Abstract: A method of removing dissolved contaminant alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from molten aluminum by reaction of the contaminants with solid particulate aluminum-fluoride-yielding material, wherein a body of the molten aluminum to be decontaminated is stirred, in the presence of the aluminum fluoride particles, in such manner as to generate and maintain a stable vortex in the molten body.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for continuous copper smelting, slag conversion, and production of blister copper in the same furnace by enriched oxygen containing gas injection.

Abstract: Ores which include in combination iron oxide, cobalt oxide and nickel oxide are treated in a continuous shaft reduction furnace to selectively reduce nickel and cobalt to metallized form while leaving the iron oxide in the oxide form. Reacted top gas is recycled and mixed with partially combusted gasified fossil fuel in a combustion chamber to achieve the required concentration of reductants in the reducing gas. The cooling zone operates with a similar concentration of reductants in the cooling gas. Apparatus is also disclosed for carrying out the process.

Abstract: In the operation of the rotary kiln provided at its charging end with a central burner, solid reducing agents having a high content of volatile constituents are used and the charge and the gas atmosphere are conducted in cocurrent streams. To avoid a high heat load per unit of volume in the heating-up zone and yet to increase the heating-up rate, a solid carbonaceous reducing agent having a high content of volatile constituents is charged together with the iron oxide-containing material into the charging end of the rotary kiln, oxygen-containing gases are blown through nozzle blocks into the free gas space and into the charge in the heating-up zone, and oxygen-containing gases are blown through nozzle blocks into the free kiln space in the reducing zone.

Abstract: To obtain a high-purity aluminum fraction from aluminum containing both eutectic impurities and peritectic impurities, the contents of these impurities in the original aluminum are reduced by melting the original aluminum to obtain molten aluminum, adding boron to the molten aluminum, and rotating a cooling body as immersed in the boron-containing molten aluminum while introducing a cooling fluid to the interior of the body to crystallize high-purity aluminum on the surface of the body. The peritectic impurities react with the boron to form metallic borides, which are centrifugally forced away from the cooling body by the rotation of the body without being incorporated into the aluminum crystallized on the surface of the body. The eutectic impurities are removed from the crystallized aluminum on the surface based on the principle of segregation.

Abstract: This process enables the recovery of mercury from waste containing plastic material, e.g. batteries. The waste is slowly heated while an inert gas is being introduced in a vacuum for fractionating extraction of the products of the decomposition of the plastic. The waste gases must pass through an afterburner chamber incorporating a specially shaped burner where the plastic vapors are fully combusted. The waste gases are conducted from the afterburner chamber through a cooling trap and then through a cold trap in which the mercury is condensed and can be drained off. The final stage of the process is carried out in a pulsating vacuum by the inert gas.The device in which the process takes place consists of a heated heat isolated treatment chamber (2), an afterburner chamber (6), a cooling trap (7), a cold trap (18) and a vacuum pump (23, 24) connected with pipelines (5, 12, 21).

Abstract: An electrical resistant alloy for use in a sensing coil having a small temperature dependence of electric resistance over a wide temperature range and a method of producing the same are disclosed. This alloy consists of 55.5 to 60.6 wt % of palladium and 44.5 to 39.4 wt % of silver and an inevitable amount of impurities, and has a temperature coefficient of electric resistance of .+-.20.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. over a temperature range of -50.degree. C. to +730.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for recovering metal values from Ni and Co based superalloy scraps containing Cr, W, and Mo is disclosed. The process is a multistep pyrometallurgical oxidation process wherein the metal is successively oxidized by oxygen, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 or both in a tiltable electric arc furnace with slag withdrawal after each oxidation step in order to obtain a substantially pure Ni/Co alloy melt.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for smelting nickel which comprises treating nickel-containing material with a reducing gas to reduce the nickel component contained in the nickel-containing material and thereby produce metallic nickel; soaking the thus-obtained material in an ammoniacal aqueous ammonium salt solution and treating it with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of free ammonia in order to produce an aqueous nickel ammine salt solution; treating coal with the thus-produced aqueous nickel ammine salt solution so that the coal becomes impregnated with the nickel ammine salt; separating and recovering ammonia from the thus-treated coal; gasifying catalytically the coal containing the nickel compound in the presence of a gasifying agent, thereby producing a reducing gas and a solid residue; employing part of the thus-produced reducing gas for the treatment of the nickel-containing material; and separating and recovering metallic nickel from the solid residue.

Abstract: Metal is melted in melting vessels heated in a melting furnace by combustion of fuel and by exhaust gases from the combustion. In order to prevent evaporation, overheating and contamination of the melt, the exhaust gases of the melting furnace, including unburned fuel components of the exhaust gases, are directed through a channel of limited cross-sectional size into a melting chamber os substantially larger cross-sectional size. The hot gases are directed against the surface of melting vessels in the furnace and are allowed to expand in the melting chamber to transfer heat to melting vessels there. In addition, the hot gases are retained and the unburned components are burned in the melting chamber so that their heat capacity is given off to objects within the melting chamber to be stored in those objects to achieve a high degree of utilization of the fuel.

Abstract: A procedure based on suspension smelting has been developed for producing lead bullion from sulphidic concentrates in which the proportion of iron and of slag-forming substances is low. In the procedure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air is used. The slag containing lead oxide that is formed is in equilibrium with the sulphur-containing but refinable lead bullion. The lead oxide content of the slag may be lowered without increasing the sulphur content of the lead bullion by regulating the temperature, the FeO+CaO/SiO.sub.2 ratio and the degree of oxidation. In order that the highest possible amount of the lead contained in the concentrate might be recovered from the settler (3), the quantity of lead compounds in the gas phase is minimized and a hot cyclone is used in the uptake shaft (4) of the smelting furnace.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for making metallic iron from iron ore including low-grade ore by the use of a solid reductant such as coal in a completely enclosed system wherein the heat for reduction originates from induction coils surrounding a vertical retort, said retort possesses compartments made of steel walls, which walls are heated by induction. The charge material made up of ore and coal are pre-mixed and charged into said compartments at the top of the retort and the iron ore is reduced while descending within said compartments so that when the charged materials reach the bottom of said compartments, the iron ore is metallized to elemental iron. A discharge means removes sections of the metallized iron from said shaft at a temperature of around 1,800.degree. and is fed into a mixer for liquification, desulfurization, and deganguing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are ribbed catalyst-coated solid-state electrolyte sheets as well as a method for producing such sheets. Also disclosed is a fuel cell reactor comprising a plurality of said sheets stacked one upon another and cemented together to form a monolithic structure. Novel reactions utilizing the reactor to produce useful chemical oxidation products and/or electricity are set forth. Also disclosed is a novel wiring system to collect electrical power generated by the reactor.

Abstract: Dross is removed from molten lead during its refining by scraping the dross by means of a rake up a ramp fitted to the rim of the refining pot, a baffle being placed to trap dross in front of the ramp. The rake may be operated manually or by means of a power operated device.

Abstract: A copper based low melting point metal alloy composition consists essentially of about 10 to 52 atom percent nickel, about 2 to 10 atom percent tin, about 10 to 15 atom percent phosphorus and the balance essentially copper and incidental impurities. The composition is such that the total of copper, nickel and tin ranges from about 85 to 90 atom percent.

Abstract: The invention concerns a filtration block for liquid alloys and metals, with a mechanical and physical-chemical effect.Agglomerating, for example by sintering, elements of an active mineral compound based on fluorides, results in a porous structure with a high degree of permeability, which acts both by a mechanical filtration effect and by a washing action in respect of the metal under the action of the active mineral compound which acts as a flux and provides for trapping inclusions.Use for the final purification of aluminium, aluminium-base alloys, magnesium and magnesium-base alloys.

Abstract: A refractory lined melting furnace particularly suited for separation of non-ferrous metals with embedded or attached ferrous components, includes a casing or body pivotally mounted and tiltable by means of fluid operators. The interior is divided by two vertical walls into a combustible waste burning portion for the generation of combustible gases to assist in heating the furnace, and a melt chamber into which a variety of metallic waste can be charged for melting. A conventional fire burner is supplied to the melt chamber. The temperature of the melt chamber is raised to the melting point of the metallic waste material having the lowest melting point, e.g. aluminum, and when the aluminum is melted, the aluminum runs through drainage apertures into a liquid metal holding chamber provided on the floor of the melt chamber. When the molten metal has drained, the furnace is tilted rearwardly to discharge the remaining scrap out through rake-out doors at the rear of the melt chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating metallic zinc from zinc-containing residues includes a tank which is coolable by the flow of air through a helicoidal conduit that is open radically to the outside via upper and lower orifices and formed within a chamber surrounding the tanks internal refractory coating. A radial flow of molten material against the tank walls is produced by the driven blades of a paddle wheel. Air is supplied to the tank via an air intake in the closure cover. An upper annulr chamber around the cover's seating communicates with the tank's interior via the cover and has an external orifice for connection of a suction conduit.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel characterized by superior crevice and intergranular corrosion resistance. The steel consists essentially of, by weight, up to 0.08% carbon, up to 0.06% nitrogen, from 25.00 to 35.00% chromium, from 3.60 to 5.60% molybdenum, up to 2.00% manganese, up to 2.00% nickel, up to 2.00% silicon, up to 0.5% aluminum, up to 2.00% of elements from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium and columbium, balance essentially iron. The sum of carbon plus nitrogen is in excess of 0.0275%. Titanium, zirconium and columbium, are in accordance with the following equation:%Ti/6+%Zr/7+%Cb/8.gtoreq.

Abstract: A lead-based alloy containing, based upon the total weight of the alloy, 0.8-1.6% antimony, 0.08-0.16% arsenic, 0.006-0.012% silver and, optionally, 0.2-0.5% tin, is disclosed for making lead-acid battery grids using a continuous casting process.