Abstract: The system comprises at least one combustion chamber, an expansion turbine, an air compressor driven by the expansion turbine, and means for coupling the expansion turbine to at least one external receiver of mechanical energy. The system further includes means for injecting water to constitute a thermal ballast in the combustion chamber, the quantity of compressed air used remaining close to the quantity of oxidizing air required for stoichiometric combustion.

Abstract: Fuel contacting elements for gas turbines comprise high temperature alloys having a coke inhibiting layer of alumina thereupon.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling turbine components of a gas turbofan engine in which air to be cooled is directed along a first annular, radially extending path away from the engine and cooled by bypass air. The cooled air is returned to the engine along a second radially-extending path concentric to the first path. In a preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger is a standpipe extending from the compressor outlet to the bypass air duct and includes inner and outer tubular members oriented concentrically to form inner and outer counterflowing air flow paths which also are concentrically arranged. The outer member is mounted on the combustor casing and the inner member on a diffuser within the casing. Accordingly, no mechanical connection exists between the inner and outer members.

Abstract: A gas and steam turbine plant has a gas turbine producing exhaust gas, a water-steam loop in which water is preheated at a given high pressure and subsequently evaporated, a steam turbine in the water-steam loop, and a steam generator through which the exhaust gas flows for generating steam for the steam turbine. The steam generator has at least one preheater connected to the water-steam loop and a high-pressure heater connected downstream of at least one preheater. The water-steam loop has a partial loop connected parallel to the at least one preheater outside the steam generator for carrying an adjustable throughput quantity. A heat exchanger is disposed in the steam generator in the vicinity of the at least one preheater for removing usable heat.

Abstract: This invention relates to an injector in which fluid is injected into a reaction region 30 after pressurization and translation in traveling cells 20 between crests 46 of traveling waves of one or more waveplates 12 made of shear transducer material. Multiple phases of applied electrical stimulation cause electrical segments of the waveplate to form traveling waves by shearing in a predetermined sequence of amplitudes. Inlet wave amplitude taper 14 provides a prescribed state of inlet fluid acceleration. Outlet wave amplitude taper 18 predetermines the degree of mixing of two or more exiting fluids. Self filtering, valve action, high pressure, and high mass flow are provided with few and relatively benign modes of apparatus degradation due to friction. High system efficiency results from absence of rubbing and the recirculation of stored energy. The fluid delivery rate is smooth, continuous, and electrically variable. Balance of the mass flow rate of two or more fluids is electrically controlled.

Abstract: An integral gas compressor and internal combustion engine. The compressor is built by converting a portion of an internal combustion engine to a compressor by removing the original engine head and valve train and replacing these with a compressor head assembly. The compressor head assembly includes compressor valves and valve chairs for holding the compressor valves in place. An inlet manifold encloses all of the valve chairs and places all of the inlet flow paths through the valve chairs in communication with a gas source. The head defines a discharge passageway therethrough which is in communication with a discharge opening. A venting system is provided to vent any gas that might build up in the compressor due to leakage past the piston rings and to transfer this vented gas to a fuel inlet of the engine, as desired. An oil viscosity sensing system is provided for sensing the oil viscosity in the crankcase and shutting down the engine when the viscosity drops below a prdetermined level.

Abstract: This invention relates to a clutch mechanism for selective power transmission between starter means and an engine. More particularly, the invention discloses a dual clutch mechanism for use in selectively coupling a turbine driven starter assembly with a gas turbine engine to affect engine start up and disengage thereafter. The invention provides a clutch mechanism, comprised of two clutches in series, which can deliver positive torque transmission from a starter to an engine at any speed within an operating range and disengages at any speed greater than the operating range.

Abstract: A wave rotor system includes a wave rotor coupled to first and second end plates. Special ports are provided, one in each of the first and second end plates, to cancel expansion waves generated by the release of working fluid from the wave rotor. One of the expansion waves is reflected in the wave rotor from a reflecting portion, and provided to the special port in the second end plate. Fluid present at the special port in the second end plate has a stagnation pressure and mass flow which is substantially the same as that of the cells of the wave rotor communicating with such special port. This allows for cancellation of the expansion wave generated by the release of working fluid from the wave rotor. The special port in the second end plate has a first end corresponding substantially to the head of the expansion wave, and a second end corresponding substantially to the tail of the expansion wave.

Abstract: Light transmission and alignment apparatus for electro-optically coupling to electronic instrument display panels and including a plurality of light emitting diodes mounted on one major surface of a printed circuit board aligned within an electronic instrument housing. A plurality of light pipes are coupled, respectively, between the plurality of light emitting diodes and a display panel on an outer surface of the electronic instrument housing. The light pipes are joined in a one piece molded construction to orthogonally positioned frame members which are received by the printed circuit board for aligning the light pipes in all of the X, Y, and Z axes within the instrument housing. The light pipes are gently curved upwardly and outwardly from the LEDs on the adjacent PC board major surface and along a 90.degree. radius of curvature to lens on the display panel.

Abstract: The gas turbine includes a combustor 10 having a transition piece 18 with its exit end spaced from a first-stage nozzle 22. A brush seal 26 seals about the space between the transition piece and first-stage nozzle. The brush seal includes a sealing cap 28 supported by one of the transition piece and the first-stage nozzle and having a portion 38 overlying the other of the transition piece and first-stage nozzle. A seal ring 30 is secured to the other of the transition piece and the first-stage nozzle and carries bristles 32 projecting therefrom for engagement with the overlying portion 38 of the sealing cap 28 to seal the gap between the transition piece and the first-stage nozzle.

Abstract: A fog lamp assembly has a retainer for the fog lamp and is mounted in a socket in the plastic facia covering the front bumper of an automobile. The rear wall at the base of the socket covers only the lower portion of the base, providing an open space above the rear wall. The upper edge of the rear wall has laterally spaced notches, and studs projecting rearwardly from the retainer are secured in these notches by nuts. When the lamp and retainer are manipulated during installation and removal, the studs enter and exit the notches through the open tops of the notches and also through the open space above the rear wall. Preferably the rear part of the annular wall of the socket is cut away to provide an extension of the open space.

Abstract: A coal gasification composite power generation system including a primary combustor (2) for effecting high temperature combustion of coal fuel (8) under a reducing condition by compressed air or oxygen supplied from a compressor (1), a secondary combustor (3) for effecting complete combustion of the resulting product gas of the primary combustor, the secondary combustor (3) being supplied with the primary combustor product gas, air or oxygen for complete burning of the primary combustor product gas and an additive gas for controlling the combustion gas temperature in the secondary combustor consisting either of steam or carbon dioxide, a gas turbine (4) for driving the compressor (1) and driven by a working fluid consisting of the resulting combustion gas from the secondary combustor. Disposed in series downstream of the gas turbine are a waste heat system generator (5, 18) a desulfurizer (6) and a condenser (7) for separating CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O from the exhaust gas of the gas turbine (4). Either CO.sub.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes a fan, fan bypass duct, compressor, core duct, and turbine including a clearance control system. The core duct includes a bleed valve, the fan bypass duct includes a bleed vent, and a bleed pipe is disposed in flow communication therebetween. A feed pipe is disposed in flow communication between the bleed pipe and the clearance control system. The apparatus is effective for practicing a method of bleeding a portion of compressed air from the core duct to the fan bypass duct during a first mode of operation, and diverting a portion of the bleed air from the bleed pipe into the feed pipe for flow to the clearance control system at a low flowrate during the first mode. During a second mode of operation, the method includes bleeding a portion of the fan air from the fan bypass duct and through the feed pipe to the clearance control system while discontinuing bleeding of the compressed air from the core duct.

Abstract: The exhaust casing of a turbojet engine has a polygonal cross-section and carries at least three hanging lugs provided with holes designed to receive fixing axles of a rear suspension structure for the engine. The axes of these holes are situated at vertices of the polygon defined by the cross-section of the casing, and this polygon is regular except at the position of each of the hanging lugs, where it is deformed to displace the respective vertex radially outward.

Abstract: A plasma jet igniter is used to reliably relight a jet engine at high altitudes under adverse combustion conditions. The air-fuel mixture from the primary combustion zone of the jet engine combustor may be used as the plasma medium or, alternatively, liquid fuel direct from the aircraft fuel system may be used as a fuel charge.

Abstract: A method for combined cycle electrical power generation comprises utilizing a coal hydrogenator 2 and a reactor 1 for producing from a methane-rich gas a hot crude hydrogen-containing gas which is fed directly (apart from an optional quenching stage) to the coal hydrogenator. The coal hydrogenator produces gaseous and liquid products which are combusted to drive a gas turbine 5 which drives an electrical generator 6. The hydrogenator also produces char which is combusted in a boiler 10 to form steam to drive a steam turbine 11 which, in turn, drives another electrical generator 12. Such direct use of the hot crude gas avoids having to preheat hydrogen-containing feed to the hydrogenator.

Abstract: A supersonic combustion ramjet having a supersonic combustor. The supersonic combustor has a backward-facing step formed in a wall thereof and a forward-facing ramp formed in the wall downstream from the step. Hydrogen fuel is injected into the air flow by axially-directed fuel injectors disposed in the step and/or normally-directed fuel injectors disposed in the ramp. The ramp is inclined toward the center of the combustor so that fuel from the fuel injectors is turned into the main flow. The ensures rapid mixing which enables combustion to be completed within a distance on the order of one foot.

Abstract: A method for combined cycle electrical power generation comprises utilizing a coal hydrogenator 1 to produce gaseous, liquid and char products. The gaseous product, an optionally the liquid product, is combusted to drive a gas turbine 4, which in turn drives a first electrical generator 5, whilst the char is fed to a boiler 9 and combusted therein to produce steam to drive a steam turbine 10 which in turn drives a second electrical generator 11. The method enables electrical power to be generated from gaseous, lqiuid and char products produced by the coal hydrogenator.

Abstract: A gas and steam turbine plant includes a steam turbine having a water-steam loop. A waste heat boiler which is connected downstream of a gas turbine includes a high-pressure preheater connected in the water-steam loop, a high-pressure heater connected downstream of the high-pressure preheater, a low-pressure heater connected upstream of the high-pressure preheater, and an evaporator of a medium-pressure heater. A coal gasification plant is connected upstream of the gas turbine. An outflow line leads into the coal gasification plant and is connected to the water-steam loop downstream of the high-pressure preheater, as seen in water flow direction. A water-steam drum communicates with the outflow line and is connected to the evaporator. A method for operating the plant includes generating steam for the steam turbine with working fluid expanded in the gas turbine.

Abstract: A liquid chromatographic method and apparatus is disclosed which employs an improved pump not requiring driven pistons or sliding seals. The pump comprises at least one length of tubing forming a chamber disposed between first and second check valves, controllable heating means to periodically heat liquid in said chamber effective to pump relatively low volumes of liquid from the chamber at relatively high pressures, means for measuring the pressure developed by the pump, and control means to increase and decrease the amount of heat imparted to the liquid to maintain the pump operation at a controlled pressure setpoint.