Abstract: There is disclosed herein a method for detecting a ground fault in an energy storage system comprising at least one string having a plurality of energy storage modules. The string is connected between a first direct current (DC) pole and a second DC pole. The first DC pole and the second DC pole are connected to an AC side through a respective converter. The method comprises determining a first co-phasal harmonic component based on at least one phase-to-ground voltage measured at the AC side, determining a second co-phasal harmonic component based on at least one pole-to-ground voltage measured at the DC side, and determining presence of a ground fault if the first co-phasal harmonic component increases and/or the second co-phasal harmonic component decreases. There is also disclosed herein a control unit and an energy storage system.

Abstract: A current transformer for a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) can include a core having a closed loop shape having a first side, a second side, and a core opening, and a sense coil wrapped around the core configured to magnetically couple to a plurality of conductors passing through the core opening. The current transformer can include a first magnetic shield disposed on the first side of the core over the sense coil, and a second magnetic shield disposed on a second side of the core over the sense coil.

Abstract: A sensor calibration system includes a controller configured to receive a first electrical output generated by a sensor while submitted to a first input condition and a second electrical output generated by the sensor while submitted to a second input condition. The first and second electrical outputs represent lower and upper limits, respectively, of a sensor measurement range. The controller obtains a first reference value that corresponds to the lower limit and a second reference value that corresponds to the upper limit, and determines a drift function of the sensor based on a value of the first electrical output, a value of the second electrical output, the first reference value, and the second reference value. The controller inputs a value of a raw electrical output generated by the sensor into the drift function to determine an adjusted value of the raw electrical output.

Abstract: A process for detecting degradation of a switching device including an electromagnetic actuator configured to unlock a control mechanism including an elastic member.

Abstract: A method for detecting a short circuit of a semiconductor switch element in an inverter comprises comprising a plurality of semiconductor switch elements forming a high side and a low side, wherein the high and low sides comprise respective semiconductor switch elements connected in parallel, and the high and low sides are connected in parallel to form an intermediate circuit capacitor. The method includes measuring an intermediate circuit voltage applied to the intermediate circuit capacitor; determining an intermediate circuit capacitance of the intermediate circuit capacitor; determining a short circuit resistance of the inverter; ascertaining a time constant from the intermediate circuit capacitance and the short circuit resistance, by multiplying the intermediate circuit capacitance by the short circuit resistance; ascertaining a change in the measured intermediate circuit voltage within the ascertained time constant to calculate a change rate; and comparing the change rate with a first threshold.

Abstract: A power supply monitoring circuit monitors an in-vehicle power supply in an ECU. The ECU has power supply circuits powered by the in-vehicle power supply through a power supply line and supplying power to a downstream load. The power supply monitoring circuit includes a voltage supply monitoring circuit and a control circuit. The power supply line is commonly connected to the in-vehicle power supply and the power supply circuits by having a branching node where the power supply line is branched out from the in-vehicle power supply to the power supply circuits. The voltage monitoring circuit monitors the in-vehicle power supply by monitoring the power supply line. The control circuit controls the power supply circuits or a device powered by the power supply circuits to discharge operational charges remained in the power supply circuits or the device.

Abstract: Vehicle ground connection diagnostic apparatus including voltage sensors for sensing the voltage on each of a plurality of ground connector lines, each providing a conduction path from an electronic control unit to ground. A plurality of switches is associated with a respective ground connector line and are controllable for switching between a connected state and a disconnected state. A controller controls the plurality of switches and identifies a ground connection fault based on identifying a change in sensed voltage characteristics on one of the ground connection lines between condition (a) when the switches are in a connected state and condition (b) when the switch for the one ground connection line is in the connected state and the or all switches for the or all other ground connection lines are in a disconnected state.

Abstract: The application discloses an insulation detection method and apparatus for a conversion system, the conversion system including: a converter module including n conversion units, where n?1, each of the n conversion units including a transformer including a primary winding and a secondary winding; and a connection element connected between the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer; the insulation detection method including: controlling at least one switch of the converter module to turn on; detecting signals that reflect a current flowing through the connection element; and processing the signal and outputting insulation information, wherein the insulation information represents an insulation state of the conversion system.

Abstract: A sensor includes a tweezer source configured to manipulate a defect nanoparticle in a liquid to a desired position in an enclosure containing the liquid and a light source configured to optically excite the defect nanoparticle in the liquid at the desired position. The sensor also includes a radio frequency (RF) excitation source configured to RF excite the defect nanoparticle in the liquid at the desired position and an optical detector configured to receive an optical signal emitted from the optically excited defect nanoparticle.

Abstract: An electronic device for inspecting a cable, and an inspection method are disclosed. The electronic device for inspecting a cable, according to an embodiment, comprises: a main substrate; an input substrate; and an output substrate, wherein the main substrate comprises: a first selector including a plurality of first pins; a second selector including a plurality of second pins; a processor; and a power supply for supplying power to the electronic device, and the processor may be configured to: identify a fastening relationship of the cable connected to the electronic device, determine a pin map including information about shorting or opening of the first pins and the second pins on the basis of the fastening relationship, determine shorting or opening of the first pins and the second pins using the pin map, and determine the state of the cable according to the determination result.

Abstract: A current sensor includes a bus bar, a core having a core hole, a gap forming portion, a core lateral portion, and a core bottom portion, a detection unit. The detection unit is located in a gap. A magnetic permeability of the core lateral portion is different from a magnetic permeability of the core bottom portion.

Abstract: A junction box comprises parallel-connected switches comprising at least a first switch and a second switch. A first current sensor senses current through the first switch. A second current sensor senses current through the second switch. A controller is in communication with the first and second current sensors. The controller modifies operation of the junction box in response to detecting at least one of the switches is failed. The controller detects that one of the first switch and the second switch is failed when the current through the first switch and the current through the second switch are unbalanced.

Abstract: A semiconductor device structure and methodology for determining a power consumption of the device structure and to extract accurate real temperatures due to self-heating effects. The semiconductor device structure includes a first transistor device formed as a heater device and an adjacent device such as a second transistor device or a semiconductor junction device. In the method, the first transistor device is operable at different operating states (e.g., off state or at different applied power levels), and at each state, an electrical characteristic is measured at the adjacent second transistor device or junction device. The electrical characteristic measured at the adjacent second semiconductor device is correlated to a power consumption of the first device while excluding a power consumption due to voltage drops due to resistance of connected metal layers, vias or contacts.

Abstract: An electric current sensor device includes a first detector including first and second magnetic detection elements that detect magnetism generated by a current flowing through a first conductor, the first detector detecting a current of the first conductor based on results of the elements, and a second detector including third and fourth detection elements that detect magnetism generated by the second conductor, the second detector detecting a current of the second conductor based on results of the third and fourth elements. The first conductor includes a first wide portion with a first width through which a current flows in a first direction, and a first narrow portion through which a current flows in a second direction, whose width is a second width narrower than the first, and the first and second elements are arranged in a stacking direction of the first narrow portion, and side by side along the surface.

Abstract: A method for measuring the phase jitter and phase noise of a signal-under-test (SUT) includes providing first and second oscilloscopes each having a timebase reference oscillator, the timebase reference oscillator of each of the first and second oscilloscopes configured to generate a timebase reference signal of a given output frequency. The method further comprises phase-locking the timebase reference oscillators of the first and second oscilloscopes together, applying the SUT to an input channel of the first oscilloscope and to an input channel of the second oscilloscope, and generating a first phase jitter measurement of the SUT using the first oscilloscope and generating a second phase jitter measurement of the SUT using the second oscilloscope. The method still further includes obtaining the phase noise of the SUT from the first and second phase jitter measurements to obtain the phase noise of the SUT.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes techniques and designs that may be implemented for improving current transformer accuracy (e.g., while reducing additional complexity and costs). In some aspects, described embodiments may implement usage of a current mirror to reduce current transformer error. Additionally or alternatively, some described embodiments may implement Hall-effect sensors (e.g., in place of conventional first stages in a two-stage current transformer design). Such embodiments, as well as other described embodiments, may improve accuracy of current transformers in a more efficient manner (e.g., current transformer accuracy may be improved while reducing or minimizing additional complexity, costs, etc.).

Abstract: The occurrence of a ground fault can be detected more accurately. A ground fault detection device is for detecting a ground fault in a conductive path for supply of power from a first power source to a second load in an in-vehicle system. The ground fault detection device includes a voltage detection unit that detects a voltage value of the conductive path, a current detection unit that detects a current value of the conductive path, and a control unit that determines whether or not a ground fault occurred in the conductive path, based on an evaluation value that increases as the voltage value detected by the voltage detection unit decreases, and based on the current value detected by the current detection unit.

Abstract: An electromagnetically induced grating-based electric field detection system and method are provided, which enable the creation of an electromagnetically induced transparency grating using a low-wavelength laser and enables real-time electromagnetic wave measurement by avoiding the frequency reprocessing of the signal that is essential in the existing Rydberg atom-based electric field measurement technology. The detection system may include a vapor cell; an irradiation light source which irradiates irradiation light to be incident on the vapor cell; a combined light source which irradiates combined light to be incident on the vapor cell; a reflector which reflects the combined light that has passed through the vapor cell and makes it incident on the vapor cell; an electromagnetic wave generator which generates an electromagnetic wave to be incident on one side surface of the vapor cell; and a reflected light detector which detects a reflected light released from the vapor cell.

Abstract: A first insulation resistance monitoring circuit includes a first resistor connected between a positive terminal of a battery pack and a node, and connected between the positive terminal of the battery pack and a ground terminal of an external device, and has a first monitoring terminal. A second insulation resistance monitoring circuit is connected between the ground terminal and the negative terminal of the battery pack, and has a second monitoring terminal. A voltage monitoring circuit is connected between the node and the negative terminal of the battery pack, and has a third monitoring terminal. A processor measures the voltage of the battery pack.

Abstract: A charger, a charging control circuit, and a method for controlling a charger. The charger includes a housing, a knob, a knob detection structure, a main control board, a display, and a charging control unit. The knob detection structure is configured to detect at least rotation parameters of the knob, and the rotation parameters include at least one of a rotation angle and a rotation direction. The main control board is configured to control the charging control unit to operate according to at least the rotation parameters, and the main control board is further configured to control the display to display charging information of the charging control unit.