Abstract: According to the photomultiplier tube, the dynode unit 10 is constructed from a plurality of stages of dynodes 11 laminated one on another for multiplying incident electrons in a cascade manner through each of a plurality of channels. The anode unit 13 has a plurality of anodes 24 which define a plurality of electron passage gaps 14 each for transmitting the electrons emitted from the dynode unit 10 at a corresponding channel. The inverting dynode plate 15 is provided with a plurality of electron incident strips 17 each for receiving electrons having passed through a corresponding electron passage gap 14 in the anode unit 13, multiplying the electrons, and guiding the electrons back to the corresponding anode 24.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube is disclosed having a first dynode array and a second dynode array oriented substantially orthogonal to the first dynode to provide a shortened profile. The first dynode array is preferably a box-and-grid dynode array and the second dynode array is preferably an in-line dynode array. A focusing electrode is positioned between the last dynode of the first dynode array and the first dynode of the second dynode array. The focusing electrode is constructed and arranged to facilitate the transfer of electrons emitted from the first dynode array to the second dynode array without generating secondary electrons.

Abstract: This invention provides a multi-color light emission apparatus wherein a transparent inorganic oxide substrate (4) is disposed between an organic EL device (1) and a fluorescent layer (3) in such a manner as to arrange the fluorescent layer (3) with a gap with the organic EL device (1), and the organic EL device (1) is sealed by sealing means (5) between the transparent inorganic oxide substrate (4) and a support substrate (2). The invention provides also a multi-color light emission apparatus wherein a transparent insulating inorganic oxide layer (12) having a thickness of 0.01 to 200 .mu.m is interposed between the fluorescent layer (3) and the organic EL device (1). In this way, light emission life and angle-of-view characteristics can be improved.

Abstract: A flat display screen includes a cathode (1) with microtips (2) for the electron bombardment of the anode (5) having phosphor elements (7r, 7g, 7b), the cathode (1) and the anode (5) separated by a vacuum space (12) containing a progressive hydrogen release source comprised of a thin layer of hydrogenated material. The progressive hydrogen release source may comprise a resistive layer (11) of the cathode (1) on which the microtips (2) are arranged. The progressive hydrogen release source provides the microtips (2) with a substantially constant emitting power.

Abstract: A field emission type cold cathode includes a gate electrode (5), and insulating layer (4) disposed under the gate electrode (5), and emitter cones (7) respectively disposed in cavities penetrating through the insulating layer (4) and the gate electrode (5). The cathode includes a conductive layer (3) which is in contact with the emitter cones (7), and a second insulating layer (2) in the form of a plurality of islands and disposed between the conductive layer (3) and a substrate (1). The conductive layer (3) is electrically connected to the substrate (1) at contact regions. In a preferred embodiment, the conductive layer (3) has pocket regions (3c) for connecting the conductive layer (3) with the substrate (1). The pockets (3c) have a first conductivity, wherein the conductive layer (3) has a second conductivity in the regions that are proximate to the areas in contact with the cones (7). The second conductivity is greater than the first conductivity.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube includes an electron gun including electrodes (5, 6) forming a main lens (38) for shaping three in line electron beams, and a shield cup arranged neighboring the electrodes (5, 6) forming the main lens to protect the shaped electron beams from an external environment along a tubular axis, the electrodes (5, 6) forming the main lens (38), and the shield cup arranged in order along the tubular axis; wherein a deflection aberration correcting electrode (39) is provided in a bottom portion of the shield cup, the deflection aberration correcting electrode (39) changing the focusing or diverging action of the electron beams to change the diameter of the beams depending upon the amount of deflection of the electron beams.

Abstract: A high pressure mercury ultraviolet lamp with high dimensional accuracy in which the emitter material during lamp operation is prevented from spraying and being deposited on the wall of the discharge vessel and the UV radiation transmission factor is prevented from being reduced is achieved by the fact that at least one of a group of halides which consists of halides of yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, dysprosium, gadolinium and thorium and at least one of a group of halides which consists of halides of alkali metal elements are filled at a filling ratio in the range from 1:4 to 1:20 to one another as a molar fraction. This also yields the same action as the application of emitter material to the upholding parts of the electrodes. Furthermore, high dimensional accuracy can be ensured by the measure by which the discharge vessel is made of a translucent ceramic, such as YAG.

Abstract: A luminescent screen includes a luminescent zeolite containing rare earths, such as terbium (Tb), and europium (Eu), and an oxide of a transition metal, such as, molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), and tantalum (Ta). It was found that a zeolite containing both terbium, and tungsten oxide had an absorbability that was approximately 60 times as high as that of a zeolite containing only terbium, thus increasing the luminescent efficiency of the zeolite.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring cyclotron operation includes a sensing and monitoring system having vacuum sensor for sensing whether an acceleration chamber associated with the cyclotron is evacuated, a target sensor for sensing various target conditions which would indicate a faulty target condition, and a synthesis sensor for sensing whether the synthesis of the positron-emitting radio chemical is proceeding as desired. The system and method also includes an alarm feature for alarming or otherwise notifying a radio chemist or technician that one or more of the aforementioned cyclotron failures has occurred before the failure damages equipment or otherwise causes a significant delay or cancellation in the production of the radio chemical which is subsequently injected into a patient during a positron-emitting tomography procedure. The system and method senses the various fault conditions and generating one or more user-friendly display and subsequent alarm in response thereto.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube includes a vacuum envelope formed of a panel portion having a phosphor screen on its inner surface and suspending a shadow mask therein, a neck portion having a stem sealed to one end thereof and a funnel portion for connecting the other end of the neck portion and the panel-portion. The stem has a plurality of stem pins annularly arrayed, sealed thereto and extending therethrough for supporting an electron gun in the neck portion. A stem mound is raised and formed integrally with the stem around a base of each of stem pins on a electron-gun-supporting side thereof. A first distance R1 is defined as a distance from a center axis of the neck portion to an inner wall in a region of the neck portion facing a major portion of the electron gun, a second distance R2 is defined as a distance from the center axis to an outside edge of the stem mound, measured at half an axial height of said stem mound, and a third distance is defined as a distance from an inner wall to the center axis.

Abstract: A low pressure mercury vapor fluorescent lamp includes a lamp vessel having a mercury protective coating on the inner surface of the lamp envelope and a halophosphate phosphor layer. The lamp has a discharge sustaining filling including mercury and a rare gas. The level of mercury is selected such that the lamp has a standard average lamp life of about 20,000 hours while passing the Environmental Protection Agency's Toxicity Characteristic Leachate Procedure (TCLP) test and the State of California's Waste Extraction Test (WET).

Abstract: A black matrix color cathode-ray tube includes red, green, and blue luminescent patterns, wherein each of the red luminescent patterns has a wider area than each of the green and the blue luminescent patterns. The red, the green, and the blue luminescent patterns may be either of stripe or of dot shape. Preferably, the green and the blue luminescent patterns have a common area. More preferably, each green luminescent pattern has a wider area than each blue luminescent pattern. The cathode-ray tube displays one of red, green, and blue colors even when ones of the red, the green, and the blue luminescent patterns are selectively excited concurrently with others of the red, the green, and the blue luminescent patterns undesirably excited.

Abstract: A field emission display (400) includes a cathode plate (410), an anode plate (430), and a mechanical support/getter assembly (300) being disposed between the cathode plate (410) and the anode plate (430). The mechanical support/getter assembly (300) includes a unitary spacer-frame assembly (310) made from a photosensitive glass. A method for fabricating the mechanical support/getter assembly (300) includes the steps of: selectively exposing inter-spacer regions (110) and a getter frame region (120) of a layer (100) of the photosensitive glass to UV radiation, heating the layer (100) to crystallize the UV-exposed regions, and removing the crystallized inter-spacer regions (110) and partially removing the crystallized getter frame regions by contacting the layer (100) with an acid, thereby forming spacer ribs (314) and a getter land (322). The method further includes providing a getter frame (320) on the spacer land (322).

Abstract: A field emission display includes a substrate (400) having a trench (402) formed therein, an emitter (418) formed in the trench (402), a dielectric layer (412) disposed on the substrate (400), and a grid material layer (406) disposed on the dielectric layer (412). The dielectric layer (412) is exposed by a planarization method. Consequently, the emitter (418) is necessarily aligned with the opening in the grid material layer (406). An electric field applied to the grid material layer (406) activates emitter (418) to emit electrons (416) to strike a faceplate (414).

Abstract: The discharge lamp has a discharge vessel (10) and a socket (20) made of an electrically insulating material. Two electrodes (12, 13) project into the discharge vessel (10), with which electrical lines (16,17) are connected, which are conducted through the socket (20). A first electrically conductive component (22) is connected with the one line (16), and a second electrically conductive component (26) is connected with the other line (17), surrounds the first component (22) and is separated from it by the insulating material of the socket (20). The two components (22, 26), together with the insulating material of the socket (20), constitute a capacitive component, which is switched in parallel between the two lines (16,17), thus preventing or at least reducing the spreading of electromagnetic interference along the lines (16,17).

Abstract: A display device is provided with a window frame (7). This window frame is arranged on the front wall (2). A vacuum-tight connection (10) is formed between the window frame and the front wall, and between the window frame and a rear wall (3) or a projecting portion of an intermediate element (4). The window frame reduces the risk of leakage, reinforces the construction and makes possible an improved method of manufacturing the display device.

Abstract: In a spark plug, a cylindrical metal shell is provided whose inner wall has a ledge portion on which an insulator rests through its seat portion. The insulator has an axial bore in which a center electrode is placed whose front end has a heat-resistant metal tip. A ground electrode is provided to form a spark gap with the noble metal tip of the center electrode. The insulator forms an insulator nose which measures less than 15 mm in length. The heat-resistant metal tip measures less than 0.8 mm in diameter. A space between an outer surface of the center electrode and an inner wall of a front open end of the axial bore is defined to be more than 0.1 mm in width.

Abstract: A field emission cathode (40) includes field emitting bodies (42) in the form of fibers, and a base body having a longitudinally extending core (41) formed by at least two wires (43) between which the fibers are secured. The fibers are distributed along at least a part of the length of the core (41) and extend radially outwards from the core. A light source (10) includes an evacuated container having walls at least a portion of which consists of an outer glass layer (23) on which at least a major part thereof is coated on the inside with a layer of phosphor (24) forming a luminescent layer, and a conductive layer forming an anode (25). The layer of phosphor (24) is excited to luminescence by electron bombardment from a field emission cathode (40) located in the interior of the container, and a modulator electrode or grid (30) is arranged between the cathode (40) and the anode (25) for creating an electric field for the emission of electrons.

Abstract: An improved inline electron gun of the invention includes a plurality of electrodes spaced from three cathodes. The electrodes form at least a beam forming region and a main focus lens in the paths of three electron beams, a center beam and two side beams. The main focus lens is formed by the facing portions of two electrodes. The improvement comprises the facing portions of the main focus electrodes including a first part, and a second part positioned within the first part. The first part includes a single aperture therein. The second part includes three inline apertures therein. The first part includes four spaced ledges, and the second part is attached to the four ledges.

Abstract: A superconducting cyclotron is provided that includes a superconducting magnet. This superconducting magnet is arranged to provide a magnetic field that extends axially through a chamber which includes a radially extending beam space. There is further an interaction within the chamber between the axially extending magnetic field and RF energy that energizes particles that are circulating within the beam space. There is further a linear accelerator that is aligned with and exposed to the axially extending magnetic field of the superconducting cyclotron. The output of this linear accelerator communicates with an input to the beam space so that the particles for acceleration within the beam space are pre-accelerated by the linear accelerator.