Abstract: Conventionally, only a pair of electrodes is provided and nanopores arranged in parallel are connected by an electrolyte solution, and therefore a change in an ion current to be measured is a sum of changes in ion currents generated in the respective nanopores.

Abstract: An apparatus for glycan analysis is disclosed. The apparatus includes a plurality of loading wells adapted to receive a plurality of samples; a plurality of capillaries arranged in correspondence with the loading wells, each of the capillaries including a first portion including a stacking gel and a second portion including a resolving gel; and a plurality of eluting wells arranged in correspondence with the capillaries and adapted to receive a portion of the samples having traversed the capillaries.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided, in which an observation volume is defined by a volume where light from illumination means and a field of view of detection means overlap. The central axes of said light from the illumination means and said field of view of the detection means are non-parallel, and the sample is transported through the observation volume during imaging, preferably by rotation of a sample container holding the sample.

Abstract: This disclosure provides an apparatus and a method for quickly, efficiently and continuously fractionating biomolecules, such as DNAs and proteins based on size and other factors, while allowing imaging of the separated biomolecules as they are processed within the apparatus. The apparatus employs angled nanochannels to first preconcentrate and then separate like molecules. Its embodiments offer improved detection sensitivity and separation resolution over existing technologies and multiplexing capabilities.

Abstract: An ITP-based system and a method are provided. ITP is used to focus a sample of interest and deliver a high concentration target to a pre-functionalized surface comprising immobilized probes, thus enabling rapid reaction at the sensor site.

Abstract: A liquid electrolyte, for an electrochemical gas sensor for detecting NH3 or gas mixtures containing NH3, contains at least one solvent, one conductive salt and/or one organic mediator. The conductive salt is an ionic liquid, an inorganic salt, an organic salt or a mixture thereof. The electrolyte preferably is comprised of (I) water, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate or a mixture thereof as solvent; (ii) LiCl, KCl, tetrabutylammonium toluenesulphonate or 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate as conductive salt; and (iii) tert-butylhydroquinone or anthraquinone-2-sulphonate as organic mediator.

Abstract: An analyte concentration can be measured at an electrochemical detector using a waveform that includes a reductive voltage. The waveform may include three or four different voltages, in which at least one of the voltage values is reductive. One or more current or charge values can be measured during at least part of a reductive voltage portion of the waveform. The analyte concentration can be calculated based on the measured one or more current or charge values.

Abstract: A sensor element includes an element body having an elongate rectangular parallelepiped shape and including solid electrolyte layers with oxygen ion conductivity, an outer pump electrode disposed on a first surface of the element body, and a protective layer covering at least a part of a second surface of the element body on a side opposite to the first surface and including one or more exposed spaces (a lower space) to which the second surface is exposed.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for performing isoelectric focusing reactions are described. The systems or devices disclosed herein may comprise fixtures that have a membrane. In some instances, the disclosed devices may be designed to perform isoelectric focusing or other separation reactions followed by further characterization of the separated analytes using mass spectrometry. The disclosed methods, devices, and systems provide for fast, accurate separation and characterization of protein analyte mixtures or other biological molecules by isoelectric point.

Abstract: Devices and methods for characterization of samples are provided. Samples may comprise one or more analytes. Some methods described herein include performing enrichment steps on a device. Some methods described herein include performing mobilization of analytes. Analytes may then be further processed and characterized.

Abstract: A sensor element includes an element body having an elongate rectangular parallelepiped shape and including solid electrolyte layers with oxygen ion conductivity, an outer pump electrode disposed on a first surface of the element body, and a protective layer covering at least a part of the first surface of the element body and including one or more exposed spaces (an upper space) to which the first surface is exposed.

Abstract: A sensor element includes an element body having an elongate rectangular parallelepiped shape and including solid electrolyte layers with oxygen ion conductivity, an outer pump electrode disposed on a first surface of the element body, and a protective layer covering at least a part of the first surface of the element body and including one or more spaces (an upper space) that are present apart from the first surface in a direction perpendicular to the first surface.

Abstract: Provided herein are devices and methods for reducing the negative effects of bubble formation on the detection, quantification and/or monitoring of analytes.

Abstract: The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/meso-porous silicon (PSi) nanocomposite and its effective use as efficient chemical sensor and photocatalyst are described. The PSi was prepared via a simple stain etching of Si microparticles in HF/HNO3 aqueous solution, followed by the deposition of AgNPs onto stain etched PSi by the immersion plating technique. The resultant nanocomposite is used successfully for (i) enhanced electro-oxidation and quantification of ascorbic acid (AA) on modified glassy carbon electrode and (ii) for the photo-reduction of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) to trivalent Cr(III) under direct visible light irradiation in the presence of citric acid.

Abstract: A microcomputer calculates the concentration of ammonia contained in exhaust gas. The microcomputer repeatedly obtains from a first ammonia detection section a first ammonia electromotive force EMF1 whose value changes with both the concentrations of ammonia and a flammable gas contained in the exhaust gas. The microcomputer outputs, as ammonia concentration information at the present point in time, ammonia concentration information representing the ammonia concentration at the point 0.5 sec prior to the present point in time. The microcomputer sets a rich spike flag Fs when a first ammonia electromotive force change amount ?EMF1 is smaller than a value obtained by multiplying a start determination value by ?1. When the rich spike flag Fs is set, the microcomputer sets the ammonia concentration information at the present point in time to the value of the ammonia concentration information at the point immediately before the rich spike flag Fs is set.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensor element having a detection section at a distal end portion thereof, and an element cover that surrounds a periphery of the sensor element. The sensor element includes electrodes and formed on a surface of a solid electrolyte body, a heater, and a porous protective layer formed on an outside of the detection section. The element cover includes a cover member with gas flow holes on a side surface and a gas passage is formed between the cover member and the sensor element. A distance between the cover member and the side surface of the sensor element in a direction perpendicular to an axis of the sensor element is in a range of 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm in the entire region of the gas passage leading from the gas flow holes to the detecting section.

Abstract: A nanopore sensor is provided, including a nanopore disposed in a support structure. A fluidic passage is disposed between a first fluidic reservoir and the nanopore to fluidically connect the first fluidic reservoir to the nanopore through the fluidic passage. The fluidic passage has a passage length that is greater than the passage width. A second fluidic reservoir is fluidically connected to the nanopore, with the nanopore providing fluidic communication between the fluidic passage the second reservoir. Electrodes are connected to impose an electrical potential difference across the nanopore. At least one electrical transduction element is disposed in the nanopore sensor with a connection to measure the electrical potential that is local to the fluidic passage.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides, inter alia, mediator formulations for the measurement of an analyte comprising at least one ruthenium compound and at least one osmium compound. Also disclosed are reagent formulations for the measurement of an analyte comprising at least one ruthenium compound and at least one osmium compound. Also disclosed are methods and devices for the measurement of an analyte in a sample.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising first and second electrodes (201, 202) separated by an electrolyte (203), the first and second electrodes (201, 202) configured to exhibit a potential difference therebetween on interaction of the first electrode (201) with an analyte, wherein the first electrode (201) is configured such that its electrical conductance and electrochemical potential are dependent upon the amount of analyte present, the electrical conductance and electrochemical potential of the first electrode (201) affecting the potential difference between the first and second electrodes (201, 202), and wherein the apparatus comprises respective first and second terminals (204, 205) configured for electrical connection to a readout circuit to enable determination of the presence and/or amount of analyte based on the potential difference.

Abstract: In a biological information measurement device, the ingress of biological sample is detected even when a sensor is mounted, which reduces measurement error. The biological information measurement device comprises a voltage supply component that supplies voltage between first and second connectors, between second and third connectors, and between first and third connectors, a current measurement component that measures a first current that flows between the first and second connectors, a second current that flows between the second and third connectors, and a third current that flows between the first and third connectors, and a controller that is connected to the current measurement component and the voltage supply component. The controller compares two or more of the currents and thereby determines whether a foreign substance has adhered between two or more connectors out of the first, second, and third connectors.