Abstract: The invention relates to a composition based on stabilized methylene chloride composed essentially of at least one 1,2-epoxyalkane and of at least one acetal, and no nitroalkane.The composition according to the invention can be used for degreasing, cleaning and/or drying metal components.

Abstract: Process for the hydrofluorination of chloro(fluoro)butane of general formula C.sub.4 H.sub.5 Cl.sub.x F.sub.5-x in which x=1 to 5, by means of hydrogen fluoride and in the presence of a catalyst chosen from the derivatives of metals of groups IIIa, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb and VIb of the Periodic Table of the elements.

Abstract: Novel lactams and processes for the preparation of chiral compounds having utility as intermediates in the synthesis of compounds with Central Nervous System stimulant activity.

Abstract: The invention is an immunomodulator-antistressant and allows to protect immune system from depressive influence of chronic emotional stress with this preventing depression in 1.25-2.5 times of immune reaction. It intensifies humoral immune reaction in 1.9-2.3 times and stimulates phagocyte activity of macrophages in 1.3-1.85 times which is especially important for treatment of immunodeficiency states.With the presence of pathological increased immune reaction (autoimmune diseases--rheumatic arthritis, non-specific ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, chronic glomerulonephritis, etc.) it normalises it, suppressing the progress of humoral immune reaction in 4.7-11.8 times.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropene comprises the steps of adding 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropionic acid under the presence of metal carbonate and/or metal hydrogencarbonate in an aprotic solvent at reaction temperature particularly from 40.degree. C. to 80.degree. C., of refining resulting reaction products to obtain 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropene, and further of coexisting a desiccating agent therein.According to the method, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropene can be manufactured through industrially efficient and cost-effective way using 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropionic acid as a raw material.

Abstract: A method for the production of vinyl chloride monomer by catalytic oxychlorination of ethane wherein HCl is supplied in excess of the stiochiometric requirement for chlorine in the reaction.

Abstract: A novel process for producing a biaryl compound represented by formula (III), which is useful as a medicine, an agricultural chemical and an electrooptical liquid-crystal display material:Ar--Ar' (III)(wherein Ar and Ar' each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group) which comprises the steps of (i) reacting a trialkoxysilyl-substituted aromatic compound represented by formula (I):Ar--Si(OR).sub.3 (I)(wherein Ar has the same meaning as defined above and R represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms) with a fluoride ion source in the presence of a solvent, and then (ii) adding thereto an aromatic compound represented by formula (II):X--Ar' (II)(wherein X represents an eliminating group and Ar' has the same meaning as defined above) and a catalyst comprising a transition metal of tenth group to conduct a further reaction.

Abstract: A process for the removal of (cyclo)aliphatic hexene and hexadiene isomers from allyl chloride, characterized by a chlorination step which is performed in the liquid phase.

Abstract: A process for the epoxidation of olefins comprises contacting the olefin with urea-hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a rhenium oxide catalyst in an organic solvent.

Abstract: The presence of a base in the reaction mixture in a metal-ligand catalyzed partial oxidation of alkanes results in sustained catalyst activity, and in greater percent conversion as compared with oxidation in the absence of base, while maintaining satisfactory selectivity for the desired oxidation, for example the oxidation of isobutane to isobutanol.

Abstract: A synthetic method for making pyridin-propyl-sulphobetaine, without any risks for the human beings and the environment is described. It comprises reacting a pyridine substituted alkyldihalogenide and then sulphonating in water with an alkylhalogenide solvent, so as to provide pyridin-propyl-sulphobetaine which can be separated from water leaving therein water the halogenides.

Abstract: This invention relates to isoxazoline compounds which are selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE.sub.IV). The isoxazoline compounds are useful in inhibiting PDE.sub.IV and in the treatment of AIDS, asthma, arthritis, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, psoriasis, allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, shock, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions useful therefor.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) or salts thereof ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 -R.sup.4, W, A, n and m are as defined in claim 1, for exampleR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are H, (substituted) alkyl, (substituted) alkenyl or alkynyl, (substituted) cycloalkyl, (substituted) aryl or acyl andA is (substituted) pyrimidinyl or triazinylare suitable as selective sulfonylurea herbicides and plant growth regulators.(I) is prepared analogously to known processes via intermediates, some of which are novel, for example via suitably substituted pyridylsulfonamides (II) and N-tert-butylsulfonamides (VIII) as claimed in claim 5.

Abstract: Improved double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts useful for making epoxide polymers are disclosed. One catalyst is a paste of a double metal cyanide (DMC) compound, an organic complexing agent, and water. The paste comprises at least about 90 wt. % of particles having a particle size within the range of about 0.1 to about 10 microns as measured by light scattering in polyether polyol dispersions of the catalyst particles. Preferred catalysts have a bimodal particle size distribution. The paste catalyst is more active and simpler to prepare than powder DMC catalysts. Polyols made from the paste catalyst have low unsaturations, low viscosities, and narrow molecular weight distributions, and are useful in making a variety of polyurethane products.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a) in a liquid phase by contacting chloroethene and hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a tin tetrahalide catalyst. The ability to reduce tar formation and increase volumetric productivity is also disclosed.

Abstract: 2,2,3-trichloro-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane is used as a raw material, to which not less than 4.5 equivalent parts of hydrogen are added to effect a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a noble metal catalyst, particularly a palladium catalyst, by the vapor phase method to manufacture 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane. Further, propane, propene, and hexachloropropene, etc. are chlorofluorinated in the presence of a metal catalyst to produce 2,2,3-trichloro-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, then this compound is reduced with hydrogen in the presence of a noble metal catalyst to produce 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane. 2,2,3-trichloro-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane can thus be efficiently and economically produced.

Abstract: A process for carrying out a chemical equilibrium reaction is disclosed in which, in a first stage, one or more reactants are contacted with a fixed arrangement of a catalyst under conditions such that the reactants and the products of the reaction are gaseous, the unconverted reactants and products of the first stage being passed to a second stage, in which they are contacted with a fixed arrangement of a catalyst and the reaction allowed to proceed in the presence of an absorbent capable of absorbing a product of the reaction.

Abstract: An object is to effectively preparing a fluorinated compound by developing a catalyst which is effective in the fluorination of a halogenated alkane or alkene with hydrogen fluoride by a gas phase fluorination or addition of hydrogen fluoride. To this end, a catalyst which comprises a least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Zr, Mo, Ge, Sn and Pb, and alumina, aluminum fluoride or partially fluorinated alumina is used. This catalyst is prepared by an impregnation method to support the above element on alumina and the like, or a precipitation method in which the catalyst is co-precipitated from a solution containing an aluminum compound and a compound of the above element.

Abstract: Singlet oxygen quenchers containing as an active component a compound represented by the following formula or (2): ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.10 and n are as described herein, and external compositions containing these compounds are provided for the prevention and treatment of various forms of damage to living bodies caused by singlet oxygen, and are thus quite useful as antiinflammation agents, anti-aging agents, agents preventing darkening of the skin, agents preventing protein denaturation, inhibitors against formation of sunburn cells, agents preventing lipid peroxidation, agents preventing DNA damage, and particularly in the fields of medicines and cosmetics as external compositions for the skin.

Abstract: A suitably functionalized cycloaliphatic nitrile oxide can be used to convert unsaturated sites to alcohol or epoxy sites. The cycloaliphatic nitrile oxide may be useful in applications such as the preparation of polycarbonates, polyurethanes, or crosslinked polybutadiene, or poly(styrene-butadiene). The cycloaliphatic nitrile oxide is represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R' and each R are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, or halo; X and X' are independently hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, or together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an epoxy group, with the proviso that at least one of X and X' is not hydrogen; and n is 1 or 2.