Abstract: A method for reclaiming aluminum scrap containing thermal barrier material in a non-polluting manner comprising the steps of comminuting the scrap to relatively short pieces, conveying the comminuted scrap to a storage hopper, feeding the comminuted aluminum scrap product to a fluidized bed furnace, heating the scrap to a predetermined temperature for a sufficient amount of time to reduce the thermal barrier material and any other undesirable material in the scrap to combustible gas and cinder to produce a satisfactory aluminum melt furnace feed product, and then feeding the treated scrap product to an aluminum melt furnace and further processing. The method may be either a batch one or a continuous one.

Abstract: A metallurgical molten-metal runner has a support trough, a trough-shaped temperature-equalizing layer received in and lining the trough, a system for cooling the layer isothermally to about 100.degree. C., a permanent refractory outer lining received in and lining the layer, and a renewable refractory inner lining received in and lining the outer lining and in direct contact with molten metal in the runner. The layer is of greater thermal conductivity than the linings. The cooling system includes conduits in heat-conducting engagement with the layer and an arrangement for circulating a coolant through the conduits. Water or, for safety's sake, oil can be used as the coolant, normally in liquid state to keep the layer below 100.degree. C. The layer according to this invention has a coefficient of thermal conductivity greater than 10 Kcal/M.multidot..degree.C..multidot.h, preferably above 25 Kcal/m.multidot..degree.C..multidot.h and can be composed principally of silicon carbide, semigraphite, or graphite.

Abstract: A gas mixture obtained from reduction of material containing zinc oxide in a furnace, is cleaned from accompanying vapor of metals or compounds having a boiling point higher than zinc and from accompanying dust particles by cooling the hot gas mixture to almost the saturation temperature of zinc vapor by the introduction therein of solid or liquid metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing lead having a sulphur content beneath about 2%, from sulphur-containing oxidic lead raw materials contaminated with zinc and/or other readily oxidized elements, by smelting the materials in a furnace in which the furnace contents can be agitated. When practicing the method, the lead raw materials are charged to the furnace together with iron-containing fluxes and solid reduction agents. The charged materials are heated under agitation, to form a lead phase and a slag phase. The amount of reduction agent charged is selected so that at least all the lead contained in the furnace is reduced to lead metal and the amount and composition of the fluxes are selected so that a terminal slag is obtained in which the sum of the iron and zinc present is 30-40%, and so that the slag has a content of 15-25% of both SiO.sub.2 and CaO+MgO.

Abstract: Ti and V impurities are removed from molten aluminium by adding a boron-bearing substance and agitating the aluminium in the presence of a dispersed chloride and/or fluoride flux active for fluxing (Ti,V)B.sub.2 particles. It is preferred to perform the process by stirring the molten aluminium to generate a vortex, into which aluminium fluoride is introduced as a fluxing agent and for reaction with any alkali metal impurity present in the molten metal. The alkali metal fluoaluminate thus generated assists the fluxing of the (Ti,V)B.sub.2, as does any cell electrolyte present in the molten aluminium.

Abstract: A process for the production of high purity metals or metallic alloys comprises the steps of:(a) producing a metal or metallic alloy, the non-metallic inclusions of which are, preferably, easily reducible oxides of the base metal;(b) milling the metal or metallic alloy thus obtained and agglomerating the milled metal or metallic alloy with an agglomerating agent and a reducing agent, so as to form balls; and(c) subjecting the balls to a reducing treatment under regulated conditions of reduced pressure and elevated temperature, at which the reducing agent acts on the non-metallic inclusions while substantial sublimation of the alloying metal or metals is avoided.The invention is particularly applicable to the production of high purity chromium.

Abstract: In a melting/gasifying furnace including a coke-filled layer, coal is gasified by oxygen blown through tuyeres into a hot reducing gas which is caused to ascend through the coke-filled layer so as to melt reduced iron supported on the top of the coke-filled layer. The resulting molten iron flows down through the coke-filled layer, and is collected in the lowermost region of the coke-filled layer and discharged therefrom, while the hot gas is recovered. The thus recovered gas is fed into a shaft reduction furnace to reduce iron ores, and the thus formed reduced iron is supplied into the melting/gasifying furnace. In addition to the coal, a variety of fuels mainly comprising carbon and hydrogen such as heavy oil, natural gas, etc. are used for gasification. The fuel is blown through the tuyeres and/or charged through middle openings disposed above the tuyeres.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for selectively connecting a gas supply to a vessel employed to contain molten metal. Generally stated, the apparatus includes a sealer plate connected to an external portion of the vessel to receive the gas and direct it into a fluid conduit that is in fluid communication with a selected interior portion of the vessel. A seal holder disposed in approximate alignment with the sealer plate receives the gas from the gas supply and directs it toward the sealer plate. A spacing mechanism interposed between the seal holder and the sealer plate maintains a selected spaced distance therebetween and delimits the side walls of a substantially sealed gas conduit chamber when the sealer plate and the seal holder simultaneously contact opposite end portions of the side walls defined by the spacing means. The conduit chamber is thereby configured to conduct the gas directed from the seal holder toward and into the sealer plate.

Abstract: An improved flux used for the recovery of metallic aluminum from dross in a reverberatory furnace. The flux is an alloyed mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride in approximately equal parts by weight which has been preheated and then cooled to form an alloyed mixture. A small amount of cryolite can be added to the liquid mixture before cooling to improve the recovery of metal obtained than when the salt and potash flux mixture is used alone.

Abstract: Magnesium is produced by a thermal reduction process in a reaction-condensation system having a reaction zone and a condensation zone. According to this process, a reducing agent containing a mixture of ferrosilicon and at least 25 wt. % aluminum skim is contacted or reacted in the reaction zone with a calcium-silicon-aluminum-magnesium oxide slag to produce magnesium vapor. The magnesium vapor is transported from the reaction zone to the condensation zone and condensed therein.

Abstract: A continuous process is disclosed for the recovery of an aluminum alloy from aluminum scrap containing more than one alloy. The recovery is made in a manner which will conserve energy. The process comprises providing a feedstock containing at least two components therein comprised of different aluminum alloys, the components having at least parts thereof joined to each other. The feedstock is treated to cause the joined components to become detached from each other. One of the detached components is separated from the remainder of the feedstock, melted and thereafter continuously cast without substantially upgrading the composition thereof to provide a cast alloy having a composition substantially the same as that from which the separated component was fabricated. The treating may be accomplished by heating the feedstock to a temperature sufficiently high to render fracture sensitive the component having the lowest incipient melting temperature.

Abstract: A highly compact and efficient tilting crucible furnace and smelting method is disclosed for use in the direct smelting of a precious metal containing material. A furnace body having a refractory lined cavity which has a top opening is pivotally mounted on a support frame to allow tipping thereof. A cover having a first opening to receive a gas burner and a second multi-purpose opening therein is rigidly attached to the body. A gas burner attached to the cover provides a downwardly directed oxidizing flame into the cavity to oxidize iron which is added to the cavity and other impurities in the precious metal containing material. A flux is provided to provide a thoroughly liquid mixture and after heating, the molten mass is poured through the multi-purpose cover opening into a mold. As the mold cools, a dore button of precious metal settles to the bottom of the mold and slag containing impurities forms on the top.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method of removing tin from lead. The method comprises maintaining a pool of molten lead at a temperature of from 510.degree. C. to 570.degree. C., introducing molten lead into the pool, injecting chlorine and oxygen into the molten lead in an amount to react with tin present as an impurity in the lead to form a tin-containing dross and then separating the lead from the dross.Separation may either be performed in the reaction vessel itself or in a separate settlement vessel.

Abstract: In the thermal ageing of extruded sections of age-hardenable aluminum alloys the sections are progressed through a system having an initial low temperature zone and a subsequent high temperature zone. In order to secure uniform ageing the sections are progressed in a direction transverse to their length and conveniently are arranged in a single layer and spaced apart to ensure acceptably uniform rate of heating to ageing temperature.

Abstract: A chromium-nickel-silicon-manganese steel alloy consisting essentially of about 1.0% maximum carbon, from 10% to about 16% manganese, about 0.07% maximum phosphorus, about 0.1% maximum sulfur, 4% to 6% silicon, 4% to 6% chromium, 4% to about 6% nickel, about 0.05% maximum nitrogen, and balance essentially iron. Preferred embodiments exhibit excellent galling resistance, metal-to-metal wear resistance, high impact strength, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A method of reducing iron oxide by induction heating.

Abstract: A gas injection nozzle design for use in a swirling tank reactor used in the degassing of molten metal with a fluxing gas. The nozzle design eliminates metal leakage from the reactor around the nozzle tip and gas leakage within the fluxing gas delivery line. The nozzle tip is provided with an orifice profile consisting of a straight hole opening of constant diameter or consisting of a converging-diverging profile.

Abstract: The invention provides a filter apparatus and method for removing inclusions from a molten metal alloy and includes a container having an inlet portion and an outlet portion. A filter bed is located within said container, interposed between said container inlet and said container outlet, and is comprised of a plurality of filter zones arranged in progressive layers. Each of the filter zones contains particles of filter material within a preselected size range, and the filter zones are successively arranged to selectively locate the largest filter particles at the container outlet and the smallest filter particles at the container inlet. Molten metal alloy is filtered by passing it through the filter bed.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell having an oxidizable active anode material, a cathode current collector, and an electrolytic solution comprising a reducible liquid cathode material and an electrolyte solute dissolved therein. The cathode current collector includes a mixture of carbon and copper sulfide on a conductive substrate.

Abstract: A method of cooling band or hoop steels with hollow cooling rolls through which a cooling medium flows to absorb the heat of the steel strips trained about and in contact with the hollow cooling rolls, thereby cooling the steel strips. According to the invention this method is carried out so as to fulfil the following equation (1) with the cooling roll having a diameter D>600 mm when a thickness h of the steel strip is within 0.2.ltoreq.h<0.6 mm,.DELTA.T.sub.S <0.65.multidot..sigma..sub.T.sup.1.5 .multidot..theta..multidot.h.sup.-0.75 (1)and so as to fulfil the following equation (2) with the cooling roll having a diameter D>1,000 mm when a thickness h of the steel strip is within 0.6 mm.ltoreq.h,.DELTA.T.sub.S <1.05.multidot..sigma..sub.T.sup.1.5 .multidot..theta..multidot.h.sup.-0.83 (2)where .DELTA.T.sub.S is temperature fall .degree.C. per one cooling roll, .sigma..sub.T is tensile stress in a lengthwise direction of the steel strip and .theta. is winding angle about the cooling roll.