Abstract: The present invention relates to novel crystal forms of an amide prodrug of gemcitabine, compositions thereof and methods for using.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions of nicotinoyl ribosides and nicotinamide riboside derivatives and their methods of use. In some embodiments, the invention relates to methods of making nicotinoyl ribosides. In some embodiments, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and nutritional supplements containing a nicotinoyl riboside. In further embodiments, the invention relates to methods of using nicotinoyl ribosides and nicotinamide riboside derivatives that promote the increase of intracellular levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in cells and tissues for improving cell and tissue survival.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to novel macrolactams and their analogs, to processes for the preparation of these novel macrolactams, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the novel macrolactams; and to methods of using the novel macrolactams to treat or inhibit various disorders.

Abstract: The invention is directed to 3,5-disubstituted and 3,5,7-trisubstituted-3H-oxazolo and 3H-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2-one compounds and prodrugs thereof that have immunomodulatory activity. The invention is also directed to the therapeutic or prophylactic use of such compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and to methods of treating diseases and disorders described herein, by administering effective amounts of such compounds and prodrugs.

Abstract: A reactive polysaccharide derivative of formula, [Z1—B—SO2—CH2—CH2—O]n—PS—[OH]m (1), wherein 8 is a radical of formula (2a), (2b), (2c), (2d) or (2e), Z, is a reactive radical, and PS is a cyclodextrin, is useful as a finishing agent for textile fibers and for other applications.

Abstract: Glycopeptide having at least one asparagine-linked oligosaccharide at a desired position of the peptide chain obtained by: (1) esterifying hydroxyl of a resin and carboxyl of ah amino acid having amino group nitrogen protected with a fat-soluble protective group (AGFPG), (2) removing the protective group to form a free amino group, (3) amidating the free amino group and carboxyl of an amino acid having AGFPG, (4) removing the protective group, (5) repeating the steps (3) and (4), (6) amidating the free amino group and carboxyl of the asparagine portion of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide having AGFPG, (7) removing the protective group, (8) amidating the free amino group and carboxyl of an amino acid having AGFPG, (9) repeating steps (7) and (8), (10) removing the protective group, and (11) cutting off the resin with an acid; glycopeptide obtained by transferring sialic acid or a derivative thereof to the above glycopeptide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the preparation of 5-azacytidine, wherein 5-azacytidine is represented by the structure: The method involves the silylation of 5-azacytosine, followed by the coupling of silylated 5-azacytosine to a protected ?-D-ribofuranose derivative. The coupling reaction is catalyzed by trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMS-Triflate).

Abstract: Methods for reducing chronic pain caused by a disrupted spinal disc are described. In one method, a physiologically acceptable amount of an injectable is injected into the disc. The injectable is obtained from a stock solution comprising chondroitin sulphate, glucosamine HCl, aqueous solution of dextrose; sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and a buffer substance in quantity to bring the pH of the stock solution to a value above about 6.0. Water is also added to dilute the stock solution. The stock solution may further comprise an anesthetic such as bupivicaine.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing the crystals of difructose dianhydride III (DFA III), namely a indigestible disaccharide where two fructose molecules are bonded to each other at positions 1,2? and 2,3? (di-D-fructofuranose-1,2?,2,3?-dianhydride), where solutions containing DFA III are adjusted to and/or maintained at pH 5 or more, preferably pH 5 to 8, and more preferably 6 to 8. In accordance with the invention, DFA III can be produced industrially without lowering the crystal yield even when the crystallization thereof is done in a recycling system; additionally by adjusting the total fructose content in mother solutions for (crude) crystallization to 5% or less per a solid content basis and adjusting the fructose content to 1% or less, DFA III can more effectively be produced.

Abstract: Novel glycolipid derivatives, where the substituent of the sphingosine base part is a short carbon chain alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group and efficient synthetic methods for practical mass production of the same and intermediates useful for the synthesis of these compounds. Glycolipids having the formula (I): where R3 indicates a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C7 linear alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group and R8 indicates a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C35 alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group are chemically synthesized.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing pure Stavudine having purity more than 99.5% comprises: i) Converting 3?,5?-anhydrothymidine to crude Stavudine, ii) Converting crude Stavudine to stable solvates of Stavudine, iii) Desolvation of the solvates to give pure Stavudine. The present invention also disclosed novel solvates of Stavudine and conversion of novel Stavudine solvates to Stavudine.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: are described, along with pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and methods of using the compounds to prevent and to treat cancer in mammals, including humans.

Abstract: The invention relates to synthetic molecules that spontaneously and stably incorporate into lipid by-layers, including cell membranes. Particularly, although not exclusively, the invention relates to the use of these molecules as synthetic membrane anchors or synthetic molecule constructs to effect qualitative and quantitative changes in the expression of cell surface antigens.

Abstract: To control neuropathic pain produced by various mechanisms. Disclosed is a composition for elimination, relief or reduction of neuropathic pain comprising, as an active ingredient, at least one substance selected from the group consisting of D-allose, a derivative of D-allose, D-psicose and a derivative of D-psicose preferably in an amount of 0.01 to 90% by weight. The composition may comprise a mixture of D-allose and/or a derivative thereof and D-psicose and/or a derivative thereof at a ratio of 1:1 to 10:1. The neuropathic pain may be one induced by a disease selected from the group consisting of trigeminal neuralgia, postoperative pain, periodontitis, gingivitis, gingivostomatitis, oral ulcer, herpes zoster, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuritis, causalgia, phantom limb pain and malignant tumor. Also disclosed is use of the composition for elimination, relief or reduction of neuropathic pain by administering the composition to a patient with neuropathic pain in such an amount that 0.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to synthetic molecules having biological activity similar to PIM (acyl glycerol phosphatidylinositol manno-oligosaccharide) activity, for use in the treatment and prevention of inflammatory or immune cell mediated diseases or disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the selective oxidation of a carbohydrate in the presence of a gold catalyst which includes nanodispersed gold particles on a metal oxide support, to a method for the selective oxidation of an oligosaccharide in the presence of a gold catalyst which comprises nanodispersed gold particles on a carbon or metal oxide support, and to the aldonic acid oxidation products prepared by use of these methods.

Abstract: Novel processes for the purification of an imino or amino sugar, such as D-1-deoxygalactonojirimycin (DGJ). Particularly, there are described processes for the purification of multi-kilogram scale sugars using hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing polyalcohols in the form of sugar alcohols from the group comprising sorbitol and mannitol and other optional C2 to C6 polyols. According to said method, a monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide, or polysaccharide containing at least one glucose unit and/or at least one fructose unit is continuously reacted with hydrogen at an elevated temperature and at a great pressure in an aqueous phase in the presence of a hydrogenating catalyst based on ruthenium or ruthenium oxide so as to obtain the inventive polyalcohols. The minimum temperature is set at 100° C. while the minimum pressure is set at 150 bar and the maximum dwell time of the reactants during catalytic hydrogenation is set at 600 s.

Abstract: A process for producing a starch comprises treating a feed starch that comprises amylopectin with glucanotransferase to produce a chain-extended starch, and treating the chain-extended starch with a debranching enzyme to produce a starch product that comprises amylose fragments. At least about 38% by weight of the amylose fragments have a degree of polymerization (DP) of at least about 35.

Abstract: Compounds that are adjuvants and immunoeffectors are described and claimed. The compounds augment antibody production in immunized animals as well as stimulate cytokine production and activate macrophages. Compositions and methods for using the compounds as adjuvants and immunoeffectors are also disclosed.