Abstract: A process for preparing 3-.alpha.-7-.beta.-dihydroxycholanic acid from a crude product containing up to 15% by weight of 3-.alpha.-7-.alpha.-dihydroxycholanic acid and up to 1% by weight of 3.alpha.-hydroxycholanic acid, by esterifying with methanol, crystallizing from a mixture of solvents consisting of methanol, an aromatic solvent and water and recrystallizing from a mixture of methanol, aromatic solvent and water.

Abstract: A perfluoroalkyl halogenide represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X stands for one element selected from the group consisting of iodine and bromine, R.sub.f for a perfluorohydrocarbon group, n for an integer in the range of 1 to 3, and m for an integer in the range of 1 to 3, provided that n and m satisfy the relationship, n.gtoreq.m, is produced by a method which consists essentially in subjecting a perfluorocarboxylic acid fluoride represented by the formula, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.f and n have the same meanings as defined above, to a thermal reaction with a lithium halogenide represented by XI, wherein X has the same meaning as defined above.

Abstract: .alpha.,.omega.-Bis(guanidinium)alkane salts which contain a heterocyclic nitrogen moiety are prepared by the reaction of a tetraalkyl urea with phosgene or phosphorus oxychloride, or by the reaction of a tetraalkyl thiourea with an N-N-dialkylcarbamoyl halide, to yield a chloroformamideinium salt, followed by reaction of said salt with a monoalkylamine and reaction of the resulting pentaalkylguanidinium salt with an alkylene dihalide. Said salts are useful as phase transfer catalysts.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinones by the bromination of the corresponding 1-aminoanthraquinone wherein a 1-amino-anthraquinone is contacted with elemental bromine in the presence of a carboxylic acid solvent and added hydrobromic acid. The process is not as complicated as known processes and produces lower amounts of isomeric 1-amino-2-bromoanthraquinones.

Abstract: A process for producing a bis-(indolyl)ethylene of the formula ##STR1## is described, wherein A, B, a, b, R, Z, R.sup.5', R.sup.6 and R.sup.6' are as defined in the specification, said method comprising reacting an indole of the formula ##STR2## with an acylindole of the formula in the presence of a Vilsmeier reagent selected from the group consisting of phosphoryl chloride, phosgene, oxalyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, thionyl chloride, alkanesulfonyl chloride, arene-sulfonyl chloride, alkylchoroformate, and arylchloroformate, together with a Lewis Acid selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, boron trifluoride and aluminum chloride.

Abstract: Dihydrocaffeic acid derivatives are here disclosed which are applicable as medicines having excellent absorbency in the case of oral administration and good concentration retention in blood.The disclosed compounds have the function to induce the production and secretion of a nerve growth factor (NGF) in the brain tissue, and therefore they are effective as medicines for the progression inhibition and therapy of regressive disorders of the central nervous system.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for coupling one or more different diazo components with resorcinol on an industrial scale. The process comprises adjusting and stabilizing the coupling pH of the resorcinol prior to the reaction with the aid of a buffer system and keeping it constant during the coupling reaction or reactions by controlling the ratio of flow of the streams of the diazo component or components and the base. The process makes it possible to prepare mono- and polyazo dyes in excellent uniform quality and yield.

Abstract: There are disclosed 1-[4-(halophenoxy)phenoxy]-4-pentines of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently of the other chloro or fluoro and one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is also hydrogen, a process for their preparation and intermediates for their preparation, the use of these compounds in pest control, and pesticidal compositions which contains a compound of formula I as active component. The preferred field of use is ovicidal control of pests.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of alkylthiophenols by reaction of a dialkyl disulphide with a phenol.In the process according to the invention, the reaction is carried out in the presence of aluminum chloride or of ferric chloride in a solvent of the alkylbenzene type or, soley in the case of methylthiolation, in an excess of dimethyl disulphide.This process makes it possible, in particular to obtain, with a selectivity and in a yield which are excellent, 2-alkylthiophenols which may then be converted into 4-acyl-2-alkylthiophenols by means of a reaction at a temperature ranging from 40.degree. to 100.degree. C. with a complex BF.sub.3 :2RCOOH where R denotes an alkyl or propenyl radical, in a proportion of 10 to 15 moles of complex per mole of 2-alkylthiophenol.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 9.alpha.-hydroxy-3-oxo-4,24(25)-stigmastadien-26-oic acid derivatives of the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein M stands for hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or a pharmaceutically accteptable cation to a process for repairing these compounds and to compositions containing said compounds which exert an anti-hypercholesteremic effect.

Abstract: In the instant invention the effluent from the DIPE reactor is separated in a novel separation process that includes, in one embodiment, two extraction steps serially combined to initially separate IPA from the reaction products by extraction with water. The aqueous IPA extract is separated in a second extraction step carried out using the C.sub.3 hydrocarbon feedstream to the process as extractor. To effectuate the separation of aqueous IPA, the second extraction is carried out at a temperature higher than that of the first extraction step. The organic phase from the first extraction containing DIPE, C.sub.3 hydrocarbons and water is separated in a splitter to provide dry DIPE as product. In another embodiment dry DIPE is produced by an initial aqueous extraction of the reaction effluent followed by distillation to separate C.sub.3 hydrocarbons and water overhead and DIPE as a bottom stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel method for alkoxylation alcohols by reacting the alcohols with epoxides over a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a fluoride of an element of Group I of the Periodic Table on an oxide of Group IIA or Group IIIA of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water-soluble trisazo dyes of the formula T ##STR1## and process for the preparation thereof and to the use thereof.

Abstract: A catalyzed synthesis of ascorbate 2-phosphorylated compounds is provided which gives both mono-and polyphosphorylated species in excellent yield using inexpensive, readily available reactants. The method involves forming a reaction mixture of an ascorbic acid reactant such as L-ascorbic acid and a metaphosphate phosphorylating agent (e.g., sodium trimetaphosphate), and carrying out the phosphorylation reaction in the presence of a catalyzing ion selected from the group consisiting of calcium, strontium and barium ion and mixtures thereof, while maintaining the pH of the reaction mixture at a level of from about 3-12. The synthesis is characterized by very short reaction times, preferably from about 15 minutes-2 hours, and moderate temperatures on the order of 18.degree. C.-25.degree. C. Preferably, the catalyzing ion is provided by addition of calcium, strontium or barium hydroxide to the reaction mixture, this serving to also elevate the pH of the system to the desired range.

Abstract: A liquid nutritional product is specially formulated to meet the needs of a person receiving renal dialysis. The caloric distribution, vitamins and minerals, and electrolytes are carefully controlled. The source of magnesium in the product is a calcium magnesium caseinate.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing 4-(2'-methoxyethyl)phenol by brominating 4-hydroxyacetophenone to produce alpha-bromo-5-hydroxyacetophenone, and then causing a methoxide-bromide exchange to thereby produce alpha-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone; and then conducting a single step reduction of alpha-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone with at least two equivalents of hydrogen per equivalent of alpha-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to thereby directly produce 4-(2'-methoxyethyl)phenol.

Abstract: A process for preparing food products having adjustable energy and nutritional values which comprises, in that sequence, (a) preparing an emulsion of a milk product such as whole milk, nonfat milk, powdered milk and the like, (b) freezing this emulsion and (c) then thoroughly and intimately admixing this frozen emulsion with a meat, fish, vegetable, grain, fruit, cheese etc. product. By suitable selection and adjustment one to the other of the milk component with the other component, products having different caloric and energy values can be obtained. These products are distinguished by fine taste, texture and stability.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently are lower-alkyl; or together are alkylene with 3-5 C-atoms in a straight chain; one of the residues R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is hydrogen and the other is hydrogen or lower-alkyl; R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are hydrogen or lower-alkyl; R.sup.5 and R.sup.8 are hydrogen, lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy or halogen; X signifies --O--, --S--, --SO--, --SO.sub.2 -- or --NR.sup.9 ; R.sup.9 is hydrogen, lower-alkyl or acyl; Y is --S(O).sub.m R.sup.10 or --NHet and, where X is --NR.sup.9 --, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, also --N(R.sup.11).sub.2 or --OR.sup.12 ; R.sup.10 is lower-alkyl; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are hydrogen, lower-alkyl or acyl; --NHet is a 5-8 membered, saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic heterocycle attached via a N-atom; n is 2, 3 or 4 and m is 0, 1 or 2, are described. The compounds of formula I are useful as agents for the treatment of disorders such as neoplasms, dermatoses or ageing of the skin.

Abstract: Bis(cyclohexylphenol) compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Y is --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 -- with the proviso that when R is methyl in the ortho position to the hydroxy, Y is --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --and their use. The above-mentioned compounds are useful as antioxidants and biocides for industrial use.

Abstract: A higher yield of the difluorohalomethoxybenzene produced by the reaction of a metal phenolate with dibromodifluoromethane or bromochlorodifluoromethane can be obtained by conducting the addition of a metal alcoholate or a metal hydride as a reaction initiator to a solution or a suspension of an aprotic polar solvent containing the metal phenolate and dibromodifluoromethane or bromochlorodifluoromethane.