Abstract: A highly sensitive particulate matter concentration measuring apparatus for measuring a concentration of particulate matter in a sample gas collected in a collecting region formed on a collecting medium, the collecting region being formed by drawing the sample gas through a cross-sectional area of the collecting medium, the collecting medium is a filter tape that includes a porous film made of a fluorine resin and a reinforcing layer provided on the porous film, the particulate matter concentration is measured using a beta-ray absorbing method while removing the error influences of naturally occurring beta radiation, and includes an additional impact type sampler or cyclone type sampler for filtering the sample gas prior to collecting the particulate matter in the collecting region.

Abstract: A golf equipment fitting system that uses advanced technology to not only objectively identify the optimum equipment for the golfer, but to also identify and help correct swing flaws so that the golfer can achieve optimum performance on the golf course. Thus, in one embodiment, golf fitting includes collecting data related to the golfer's swing and determining if the golfer's swing technique should be modified based at least in part on the collected swing data. When it is determined that the golfer's swing technique should be modified, then providing swing instruction to the golfer. When, however, it is determined that the golfer's swing technique is fine, then collecting data related to how the golfer's swing launches a golf ball. Finally, golf equipment, e.g., golf clubs, can be specified based on the collected swing data and launch data.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for determining the non precise placement of measuring sites on measuring sensors and for reducing measuring errors, which result from the movement between the measuring sites and the measuring sensors when measuring the most diverse quantities to be measured, with the aim of creating robust measuring systems for recording measured values under real or challenging conditions. The invention is characterized by: detecting whether and which sensor elements are covered and thus in contact with the site to be measured; tracking and/or adapting the sensor elements so that the contact is not interrupted even during movements, and; the resilient arrangement of the contacts for constantly maintaining the mechanical bearing pressure when measuring the electrical skin resistance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly corrosion-resistant diaphragm pressure sensor capable of obviating the effects of temperature drift that arises when a pressure-travel coefficient changes with temperature of a fluid whose pressure is sensed, and a method of manufacturing the same. A fluororesin thin film diaphragm pressure sensor comprises a pressure sensing element (10, 20) having a pressure receiving part with a deposition electrode formed on each of the opposing faces of sapphire or alumina ceramic diaphragms which are arranged in opposing relation, and a welding portion (10A, 20A) on a part of each of the surfaces of the diaphragms; and a fluororesin base (41, 61) for securing the pressure sensing element at the welding portion of the pressure sensing element. The pressure sensing element is coated with a fluororesin thin film having a cross-linked structure, and the pressure sensing element and the fluororesin base are welded together via the fluororesin thin film having a cross-linked structure.

Abstract: A torque sensor for a vehicle steering system includes a voltage boosting circuit that boosts a voltage supplied from a power source, an oscillator, a current amplifier, an inverting current amplifier, first and second coils, first and second resistors, a differential amplifier, a sampling pulse generator that generates a sampling pulse, a synchronous wave detector that detects the AC voltage output from the first differential amplifier, a first sample-and-hold circuit section that samples and holds the voltage output from the first synchronous wave detector, and a voltage-current converter that converts the voltage output from the first sample-and-hold circuit section into current and outputs the current as a torque signal Ts, thereby stably supplying power to the torque sensor for a steering system.

Abstract: A rotational sensor includes a detection element accommodated in a case and detecting a rotational motion of a rotor located outside the case to output a rotational signal, a terminal physically and electrically connected to the detection element, a connecting member electrically connected to the terminal to output the rotational signal from the terminal outside the rotational sensor and an elastic body fitted into the case by press-fitting and through which the terminal is inserted.

Abstract: A double variable reluctance resolver in which a redundancy is given to a variable reluctance resolver to improve reliability. The double variable reluctance resolver also functions as a multiple speed resolver system.

Abstract: A leak detector for an insulated duct carrying pressurized hot air comprises a cuff secured over a circumferential cut in the insulation of the duct, thereby creating a reservoir of hot air which has leaked from the duct, a manifold defining a conduit therein in communication with the hot air reservoir and a cap for securing heat sensitive wires to manifold at the end of the conduit such that the hot air from the hot air reservoir impinges directly on the heat sensitive wires.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determination of the depth of depressions which are formed in a mount substrate. According to the invention, an essentially uniform layer of a wetting agent is applied, which contains depressions, on a surface of the mount substrate, a time profile of the decrease in weight of the mount substrate is recorded, and the recorded time profile of the decrease in weight of the mount substrate is evaluated. The invention also relates to a measurement apparatus.

Abstract: A pressure transmitter has a housing (11) on which a pressure sensor (12) is fastened. There is provided in the housing a region, produced micromechanically, with reduced wall thickness that forms a separating diaphragm (22) such that the fluid located in a channel (16) does not act on the pressure sensor (12). The pressure sensor (12) is connected with a sensor diaphragm (24) directly to the separating diaphragm via a connecting layer (23), thereby rendering possible a highly space-saving design of the pressure transmitter. Consequently, the pressure transmitter can be formed, for example, by the pressure sensor and a channel structure, for example a microreactor, produced in a micromechanical design. A small dead volume in the channel structure is thereby produced in the region of the pressure transmitter.

Abstract: A recognition force microscope for detecting interactions between a probe and a sensed agent on a scanned surface and methods for its operation are provided. The microscope includes a scanning probe having a tip that is sensitive to a property of the scanned surface, and the probe is adapted to oscillate with a low mechanical Q factor. Operation of the microscope includes recording the displacement of the probe tip as a function of time and simultaneously recording both topographic images and the spatial location of interactions between said probe and one or more sensed agents on the surface.

Abstract: A technique includes providing a deposition measuring device having a deposition from a fluid sample on an interior surface of the device. The technique also includes operating the device with a solvent to produce a solvent solution that contains the deposition. The solvent solution is used to quantify at least one chemical compound that is present in the deposition.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the on-site determination of water content in crude oil. The water content of crude oil is determined by mixing a sample of the crude oil with a fixed amount of molecular sieves. The electromagnetic characteristics of the molecular sieves upon mixing with the sample are then measured and used to determine the water content of the sample. This provides a simple approach to measuring the moisture content in crude oil that is extremely fast, accurate, and reproducible without the use of hazardous chemicals.

Abstract: A test procedure and a metal detector having transmitting coils, receiving coils and an electronic processing circuit adapted to detect variations in the signals received by the receiving coils against a reference value. The metal detector, also includes a test module which has a selector able to detect a test request, and a controller, used when a test request is detected by the selector, able to compare the signals from the receiving coils during the subsequent passing of a known standard reference object with a predetermined response through the detector.

Abstract: A compact sensor system integrates electric and/or magnetic field sensors to accurately measure, with a high level of sensitivity, one or more electric and magnetic vector components of fields. The electric and magnetic field data can be utilized separately or combined. The sensor system is self-contained so as to include a built-in power source, as well as data storage and/or transmission capability. The integrated sensor system also preferably includes a global positioning system (GPS) to provide timing and position information, a sensor unit which can determine the orientation and tilt of the sensor system, and self-calibrating structure which produces local electric and/or magnetic fields used to calibrate the sensor system following deployment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for artificially ageing a catalyst device for use on a catalyst test bench for converting exhaust gases comprising at least one constituent from the group consisting of C-, HC- and NOx-containing constituents, in which method hot ageing gas which comprises at least one constituent from the group consisting of C-, HC- and NOx-containing constituents is allowed to flow through the catalyst device, and to a corresponding apparatus.

Abstract: A gas sensor having a first end and a second end includes a hollow cylindrical housing having a flange which protrudes from outer periphery thereof, a sensing element fixed in the housing, and a heat conduction inhibitor disposed on a first end of the flange so as to prevent deterioration of parts of the gas sensor by decreasing heat conduction through the gas sensor.

Abstract: A sensing element for determining a physical property of a gas mixture, in particular the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, includes a sensor element, arranged in a housing and connected to at least one electrical cable, as well as a molded piece, which seals the housing and is made of an elastically deformable material, which encloses the at least one cable in a gas-tight manner by radial compression. To ensure the gas-tightness of the cable feed-through also under a higher temperature load, which results in decreased elasticity of the molded piece, a spring element is arranged inside the molded piece, which is able to be tensioned by the radial compression and in the tensioned state generates a force component that acts on the cables in a radial direction.

Abstract: A method is proposed for measuring water permeability of substrates (1). A reactive compound (Ca, Ba) which reacts with a diffusing material, e.g. water, is applied on the substrate and the change in time of transmissivity, reflectivity of the layer is monitored in time.

Abstract: A method for making fluid elasticity measurements using an extensional viscometer (100) is disclosed, where stress is not directly measured but is inferred from an accurate measurement of the change in the rate of flow of a liquid during passage through a vertical capillary (104). The flow rate changes when the liquid jet, also called the liquid filament, leaving a first capillary (104), is stretched by the application of vacuum forces. Steady flow is established almost instantly by using a constant liquid head (102, 118) above the capillary, and the flow rate is determined by timing the interval for liquid to drain between two marks (110, 112) on the liquid reservoir surface. Extensional viscosity can be calculated as a ratio of the tensile stress and stretch rate of the liquid at different axial positions.