oxide and heat.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing synthesis gas without CO2 emissions. In the method for producing synthesis gas by reforming a hydrocarbon gas, a reforming reaction is caused by supplying a light hydrocarbon gas containing steam and/or carbon dioxide added thereto to a catalyst-filled tube side of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger-type reformer and circulating a heating medium, such as a molten salt, heated by a heat source such as solar heat or nuclear heat in a shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger-type reformer. Carbon dioxide is removed from a produced gas discharged from the tube side and is supplied to the upstream side of the tube side and recycled.

Abstract: A process to convert light hydrocarbons such as natural gas to a liquid or liquids. Vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) is used to produce a stream of relatively high purity oxygen. The relatively high purity oxygen is reacted with light hydrocarbons and steam in an autothermal reformer in order to produce synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is thereafter converted to a hydrocarbon liquid or liquids via a Fischer Tropsch or related reaction.