Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each separately selected from hydrogen, X, NH--A--NHR and NH--A--N(O)R'R" wherein X is hydroxy, halogeno, amino, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy or C.sub.2-8 alkanoyloxy, A is a C.sub.2-4 alkylene group with a chain length between NH and NHR or N(O)R'R" of at least 2 carbon atoms and R, R' and R" are each separately selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups and C.sub.2-4 hydroxyalkyl and C.sub.2-4 dihydroxyalkyl groups in which the carbon atom attached to the nitrogen atom does not carry a hydroxy group and no carbon atom is substituted by two hydroxy groups, or R' and R" together are a C.sub.2-6 alkylene group which with the nitrogen atom to which R" and R" are attached forms a heterocyclic group having 3 to 7 atoms in the ring, but with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 is a group NH--A--N(O)R'R", and physiologically acceptable salts thereof are of value in the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 2-acyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones and the oxime ethers thereof with herbicidal and plant growth regulating properties.The novel 2-acyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones and the oxime ethers thereof are of the formula I ##STR1## wherein A is a 2- to 7-membered alkylene bridge, or a 3- to 7-membered alkenylene bridge which may be mono- or polyunsaturated,n is 0, 1 or 2,R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or benzyl,R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio; or is C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl; or phenyl, benzyl or phenylethyl, the phenyl ring of each of which may be substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, cyano or nitro,X is oxygen or a radical --NOR.sub.3, andR.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 haloalkenyl or C.sub.3 -C.

Abstract: Novel 1,3-Diaryl cyclopentanes of the following general formula were prepared. ##STR1## These compounds were found to have potent and specific PAF (Platelet Activating Factor) antagonistic activities and as such useful in the treatment or amelioration of various diseases or disorders mediated by the PAF, for example, hypotension, inflammation, nephritis, stroke and other cardiovascular disorders, asthma, allergic and skin diseases, peptic or stomach ulcer, shock, lung edema, psoriasis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, pain including dental pain, and aggregation of platelets.

Abstract: Process is provided for oxidation of organic compounds in which a reaction zone is provided, containing an open space and a bed of solid granular catalyst, an organic feedstock and oxygen are passed in gas phase through the open space and then into contact with the catalyst bed, and reaction products are removed from the open space after relatively less contact with the catalyst, and from at least one other location after relatively greater contact with the catalyst. Greater yield of desired product may be obtained in such operation than in operation where all of the reaction products are removed after the greater contact with the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for inhibiting nonenzymatic cross-linking (protein aging) which contain 2-alkylidene aminoguanidines and derivatives thereof. Accordingly, a composition is disclosed which comprises an agent capable of inhibiting the formation of advanced glycosylation endproducts of target proteins by reacting with the carbonyl moiety of the early glycosylation product of such target proteins formed by their initial glycosylation. The method comprises contacting the target protein with the composition. Both industrial and therapeutic applications for the invention are envisioned, as food spoilage and animal protein aging can be treated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 4-amino-.DELTA..sup.4,6 -steroids which are useful as inhibitors of 5.alpha.-reductase. The compounds are prepared by the reaction of an appropriate 4,5-epoxy steroid with sodium azide in an inert solvent in the presence of a strong acid such as sulfuric acid at about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for inhibiting nonenzymatic cross-linking (protein aging) which contain novel amidrazones and derivatives thereof. Accordingly, a composition is disclosed which comprises an agent capable of inhibiting the formation of advanced glycosylation endproducts of target proteins by reacting with the carbonyl moiety of the early glycosylation product of such target proteins formed by their initial glycosylation. The method comprises contacting the target protein with the composition. Both industrial and therapeutic applications for the invention are envisioned, as food spoilage and animal protein aging can be treated.

Abstract: A novel class of cross-linking agent, which comprises a monomeric organic compound having at least two hydroxyl groups each bonded to a different carbon atom, wherein said hydroxyl groups are activated by reaction with 2-fluoro-1-methylpyridinium toluene-4-sulfonate (FMP). Suitable monomeric organic compounds include diols and polyols. Such cross-linking agents may be conveniently prepared by reaction of the monomeric organic compound with FMP in a suitable solvent, followed by recovery of the resultant reaction products, e.g., via precipitation and filtration. The novel cross-linking agents have a wide variety of uses, including the interconnection of subunits of multimeric enzymes and the covalent immobilization of organic ligands to suitable carriers or supports.

Abstract: Cyclobutane derivatives of the formulas ##STR1## wherein P is a hydroxy protecting group and X is a leaving group are useful intermediates in the preparation of antiviral compounds.

Abstract: The preparation is described of compounds of the structure ##STR1## in which the substituents have the meanings indicated in the description. The compounds, which are in part new, are used as intermediate products for dyestuffs.

Abstract: A phenolic compound having formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X represents a chlorine atom or a methyl group, and a recording material comprising a coloress or light-colored leuco dye and the above phenolic compound serving as a color developer for the leuco dye are disclosed.

Abstract: The process for the separation of isomeric dichlorotoluenes, comprising the steps of:(a) passing a mixture containing isomeric dichlorotoluenes over a zeolite of the ZSM5 type having the composition (expressed in molar ratios) of (0.9+0.2) M.sub.2/n O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : (10-100) SiO.sub.2 : z H.sub.2 O in which M is at least one cation selected from H, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or a tetraalkylammonium cation; n is the valency of M; and z is between 0 and 40:(b) separating the non-adsorbed dichlorotoluenes;(c) contacting the zeolite containing the adsorbed isomers with an eluent; and(d) separating the isomers from the eluent.

Abstract: A method of preparation of a cobalt catalyst particularly adapted for hydrogenation of nitriles, the catalyst which is the product of the method, and the method of use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a hydroxyaromatic ketoacetal from a hydroxyaromatic methylketone. The invention further provides a method for producing a hydroxyaromatic ketoaldehyde from a hydroxyaromatic ketoacetal. The hydroxyaromatic ketoaldehyde can be further reacted to form a hydantoin, which hydantoin can be hydrolyzed to produce a hydroxyphenylglycine.

Abstract: 3-Hydroxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one salts of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an ammonium group of the general formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different in meaning and each is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group or R is an alkali metal atom. The salts according for formula I are obtained by the reaction of pure 3-acetoxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one, or 1,3-cyclobutanedione or a distillation residue of the diketene production containing 3-acetoxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one, with a base. The base can be an amine of the general formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 have the above-mentioned meaning, or an alkali metal alcoholate or an alkali metal hydroxide. The salts according to formula I are suitable for the production of squaric acid, by their being halogenated in a first step and then being hydrolyzed to squaric acid in a second step.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to upgrading to commercially useful products heavy ends by-products formed during the manufacture of allyl chloride. These heavy ends by-products are upgraded by first reacting the by-products with an alcohol in the presence of a base and subsequently pyrolyzing the resultant ethers to produce a mixture of allyl chloride and a carbonyl compound. This process improves the overall yield of the allyl chloride and forms commercially useful carbonyl compounds.

Abstract: A process is provided for etherification of essentially pure IC.sub.4.sup.= with MeOH to form MTBE in a distillation column reactor containing a fixed bed acid cation exchange resin as a catalytic distillation structure in an a distillation reaction zone. An inert C.sub.4 hydrocarbon is initially fed to the distillation column reactor to act as a diluent and a heat sink which boils at the desired temperature range for the reaction. Additionally the inert C.sub.4 diluent acts as an azeotroping agent for the MeOH in the lower end of the column carrying more of the MeOH back up into the reaction distillation zone. After start up and circulation the inert C.sub.4 hydrocarbon feed is stopped and that in the system is retained therein by total reflux of the overheads and judicious operation of the lower portion of the distillation column reactor.

Abstract: 3-Hydroxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one salts of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an ammonium group of the general formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different in meaning and each is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group or R is an alkali metal atom. The salts according for formula I are obtained by the reaction of pure 3-acetoxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one, or 1,3-cyclobutanedione or a distillation residue of the diketene production containing 3-acetoxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one, with a base. The base can be an amine of the general formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 have the above-mentioned meaning, or an alkali metal alcoholate or an alkali metal hydroxide. The salts according to formula I are suitable for the production of squaric acid, by their being halogenated in a first step and then being hydrolyzed to squaric acid in a second step.

Abstract: An improved process for producing octa-2,7-dien-1-ol which comprises reacting butadiene with water in an aqueous sulfolane solution containing a carbonate and/or bicarbonate of a monodentate tertiary amine in the presence of a palladium compound and a phosphonium salt.

Abstract: High purity 4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)diphenyl sulfone is prepared from p-aminophenol, alkali metal hydroxide and 4,4'-dihalodiphenyl sulfone by using a molar ratio of alkali metal hydroxide: 4-aminophenol in the range of 1.0-1.1:1.0 and a molar ratio of 4-aminophenol: 4,4'-dihalodiphenyl sulfone in the range of 2.005-2.05:1.0 and by using a dialkylamide or N-alkyl lactam as a solvent. Pristine products (no-recrystallization) of 99.0% purity having melting points above 195.degree. C. are obtained.