Abstract: A medical processing apparatus includes processing circuitry. Based on a first number of X-ray datasets that correspond to the first number of energies and that are acquired by scanning a subject with X-rays, the processing circuitry generates a second number of virtual monochromatic X-ray datasets, which is a number larger than the first number. Based on the second number of virtual monochromatic X-ray datasets, the processing circuitry estimates quantities of the second number of reference materials mixed or a mixing ratio between the second number of reference materials for each of multiple positions in the subject.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in making localized passive measurements of electromagnetic radiation emitted from an object located in a radioactive environment includes a hollow elongate conduit having a first end, a second end, and a reflective inner surface. The first end of the conduit is positionable in the radioactive environment proximate the object, and the second end of the conduit is positionable outside the radioactive environment. The conduit has at least one bend between the first end and the second end, such that light entering the first end of the conduit is reflected by the inner surface of the conduit at least once as it travels through the conduit before reaching the second end. A detector in optical communication with the second end of the conduit is configured to detect electromagnetic radiation that reaches the second end.

Abstract: A variable PET apparatus allows structural changes of detector modules in transversal and longitudinal directions to correspond to various imaging purposes and a cross-sectional diameter of a subject while maintaining an arrangement of the detector modules to be close to a true circle. The variable PET apparatus includes: a gantry having an opening on a longitudinal axis; and detector modules supported on the gantry and arranged a predetermined distance apart from each other such that a detection ring is configured with a diameter in a circumferential direction, wherein the gantry is driven by a gantry drive member, and the detector modules are driven by a detector module drive member. According to the present invention, structural changes of the detector modules in the PET apparatus is possible to correspond to a cross-sectional diameter of a subject without additional devices, thereby improving the spatial resolution and sensitivity.

Abstract: It is possible to reduce the weight of an anti-scatter collimator and to improve uniformity of scattered radiation shielding rate. A radiation imaging device has a radiation source, a radiation detector that detects radiation emitted from a focus of the radiation source, and an anti-scatter collimator provided between the radiation source and the radiation detector. The anti-scatter collimator has a septum provided at a predetermined interval along a radiation incident direction on a boundary between pixels of the radiation detector. The upper end of a top septum corresponds with a radiation incident surface.

Abstract: [Object] To achieve a radiation detector capable of suppressing variation in the amount of radiation detected. [Solution] A first gate electrode (52) is connected to a light receiving device, and a second gate electrode (53) is configured to have the same potential as that of the first gate electrode (52).

Abstract: A system for detecting microwave power. In some embodiments, the system includes: a first resonator including a graphene-insulating-superconducting junction; a probe signal source, coupled to the first resonator; and a probe signal analyzer. The probe signal analyzer is configured: to measure a change in amplitude or phase of a probe signal received by the probe signal analyzer from the probe signal source, and to infer, from the change in amplitude or phase, a change in microwave power received by the graphene-insulating-superconducting junction.

Abstract: Thermal pattern sensor comprising several pixels located on a substrate, each pixel comprising a pyroelectric capacitance, the pyroelectric capacitance comprising, a layer of porous pyroelectric material located between a first electrically conducting electrode and a second electrically conducting electrode, particles made of a first material at least partially filling the pores of the layer of porous pyroelectric material, the first material being electrically insulating and having pyroelectric properties and a layer made of a second material being placed between the layer made of a pyroelectric material and the second electrode, the second material being electrically insulating and having pyroelectric properties.

Abstract: In order that a temperature of a measurement object whose non-transmission wavelength range is narrow, such as isopropyl alcohol can be measured highly accurately without increasing the size of a radiation thermometer, the radiation thermometer includes an infrared detection element to detect infrared ray emitted from the measurement object. The radiation thermometer is designed to measure the temperature of the measurement object on the basis of intensity of infrared ray detected by the infrared detection element. The radiation thermometer further includes a filter group made up of a plurality of infrared filters arranged on an optical path of infrared ray introduced into the infrared detection element. The filter group permits transmission of at least infrared ray in each of a first wavelength range and a second wavelength range which are not overlapped with each other.

Abstract: A system is provided for performing metal trace analysis on a liquid sample. A sample holder holds an analysis substrate that includes a reference region and at least one test region. An ultraviolet (UV) light source emits ultraviolet light illuminating the liquid sample. An optical sensor detects radiation emanating from the liquid sample and converting the detected radiation into an electrical signal. A microcontroller processes the electrical signal. An external interface transmits the processed electrical signal to an external device. The analysis substrate is configured for manual movement by a user. A tracking system detects a sample scanning location for the metal trace analysis, and includes a light source, other than the UV light source, and another optical sensor. The other optical sensor detects light emitted by the light source.

Abstract: Described here are systems and methods for optimization techniques for automatically selecting x-ray beam spectra, energy threshold, energy bin settings, and other imaging technique parameters for photon-counting detector computed tomography (“PCCT”). The techniques described here are generally based on subject or object size, material of interest, and location of the target material. Advantageously, the optimizations can be integrated with different PCCT systems to automatically select optimal imaging technique parameters before scanning a particular subject or object.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for positioning a radiation source with respect to one or more regions of interest in a coordinate system. Such systems and methods may be used in emission guided radiation therapy (EGRT) for the localized delivery of radiation to one or more patient tumor regions. These systems comprise a gantry movable about a patient area, where a plurality of positron emission detectors, a radiation source are arranged movably on the gantry, and a controller. The controller is configured to identify a coincident positron annihilation emission path and to position the radiation source to apply a radiation beam along the identified emission path. The systems and methods described herein can be used alone or in conjunction with surgery, chemotherapy, and/or brachytherapy for the treatment of tumors.

Abstract: A diode and a transistor are connected in parallel. The transistor is located on a first doped region forming a PN junction of the diode with a second doped region located under the first region. The circuit functions as an ionizing radiation detection cell by generating a current through the PN junction which changes by a voltage generated across the transistor. This change in voltage is compared to a threshold to detect the ionizing radiation.

Abstract: An infrared detection camera for the inspection of coated substrates. A corrosion sensing instrument is handheld, portable, battery powered, compact and lightweight. The camera performs nondestructive, real time imaging of corrosion and defects beneath painted metal or plastics or composite surfaces. The device includes a user-friendly computer interface for real time imaging and image storage capability and is typically used for detecting early stage corrosion beneath painted aircraft aluminum surfaces. The handheld device has a front “open air” imaging port which is designed to be placed in soft contact against the painted surface to be inspected by the instrument. The device includes an infrared camera and infrared lighting to capture an image of the surface. The captured image is transferred to a computer and analyzed to locate imperfections below a coating on a surface.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a stationary X-ray source for a multisource X-ray imaging system for tomographic imaging. The stationary X-ray source includes an array of thermionic cathodes and, in most embodiments a rotating anode. The anode rotates about a rotation axis, however the anode is stationary in the horizontal or vertical dimensions (e.g. about axes perpendicular to the rotation axis). The elimination of mechanical motion improves the image quality by elimination of mechanical vibration and source motion; simplifies system design that reduces system size and cost; increases angular coverage with no increase in scan time; and results in short scan times to, in medical some medical imaging applications, reduce patient-motion-induced blurring.

Abstract: A narrow thermal neutron detector includes a slidably receivable ionization thermal neutron detector module within an overall housing body. An active sheet layer of the ionization thermal neutron detector module can be tensioned across its width. The ionization thermal neutron detector module can include module upper major surface extents and module lower surface extents such that, when installed within the housing body, the module upper major surface extents are in a first spaced apart confronting relationship with housing upper major surface extents to define a first clearance and module lower major surface extents are in a second spaced apart confronting relationship with housing lower major surface extents to define a second clearance to accommodate housing flexing due to ambient pressure change. The housing body can be formed with a single opening for receiving the ionization thermal neutron detection module or with opposing first and second opposing end openings.

Abstract: A chromatography analyzer system (10) for analyzing a sample (12) includes a MIR analyzer (34) for spectrally analyzing a sample fraction (12A) while the sample fraction (12A) is flowing in the MIR analyzer (34). The MIR analyzer (34) includes (i) a MIR flow cell (35C) that receives the flowing sample fraction (12A), (ii) a MIR laser source (35A) that directs a MIR beam (35B) in a MIR wavelength range at the sample fraction (12A) in the MIR flow cell (35C), and (iii) a MIR detector (35D) that receives light from the sample fraction (12A) in the MIR flow cell (35C) and generates MIR data of the sample fraction (12A) for a portion of the MIR wavelength range.

Abstract: A method for calibrating an alignment device includes obtaining one or more projection images of a phantom having one or more surface indicators, the one or more surface indicators indicating a first coordinate system relating to the phantom, an origin of the first coordinate system overlapping with a calibration point of the phantom. The method further includes determining a difference between the first coordinate system and a second coordinate system based on the one or more projection images, the second coordinate system being relating to a medical system. The method further includes adjusting the phantom to an updated state according to the difference between the first coordinate system and the second coordinate system such that the first coordinate system overlaps with the second coordinate system. The method also includes adjusting an alignment device according to the one or more surface indicators in the updated state.

Abstract: Provided is an infrared absorptive material having a high refractive index layer that has a refractive index of 3.0 or higher for infrared light at any wavelength in the wavelength range of 2 ?m to 50 ?m and has a thickness of 8 nm to 15,000 nm; and a reflective layer positioned on one face of the high refractive index layer.

Abstract: A detector for use in liquid chromatography is provided. The detector includes a light delivery system comprising a light source that emits one or more spectral lines of light of a light spectrum. The detector has an entrance slit configured to receive the one or more spectral lines of light and a wavelength selection module comprising a digital micro-mirror device. The digital micro-mirror device is configured to redirect the one or more spectral lines of light to a flow cell. The flow cell is optically connected to the wavelength selection module.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a biosensor is provided. The biosensor includes a sensing element and a cover disposed on the sensing element. The sensing element includes: a first substrate embedded with a photodiode; and a filter layer disposed on the substrate. The cover includes: a second substrate; an upper optical element disposed in the second substrate; and an upper reaction well disposed on the upper optical element.