Abstract: An imaging system includes: an image sensor sensitive to ultraviolet light and visible light; a lens configured to focus light from a subject onto the image sensor; and an image processor configured to process image signals output from the image sensor. The image processor obtains the difference between image signals A1 and A2 output from the image sensor at times t1 and t2, respectively. If the differential signal A3 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the image processor determines that light from the subject contains the ultraviolet light, and generates an image signal CI based on the differential signal A3.

Abstract: Super-resolution modal imaging methods and devices are disclosed herein. One super-resolution modal imaging device includes an optical component provided to receive incoming radiation, a mode separating structure for separating the received incoming radiation into multiple modes, at least one output array, and at least one detector array having multiple array elements for measuring an energy level of each mode to construct an image of the received incoming radiation.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for detecting mechanophore damage in a composite material where the mechanophores are embedded in a matrix of the composite material. A mechanical load is applied to the composite material. A damage precursor signal is generated as a result of the mechanical load and is detected before yield of the mechanophore embedded composite material. Detecting the damage precursor signal may include illuminating the mechanophore embedded composite material with UV light to excite the embedded mechanophores, capturing fluorescent emissions of the embedded mechanophores with a UV camera, and filtering light received at the UV camera based on an emission wavelength of the mechanophores. Alternatively, the damage precursor signal may be detected using spectra from an evanescent wave distorted by the mechanophore embedded composite material using an attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) system.

Abstract: One or more temperature measuring devices are described that comprise; thermal imaging cameras capable of detection and provision of an exact location of at least one created dynamic image scanned by and triangulated with at least two thermal imaging cameras, and a gate that provides a constrained targeted pathway through which at least one person must travel so that dynamic thermal data of the person is captured as the person is moving through the gate and wherein thermal imaging cameras are geometrically arranged in positions such that the thermal imaging cameras field of view exist on or within the gate and wherein the person is scanned and provides targeted dynamic thermal data that is converted into one or more temperature readings that measure and transmit the temperature readings from one or more photodetectors that sense thermal radiation naturally emitted by people passing through.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the optical measurement of at least the stability and the aggregation of particles in a liquid sample which is located in a sample container, wherein the method comprises the following steps: irradiating the sample with light of at least one first wavelength in order to fluorescently excite the particles, irradiating the sample with light of at least one second wavelength in order to examine the scattering of the particles, measuring the fluorescence light which is emitted by the sample; and measuring the extinction light at the second wavelength, wherein the irradiated light of the second wavelength runs through the sample container, is reflected back, runs again through the sample container in the opposite direction and exits as extinction light, wherein the stability is determined based on the measured fluorescence light and the aggregation is measured based on the measured extinction light. The invention further relates to a corresponding apparatus.

Abstract: An infrared sensor according to the present disclosure includes base substrate, infrared receiver, and beam. The beam includes connective portion connecting with the base substrate and/or a member on the base substrate, and separated portion separated from the base substrate. The infrared receiver and the beam are joined with each other at the separated portion. The infrared receiver is supported by the beam in a state where the infrared receiver is separated from the base substrate. The beam includes junction part joined to the infrared receiver, and section positioned between junction part and the connective portion, and section includes a phononic crystal structure defined by a plurality of through holes orderly arranged. The crystal structure includes a first domain and a second domain that are phononic crystal domains.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a time-based signal acquisition apparatus and method using sawtooth-shaped threshold voltage. The signal acquisition apparatus for acquiring the information of a scintillation signal includes a sawtooth-shaped voltage generation unit and a signal comparison unit. The sawtooth-shaped voltage generation unit generates a sawtooth-shaped threshold voltage which increases when the threshold voltage is smaller than a voltage value of the scintillation signal and which decreases to an initial value when the threshold voltage is larger than the voltage value of the scintillation signal. The signal comparison unit receives the scintillation signal, compares the voltage value of the scintillation signal with the threshold voltage, and generates a digital pulse train.

Abstract: A system for monitoring doses from an ionizing radiation source to a treatment region of a patient and immobilizing a body cavity relative to the treatment region, is provided. The system includes a probe body for insertion into the body cavity. The probe body separates the body cavity from the treatment region to reduce exposure to doses from the ionizing radiation source. Radiation detectors are disposed along the probe body to measure at least one dose. A slot disposed adjacent the radiation detectors receives a dosimetry film that, upon exposure to the one or more doses from the ionizing radiation source, indicates a quantification of the doses. A coupling is in fluid communication with a removable sheath having coupled thereto a vacuum or a pump to remove fluid or gas from the body cavity and ensure inner wall of the body cavity is in contact with the sheath.

Abstract: Instruments used to analyze the chemical composition of samples must be calibrated to provide accurate results. Typically, standards are prepared that contain a known amount of the intended analyte to facilitate calibration of the analytical instrument. Various environmental issues are associated with use of mercury containing materials as standards for calibration of analytical instruments. Mercury and gold have very similar characteristic X-ray energies. Standards containing gold nanoparticles have been found to be a good surrogate for mercury in X-ray spectroscopy.

Abstract: An imaging system includes an input voltage setting unit that applies an input voltage to an Amp transistor, a setting output value acquisition unit that acquires a corresponding output for each pixel, and a calibration characteristic deriving unit that derives an input-output characteristic indicating a correspondence relationship between the input voltage and the output and derives a calibration characteristic to be used for calibration based on an inverse characteristic of the input-output characteristic.

Abstract: Terahertz imaging systems for endoscopy are provided. Terahertz imaging systems can be utilized in scanning tissue. Terahertz imaging systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention can include terahertz sources, terahertz detectors, and/or rotating elements. The terahertz sources can generate terahertz radiation and have plasmonic contact electrodes that can be illuminated by optical pump beams. The terahertz detectors can receive terahertz field data. The terahertz source and detector can be arranged in an array. The rotating elements can be mirror mounted at a particular angle on a micromotor. The terahertz source, rotating element, and terahertz detector can be arranged in an catheter.

Abstract: A spectrometer includes an interferometer having a first interference arm and a second interference arm to produce interference patterns from incident light. At least one of the interference arms includes a series of cascaded optical switches connected by two (or more) waveguides of different lengths. Each optical switch directs the incident light into one waveguide or another, thereby changing the optical path length difference between the first interference arm and the second interference arm. This approach can be extended to multi-mode incident light by placing parallel interferometers together, each of which performs spectroscopy of one single mode in the multi-mode incident light. To maintain the compactness of the spectrometer, adjacent interferometers can share one interference arm.

Abstract: A Ge-on-Si photodetector constructed without doping or contacting Germanium by metal is described. Despite the simplified fabrication process, the device has responsivity of 1.24 A/W, corresponding to 99.2% quantum efficiency. Dark current is 40 nA at ?4 V reverse bias. 3-dB bandwidth is 30 GHz.

Abstract: An imaging flow cytometry apparatus and method which allows registering multiple locations across a cell, and/or across multiple flow channels, in parallel using radio-frequency-tagged emission (FIRE) coupled with a parallel optical detection scheme toward increasing analysis throughput. An optical source is modulated by multiple RF frequencies to produce an optical interrogation beam having a spatially distributed beat frequency. This beam is directed to one or more focused streams of cells whose responsive fluorescence, in different frequencies, is registered in parallel by an optical detector.

Abstract: A system and method of protecting individuals from ionizing energy is provided. The system can determine a location of an individual with respect to a source of ionizing energy. Before the source emits ionizing energy, the system can determine patterns of ionizing energy expected to be generated by an expected emission from the source. The system can then determine if an individual is within a danger zone in which the individual is expected to receive a dose of ionizing energy above a predetermined amount. The system may also determine if an individual is outside of an optimal zone in which the individual is expected to receive less than a predetermined dose of ionizing energy without being unnecessarily distant from a working area. The system can provide a warning when an individual is within the danger or inefficient zones. Optionally, the system can prevent the source from emitting ionizing energy when an individual is within the danger zone.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods that provide effective way for simultaneous capture of infrared and non-infrared images from a single camera. In embodiments, a filter comprises at least two types of filters elements: (1) an infrared filter type that allows infrared light to pass through the filter element; and (2) at least one non-infrared filter type that allows light in a visible spectrum range or ranges to pass through the filter element. In embodiments, the filter elements form a pattern of the infrared filter elements and the non-infrared filter elements and is positioned relative to a camera's array of sensor cells to form a correspondence between sensor cells and filter elements. In embodiments, signals captured at the camera's sensor cells may be divided to form an infrared image and a visible light image that were captured simultaneous, which images may be used to determine depth information.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an infrared (IR) imaging system for determining a concentration of a target species in an object is disclosed. The imaging system can include an optical system including an optical focal plane array (FPA) unit. The optical system can have components defining at least two optical channels thereof, said at least two optical channels being spatially and spectrally different from one another. Each of the at least two optical channels can be positioned to transfer IR radiation incident on the optical system towards the optical FPA. The system can include a processing unit containing a processor that can be configured to acquire multispectral optical data representing said target species from the IR radiation received at the optical FPA. Said optical system and said processing unit can be contained together in a data acquisition and processing module configured to be worn or carried by a person.

Abstract: An X-ray detector includes a substrate, plural signal lines, plural scan lines, plural sensing units, and a first active device. The signal lines are disposed on the substrate. The scan lines are disposed on the substrate and intersecting with the signal lines. The sensing units are electrically connected to the signal lines and the scan lines. The first active device has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal configured to modulate a conduction between the first terminal and the second terminal. The first terminal of the first active device is connected to a first one of the signal lines, and the second terminal of the first active device is connected to a second one of the signal lines.

Abstract: An optical imager comprising an input lens system, a non-linear optic crystal, a pump source, and a photodetector array; the input lens system coupling input or incident light onto the non-linear optic crystal, the pump source providing pump light for the non-linear optical crystal, the non-linear optical crystal producing output light from a combination of the input light and the pump light, and the photodetector array detecting the output light produced by the non-linear optic crystal. The non-linear optic crystal preferably has a waveguided structure. The non-linear optic crystal has an optical cavity which is preferably shared with optical cavities of a plurality of lasers generating the pump light.

Abstract: An imager panel for an x-ray detector for obtaining x-ray images of an object is provided that includes a first portion disposed at the center of the hybrid imager panel that can produce images of a first resolution and a second portion disposed at least partially around the first portion that is capable of producing images of a second resolution. The hybrid imager panel provides a hybrid detector that can be selectively operated to obtain images of varying resolutions corresponding to the first resolution from the first portion, the second resolution from the second portion or a combination thereof.