Abstract: A method and apparatus for ultrapurification of indium and other metals having a wide liquid range and low vapor pressure. The purification method involves producing a small-diameter stream of liquified metal, directing this stream along a predetermined path while subjecting it to a high vacuum and heating it to vaporize volatile impurities, then collecting and solidifying the purified stream. The method is optimally practiced in the ultrahigh vacuum and substantially zero gravity environment of outer space. Apparatus for practicing the method in outer space employs a containerless refining zone in which the stream of liquid metal being purified is directed along a path defined by edges of thin guides fabricated of material which is not substantially wetted by the liquid metal. Heating of the liquid metal stream is accomplished via RF coils surrounding the guides defining the stream path. Upon collection, the purified metal stream may be further subjected to a secondary refining process.

Abstract: Steel substrate with brass covering layer to enhance adhesion to rubber particularly in humid atmosphere above ambient temperature wherein said covering layer has at its surface a (Cu/Cu+Zn)-ratio of not more than 0.2 the respective Cu and Zn contents being considered in at. %. In addition the content of carbon and inorganic impurities in the brass surface layer is low. A method for producing said brass covered substrate comprises the steps of shortly heating a normal brass covered substrate at between 250.degree. and 350.degree. C. in a vacuum atmosphere.

Abstract: A powdery raw material for manufacturing an anode of a fuel cell comprises a powder of a nickel-base alloy consisting essentially of 0.5-10 percent by weight aluminum, and the balance of nickel and inevitable impurities, and having a mean grain size of 3-20 microns. The nickel-base alloy powder may contain 0.01-1.0 percent by weight oxygen, and/or may have an apparent density of 0.5-3.5 g/cm.sup.3, and a specific surface area of at least 0.12 m.sup.2 /g. Advantageously, the nickel-base alloy powder is formed by means of water-atomization under a condition that the water injection pressure is 400 Kg/cm.sup.2, and the specific water quantity is 0.02-0.2 m.sup.3 /Kg, the thus manufactured anodes exhibit initial anode characteristics as excellent as those of conventional anodes, and possess such excellent high-temperature creep strength and sintering resistance, thereby exhibiting excellent anode characteristics over a long period of time.

Abstract: A platinum article, especially an article of jewellery, has its surface region modified to improve its scratch resistance by the addition of at least one element which forms an intermetallic compound with platinum, especially aluminum and chromium. The surface region may be formed by the pack cementation chemical vapor deposition process.

Abstract: The adherence of protective chromia (chromium oxide) scales on Ni-Cr coatings is substantially improved by limiting the amount of sulfur in the coating composition to below about 5 parts per million by weight. Volatilization of the chromium oxide scale is also reduced by controlling the sulfur content. The coatings of this invention have improved resistance to oxidation and hot corrosion degradation than the coatings of the prior art.

Abstract: Band or wire shaped material consisting of a metal alloy containing at least phosphorus and tin, for example, phosphor bronze or a similar material, and comprisng an outer coating made of a tin-lead alloy. When the phosphorus content of the metal alloy ranges from 0.03 to 0.13 percent by weight, and preferably from 0.05 to 0.06 percent by weight, the tin content of the metal alloy is greater than or equal to 7 percent by weight. When the tin content amounts to less than 7 percent by weight of the metal alloy, the phosphorus content is greater than 0.13 percent by weight of the alloy, and preferably is between 0.27 and 0.35 percent by weight of the alloy.

Abstract: An apparatus for introducing gas into a molten metal bath contained within a refractory-lined vessel by the distribution of gas bubbles in the metal bath. The distribution is disbursed and covers a wide areas and mixing within the bath is improved. This is accomplished with the use of a tuyere having a plurality of passageways which cause gas passing through the tuyere to exit into the bath as a series of gas jets which exit from the tuyere at an angle to its longitudinal axis. Preferably, the passageways in the tuyere are spiral so as to produce a swirling or vortical gas motion within the bath.

Abstract: A tin-free steel gasoline tank coated with a maleic anhydride modified polypropylene or ethylene propylene impact copolymer made by reactive processing is described. The coating exhibits good adhesion to the steel and the tank is resistant to attack by gasoline-alcohol mixtures and water which may condense in the tank.

Abstract: The alloys of this invention are of low strategic element content, non-magnetic, resistant to chloride-containing solutions as well as a wide range of other chemical agents, air-meltable, castable, of greatly improved fabricability and weldability, and consist by weight percentages of from about 20.5% to about 35.5% by weight Ni, from about 23.5% to about 27.5% by weight Cr, from about 4.0% to about 6.7% by weight Mo, from about 0.7% to about 3.6% by weight Cu, up to about 0.09% by weight C, up to about 1.5% by weight Si, up to about 5% by weight Co, up to about 0.45% by weight N, up to about 1% by weight Ti, up to about 0.8% by weight Cb, and up to about 0.3% by weight Ce, La or Misch metal, up to about 2% by weight Mn, up to about 1.6% by weight Ta, and the balance essentially ironThe combined content by weight of Ni plus Co is at least about 25.5% by weight and exceeds the weight content of Cr by at least 2% but by not more than 8%.

Abstract: An injection valve which is positioned on the underneath portion of a teeming vessel is disclosed. The valve itself includes a mounting plate, and a well block nozzle which is in open communication with the metal being teemed in the vessel. Beneath the sliding injection plate a sliding plate carrier is positioned which is engaged by spring loaded rocker arms in order to maintain a compressive relationship between the sliding plate carrier, the sliding injection gate, and the stationary plate. Optionally the injection valve is fed by a plurality of injectants supplied which are adjusted by means of a control valve. In addition, wire may also be injected simultaneously with gas, or other additives. In addition, power means are provided for replacing the sliding plate carrier, and also the sliding plate. Alternatively means are provided for disengaging the rockers, and manually replacing the same.

Abstract: Provided are improved nickel-based surfacing alloys containing from about 0.2% to about 5.0% by weight of either or both hafnium and niobium to the total alloy weight and iron-based surfacing alloys containing the combination of about 1.5% to about 2.5% by weight carbon in conjunction with from about 1.0% to about 2.5.% silicon whereby both types of alloys are characterized by having reduced porosity arising during the process of depositing them in a molten state by a weld surfacing process upon a nitrogen containing steel substrate.

Abstract: An aluminum bearing alloy to which is added 3-20% by weight of tin, 0.2-2% of copper and either 0.2-1.2% of manganese or 0.1-1% of zirconium. Additionally 0.1-5% of lead and/or 1.5-8% of silicon may be added.

Abstract: A novel iron based alloy is disclosed which is characterized by high resistance to wear and corrosion. The alloy consists essentially of 0 to 40% chromium, 1 to 40% molybdenum, 1 to 15% copper, 0.2 to 5% boron, and 0.01 to 2% carbon; the balance being incidental impurities and at least 30% iron, with the molydenum being at least 10% if the boron is greater than 2%. The alloy is preferably in the form of a powder for thermal spraying, and coatings produced thereby may have an amorphous structure.

Abstract: A composite material comprising an open pore rigid foam of ceramic, metal, carbon or a plastics material and a solid filler material disposed in the cavities of the foam. The solid filler material forms areas on the surface of the composite material defined by the walls of the cavities in the foam. Depending on the material of the foam, the material filling its cavities may be a metal or a plastics material. The composite material, the production of which is also described, has aesthetic qualities which render it particularly suitable for the production of decorative articles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to copper-iron-nickel composite materials having utility in electronic applications because of their low coefficients of expansion and high thermal conductivities. Composite materials in accordance with the present invention consist essentially of about 10% to 80% copper and the balance iron plus nickel with the ratio of iron to nickel being in the range of from about 1.5:1 to about 2.0:1. Preferred composite materials have an iron to nickel ratio in the range of from about 1.6:1 to about 1.9:1.

Abstract: A method for forming monolithic structures from a plurality of aluminum or aluminum alloy sheets is provided which integrates a method for producing a selective fine grain structure in each of the sheets, with roll bonding and superplastic forming. The sheets are subjected to isothermal aging or controlled slow cooling to obtain a desired grain size in each of the respective sheets. Different heating and cooling treatments can be individually applied to each of the sheets so that the sheets can be tailored to have a fine grain or a coarser grain. Stop-off material is applied at selected areas of the sheets, and the resulting stack of sheets is subjected to cold roll bonding to bond adjacent surfaces of the sheets where stop-off material has not been applied. The roll bonding step also serves to plastically deform the sheets. The roll-bonded stack of sheets is then subjected to rapid heating for recrystallization of one or more of the sheets into a fine grain structure.

Abstract: A method of producing an alloy containing at least one major ingredient selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni) and having low contents of sulphur, oxygen, and nitrogen, comprises steps of:(a) holding a molten alloy in a container selected from the group consisting of a lime crucible, a lime crucible furnace, a converter and a ladle lined with a basic refractory consisting of 15-85% of calcium oxide (CaO), and 15-75% of magnesium oxide (MgO), wherein said alloy consists essentially of at least one major ingredient selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co);(b) adding at least one additive, based on the molten alloy, into said molten alloy in an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of a non-oxidizing atmosphere and a vacuum, wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), aluminum alloys, silicon and silicon alloys;(c) desulphurizing, deoxidizing and denitrifying said molten alloy under an atmosphere

Abstract: A corrosion resistant article comprising a refractory metal having a sulfide coating of said refractory metal formed thereon and a method for producing the same by forming on a refractory metal substrate a sulfide coating of said refractory metal. The corrosion resistant article may be provided in a composite comprising also a metal substrate.

Abstract: This invention comprises a gold alloy comprising the following ingredients substantially in the following range by weight:______________________________________ (1) gold 80 to 88% (2) nickel 3 to 6% (3) chromium 2 to 3% (4) molybdenum 0.1 to 0.4% (5) vanadium 1 to 3% (6) carbon 0.1 to 1.5% (7) tungsten 0.1 to 1.

Abstract: The apparatus for filtering scraps of light metal for regeneration thereof comprises an upper vessel having heating means for maintaining the scraps, charged therein for the filtration thereof, at a predetermined temperature so as to melt the same or for maintaining molten metal, supplied therein after having been molten, at the predetermined temperature, a lower vessel having heating means, filtering means interposed between the upper and lower vessels, temperature controlling means for both the heating means, pressurizing means connected to the upper vessel and/or depressurizing means connected to the lower vessel, and a lifting/lowering device for the upper vessel and/or a transporting device for the lower vessel. The apparatus may further comprise an inner vessel for receiving molten metal having been passed through the filter means, which is freely removably arranged in the lower vessel.