Abstract: The present invention provides a color cathode-ray tube that can attenuate vibration of an entire shadow mask positively with a simple structure. The color cathode-ray tube comprises a frame-shaped mask frame and a shadow mask in which many apertures are formed in a flat plate, the shadow mask being stretched and fixed in the mask frame in a condition in which a tension force is applied in one direction. The amplitude in the end portions of the shadow mask is not less than a certain amount relative to the amplitude in the center portion of the shadow mask, in a resonance of the shadow mask caused by a vibration propagated to the color cathode-ray tube. Furthermore, by providing vibration attenuators at the end portions of the shadow mask, vibrations at the end portions of the shadow mask are attenuated as the side surfaces of the shadow mask slide on the vibration attenuators. Thus, vibration of the entire shadow mask can be extinguished positively.

Abstract: A color selection means is described in which the mask (50) is stretched under tension and connected to a support frame. The support frame accurately determines the mask contour, while the mask is connected to this frame in a flexible way by mechanical means so that differences in expansion behavior of the mask and the frame can be handled. These connection means can be either lugs or resilient elements (59). Such a color selection means may be used in a color display tube having an at least substantially flat display screen.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for stabilizing the threshold voltage in an active matrix field emission device. The method includes the formation of radiation blocking elements between a cathodoluminescent display screen of the FED and semiconductor junctions formed on a baseplate of the FED.

Abstract: Germanium needles as emitter electrodes for use in low particle generating gas ionizers in general and static eliminators in particular. They oxidize with minimal incorporation of nitrogen, and the negative polarity emitters oxidize at a greater rate than the positive polarity emitters. Negative polarity silicon emitters generate several orders of magnitude greater particle emissions than either positive or negative germanium electrodes. The mean particle size is about 0.015 &mgr;m. No particles were shed from these needles. Lowest particle generation is achieved when germanium electrodes are purged with dry air.

Abstract: A ceramic substrate for mounting a field emission cathode is secured on the lower surface of a metal flange for assembly of an electron lens of a cathode ray tube, and the mounting position of the field emission cathode on the ceramic substrate is determined with reference to the metal flange.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flat color display screen including a cathode associated with an electron extraction grid, an anode provided with at least two types of phosphor elements, all polarized to a same potential, and at least two additional superposed grids, positioned on the extraction grid, and each provided with holes defining sub-pixels associated with each of the colors. Each additional grid is associated with a color and some of the holes thereof are of smaller diameter than the coaxially corresponding holes of the other additional grids, for activating the sub-pixels of the corresponding color.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plasma display panel, comprising a rear substrate provided with ribs defining discharge cells, address electrodes and phosphor layers, and a front substrate provided with transparent electrodes extending in a direction perpendicular to the address electrodes, a transparent dielectric layer and a protective layer, discharge being brought about within the discharge cell formed between the rear substrate and the front substrate to excite the phosphor contained in the phosphor layer so as to cause the phosphor to emit a visible light. In this plasma display panel, the phosphor particles forming the phosphor layer have an average particle size of 0.1 to 5 .mu.m and a ratio of the largest curvature to the smallest curvature of at most 1.5. Also, the magnitude of the irregularities on the surface of the phosphor particle is at most 5% of the diameter of the phosphor particle.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an organic light emitting device having a substrate, and at least one conductor formed on the substrate. A first insulator layer is formed on the at least one conductor and the substrate. The insulator layer includes at least one pixel opening formed therein defining a pixel area. A second insulator layer is formed on the first insulator layer. The organic light emitting device also include an OLED layer formed on the at least one conductor in the pixel area. The organic light emitting device may further include a sealing structure formed over the OLED layer. The sealing structure includes at least one material formed over the OLED layer. The first insulator layer and the sealing structure form a protective barrier around the OLED layer. The first insulator layer includes a uniformly sloping surface surrounding the pixel area. The OLED layer preferably extends over the uniformly sloping surface.

Abstract: Carbon cone and carbon whisker field emitters are disclosed. These field emitters find particular usefulness in field emitter cathodes and display panels utilizing said cathodes. The carbon cone and carbon whisker field emitters can be formed by ion beam bombardment (e.g., ion beam etching) of carbon materials (e.g., bulk carbon, carbon films or carbon fibers).

Abstract: The illumination system (21) includes two radiation sources (23, 25) and an optical system for concentrating the radiation into beams, a common polarizing system (11) for splitting the beams (b.sub.I, b.sub.II) into linearly polarized sub-beams, and at least one polarization-rotating element (35). The polarizing system includes at least one optically transparent plate (11) having a refractive index n.sub.0 and a first face and a second face. At least one of these faces is provided with an optically thin layer having a refractive index n.sub.1 which is larger than n.sub.0. The light path of the sub-beams whose directions of polarizations are not to be converted incorporates a reflector (41, 43) for reflecting the sub-beams into the same direction of propagation as that of the other sub-beams.

Abstract: To propose a color cathode-ray tube which increases the degree of freedom in designing its main electron lens, decreases the electron beam spot diameter, and achieves high resolution, in which between the focusing electrode (15) applied with the focusing voltage (Vf) and the anode electrode (17) applied with the anode voltage (Va), there is provided the intermediate electrode (16) applied with the potential Vm which is higher than the focusing voltage (Vf) and lower than the anode voltage (Va), and the focusing electrode (15), the anode electrode (17) and the intermediate electrode (16) are respectively formed of cylindrical bodies each having an ellipse cross-section and closed by the electric field correcting electrode plates (25, 26, 27, 28) having three electron beam penetrating portions bored therethrough so as to be arrayed in an in-line fashion.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device contains an electron focusing system (37 or 37A) formed with a base focusing structure (38 or 38A) and a focus coating (39 or 39A) that penetrates partway into a focus opening (40) extending through the base focusing structure above an electron-emissive element (24). The focus coating is normally of lower resistivity than the base focusing structure and thereby provides most of the focus control over electrons emitted by the electron-emissive element. The focus coating is typically formed by an angled deposition technique.

Abstract: A colour display tube 1 has a shadow mask 12 in a supporting frame 20. The supporting frame comprises at least two sides 22 which bend when the temperature increases. This causes the distance between the shadow mask and the display screen to change. An improvement of "overall doming" is possible.

Abstract: A reflector/lamp assembly employs a heat-sink component that includes a rigid, elongate, relatively wide and thin conductor element which is disposed forwardly of the reflector rim and extends radially to a distal point lying substantially beyond the axial projection of the rim. The heat-sink component efficiently dissipates thermal energy without attenuating the reflected radiation and without imposing physical constraints or stresses.

Abstract: A discharge lamp includes a lamp tube containing a noble gas, two internal electrodes, and a secondary electrode disposed outside and close to the surface of the lamp tube. In one embodiment, studs are disposed on the lamp tube so as to affix the secondary electrode. In an alternate embodiment, a reflector includes an indentation pointing toward the lamp tube and configured as the secondary ignition wire.

Abstract: A deflection yoke including a saddle shaped horizontal deflection coil, a saddle shaped vertical deflection coil located outside the saddle shaped horizontal deflection coil, and a core located outside the saddle shaped vertical deflection coil, wherein the screen side flange portion (66) of the saddle shaped horizontal deflection coil has a contour (63) of a smoothly curved line and the ratio (r=c/d) of the maximum width (c) to the maximum height (d) for the flange portion (66) is in the range of from 2.2 to 3.5. The present deflection yoke provides improved image quality.

Abstract: A flat panel display includes a magnetic material for focusing electrons onto a faceplate or phosphors of each pixel on a screen. In one embodiment, a display screen includes a faceplate having a magnetic material (30) deposited thereon. In an alternate embodiment, a field emission display including a substrate (11) with a cathode conductor (12); electron emitting tips (13) disposed over the cathode conductor (12); an insulator (14) disposed around the electron emitting tips (13); a conductive gate (15) over the insulator (14); and a magnetic material layer (19) for focusing electrons emitted from the emitting tips (13).

Abstract: A cathode ray tube includes an electron gun having a plurality of electrodes, an electron beam deflection device and a phosphor screen. A method of correcting deflection defocusing in the cathode ray tube includes placement of pole pieces of magnetic material in a deflection magnetic field produced by the electron beam deflection device and thereby establishing a non-uniform magnetic field varying in synchronism with the deflection magnetic field in a path of an electron beam and correcting deflection defocusing of the electron beam corresponding to deflection of the electron beam in amount. The pole pieces are disposed within 50 mm from a magnetic core of the electron beam deflection device toward a cathode of the electron gun.

Abstract: An electron source includes a photocathode (20) for emitting electrons on excitation by incident light radiation. A permanent magnet (60) is perforated by a plurality of channels extending between opposite poles of the magnet (60). The magnet (60) generates, in each channel, a magnetic field which forms electrons received from the photocathode (20) into an electron beam for guidance towards a target (90). A shutter device (22) is provided having an array of addressable shutter elements, each selectively actuable to alternately admit and block passage of light radiation onto the photocathode (20) in response to an address signal.

Abstract: An electron gun for a cathode ray tube includes an accelerating electrode to be supplied with a maximum voltage, a focus disposed adjacent to and spaced from the accelerating electrode, and a focus-corrective electrode adjacent to and spaced from the focus electrode. The accelerating electrode and the focus electrode form a first electron lens for focusing the electron beams stronger in a direction parallel to an in-line direction of the electron beams than in a direction perpendicular to the in-line direction, and the focus-corrective electrode is configured so as to form a quadrupole lens by application thereto of a voltage which is lower than a voltage applied to the focus electrode in cooperation with the focus electrode for elongating a cross-section of the electron beams horizontally, and is adapted to be supplied with a voltage which increases with increasing deflection of the electron beams and which is lower than the voltage applied to the focus electrode.