Abstract: Disclosed are polysaccharides containing residues of glucosamine or galactosamine in the repetitive unit, characterized by the presence of esters on the hydroxyls or amides on the amine functions, with lipoic acid or with mixtures of lipoic acid and formic acid.

Abstract: The present invention has objects to provide a glucan useful as water-soluble dietary fiber, its preparation and uses. The present invention solves the above objects by providing a branched ?-glucan, which is constructed by glucose molecules and characterized by methylation analysis as follows: (1) Ratio of 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4,5-triacetyl-glucitol to 2,3,4-trimethyl-1,5,6-triacetyl-glucitol is in the range of 1:0.6 to 1:4; (2) Total content of 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4,5-triacetyl-glucitol and 2,3,4-trimethyl-1,5,6-triacetyl-glucitol is 60% or higher in the partially methylated glucitol acetates; (3) Content of 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-triacetyl-glucitol is 0.5% or higher but less than 10% in the partially methylated glucitol acetates; and (4) Content of 2,4-dimethyl-1,3,5,6-tetraacetyl-glucitol is 0.5% or higher in the partially methylated glucitol acetates; a novel ?-glucosyltransferase which forms the branched ?-glucan, processes for producing them, and their uses.

Abstract: A method of crystallization is provided. The method includes providing a solution comprising a solute dissolved in a first solvent. The method includes providing a dispersion comprising a plurality of nanoparticles in a second solvent. The first solvent and the second solvent are mutually miscible. The method includes combining the solution and the dispersion to form a mixture. The nanoparticles remain dispersed in the mixture and the solute remains dissolved in the mixture at or below a saturation concentration. The method includes cooling the mixture such that the solute exceeds the saturation concentration forming crystals in the presence of the dispersed nanoparticles. The method includes separating the crystals from the mixture, wherein the nanoparticles remain dispersed in the mixture.

Abstract: A method for converting a carbohydrate to a furan in a polar aprotic solvent in the presence of a chloride, bromide, or iodide salt or a mixture thereof and optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, a metal halide catalyst and/or an ionic liquid (up to 40 wt %). The method can be employed in particular to produce furfural or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to novel biocompatible crosslinked polysaccharide gel compositions, methods of their manufacture and use, and the novel crosslinkers used to make them. In one aspect of the invention, a novel polyethylene glycol crosslinking agent is described for crosslinking hyaluronic acid. In another aspect of the invention, novel crosslinking agents comprising more than two functional groups are described. These multifunctional crosslinking agents can be used on their own to crosslink hyaluronic acid, or they may be combined with bifunctional crosslinking agents in varying ratios to make hyaluronic acid of tunable mechanical strength and hardness. The present invention also discloses novel hyaluronic acid compositions that have been coated with polyethylene glycol and methods of their use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for synthesizing macrolide compounds which are known to have antibacterial activity, and are useful in the therapy of bacterial infections in mammals. More specifically, the invention relates to methods for synthesizing the macrolide antibiotic, gamithromycin utilizing a novel configuration of catalysts, chemical structures, and/or methods. An embodiment of the present invention may include allowing multiple chemical reactions to proceed without the isolation of chemical intermediates. Thus, multiple reactions may occur in one reaction vessel allowing for a considerable decrease in the cycle-time. The present invention also provides a novel method for inhibiting degradation while isolating a structure of a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: Methods for depolymerizing polysaccharides are disclosed. In certain exemplary methods, polysaccharides having a first average molecular weight can be reacted with hydroxyl free radicals to produce polysaccharides having a second average molecular weight lower than the first average molecular weight. The hydroxyl free radicals can be formed by interaction of an oxidant with a catalyst comprising a polydentate ligand complexed with a metal ion. In certain exemplary embodiments, the oxidant can be hydrogen peroxide, and the catalyst can be iron methylglycine diacetate or iron-2,3,4,5,6 pentahydroxyhexanoate.

Abstract: A process for producing the crystals of difructose dianhydride III (DFA III), namely a indigestible disaccharide where two fructose molecules are bonded to each other at positions 1, 2? and 2,3? (di-D-fructofuranose-1,2?:2,3?-dianhydride), where solutions containing DFA III are adjusted to and/or maintained at pH 5 or more, preferably pH 5 to 8, and more preferably 6 to 8. DFA III can be produced industrially without lowering the crystal yield even when the crystallization thereof is done in a recycling system; additionally by adjusting the total fructose content in mother solutions for (crude) crystallization to 5% or less per a solid content basis and adjusting the fructose content to 1% or less, DFA III can more effectively be produced.

Abstract: Glycolipids of branched chain alkyl oligosaccharides according to this patent comprise of a primary alcohol branched in the 2-position and an oligosaccharide, covalently bond to the alcohol in either ?- or ?-linkage (shown in Formula I and Formula II). These compounds show particularly interesting phase behavior not found for the corresponding straight chain counterparts. The properties involve an ambient temperature liquid crystalline appearance and thermotropic liquid crystal phase polymorphism. Upon the latter, the formation of cubic phases is considered most interesting with respect to life science applications, e.g. liposome for drug delivery. Depending on the choice of sugar head group and alkyl tail, various levels of water miscibility may be adjusted to meet applications requirements (complete solubility for emulsifier applications, e.g. cosmetic creams, to limited water swelling only, e.g. for the preparation of artificial membranes).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing water-treatment particles comprises respectively preparing a particle-fabricating solution that comprises chitinous composition and a forming solution first. Next, a complex solution is prepared by adding calcium sulfite into the particle-fabricating solution. Finally, the complex solution is pumped into the forming solution to form water-treatment particles. In addition, water-treatment particles manufactured by the method above are also disclosed in the specification.

Abstract: A galactosamine derivative represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1, R2 and R5 each independently represents SO3? or H, and at least one of them represents SO3?; R3 represents H, acetyl or SO3?; R4 represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group; X represents O, S, NH or CH2; and represents an ? bond or a ? bond, and a sulfotransferase inhibitor comprising the derivative.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition, for human and veterinary use, that may be used to induce, potentiate and normalise the various phases of the tissue repair process triggered following ulceration and wounding—either involving the loss of matter or not—of neurogenic, vasogenic or traumatic origin, even in cases where the lesions are directly or indirectly associated with underlying systemic pathologies. Particularly, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an N-acyl derivative of an amino alcohol belonging to the ALIAmides class of molecules, a polyhydroxy alcohol and trans-traumatic acid or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for synthesizing sucralose, which comprises reacting sucrose with acetic anhydride in the solvent of a N-amide compound in the presence of an organic complex alkali metal salt catalyst to produce sucrose-6-acetate, and then chlorinating and deacetylating the sucrose-6-acetate to give sucralose. The present invention also discloses a process for purifying sucralose, which comprises purifying crude sucralose with one or more organic solvents to obtain purified sucralose.

Abstract: This invention describes processes for the convergent synthesis of calicheamicin derivatives, and similar analogs using bifunctional and trifunctional linker intermediates.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for making a thermally inhibited polysaccharide by dehydrating a polysaccharide to substantially anhydrous or anhydrous conditions and thermally inhibiting the substantially anhydrous or anhydrous polysaccharide at a temperature of 100° C. or greater for a time sufficient to inhibit the polysaccharide in an oxygen enriched concentration of at least 6.5 moles/m3.

Abstract: Provided herein are alkoxy-carbonyl-amino-alkynyl-adenosine compounds and derivatives thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same that are selective agonists of A2A adenosine receptors (ARs). These compounds and compositions are useful as pharmaceutical agents.

Abstract: As described herein, the present invention provides methods for preparing compounds useful for treating or lessening the severity of a neurodegenerative disorder. The present invention also provides methods of treating or lessening the severity of such disorders wherein said method comprises administering to a patient a compound of the present invention, or composition thereof. Said method is useful for treating or lessening the severity of, for example, Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method for crystallizing sucralose, which uses an alcohol solvent or a mixed solvent of alcohol and other solvent(s) in the crystallization of sucralose.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of Caralluma extract which includes shade-drying of Caralluma plant material; ii) treating the dried Caralluma plant material by at least one operation selected from a group consisting of sorting, cleaning and sizing to obtain Caralluma plant material meant for extraction or any combination thereof; iii) extracting the Caralluma plant material with a first solvent for at least two initial iterations followed by at least two subsequent iterations with a second solvent at controlled temperature to obtain a diluted extract; iv) removing the solvent from the diluted extract by distillation at a temperature below about 40° C. to obtain a concentrate; v) chilling the concentrate at a temperature of about 6 to about 10° C. for a period of about 7 to about 8 hours to obtain a chilled concentrate; vi) filtering the chilled concentrate to obtain a filtrate; vii) concentrating the filtrate at a temperature below about 60° C.

Abstract: Acid polysaccharides characterized by the concomitant presence of partial esters with non-polysaccharide carboxylic acids and esters between the acid groups of the initial polysaccharide and the alcohol groups of the repetitive units, with the formation of crosslinking among the polysaccharide chains.