Abstract: Products having single phases or solid solutions of the formula M.sub.3 X.sub.1 Z.sub.2 wherein M is a transition metal, X is Si, Al or Ge and Z is B, C or N can be prepared by taking a powdered mixture containing M, X and Z to a temperature of about 1000.degree. C. to about 1800.degree. C., optionally simultaneously under a pressure of about 5 MPa to about 200 MPa. The products so formed have excellent shock resistance, oxidation resistance and machinability. The products may also be present as composites, preferably composites which are in thermal equilibrium with the single phase or solid solutions of the formula M.sub.3 X.sub.1 Z.sub.2.

Abstract: The invention is a nitrogen oxide trap comprising a porous support; and catalysts comprising platinum and either sodium, potassium, or their mixture loaded on the porous support. The sodium, potassium, or sodium/potassium mixture is present in a significantly high loading of at least 30 weight percent, and the platinum comprises 0.2-3 weight percent, based on the weight of the porous support. The trap may be used in an internal combustion engine exhaust gas catalyst system. During lean-burn operation of the engine the trap sorbs nitrogen oxides (NOx) and releases the nitrogen oxides during decreased oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, the desorbed NOx being converted to N.sub.2 and O.sub.2.

Abstract: Uniformly sized and shaped particles of metal salts are provided comprised of one or more metal cations in combination with one or more simple oxoacid anions and a general method for the controlled precipitation of said metal salts from aqueous solutions. The methods proceed via the in situ homogeneous production of simple or complex oxoacid anions in which one or more of the nonmetallic elements e.g. Group 5B and 6B (chalcogenides), and 7B (halides) comprising the first oxoacid anion undergo oxidation to generate the precipitant anionic species along with concurrent reduction of the nonmetallic element of a second, dissimilar oxoacid anion. The oxoacid anions are initially present in solution with one or more metal cations known to form insoluble salts with the precipitant anion.

Abstract: Catalyst particles are prepared by coating a core particle, which is usually catalytically inert with respect to the intended chemical reaction, in a fluidized bed coating apparatus. The coating technique involves repeatedly applying and drying small quantities of an atomized slurry containing the coating material in the form of a colloidal dispersion or in the form of very fine, non-colloidal particles preferably mixed with colloidal particles. In this way, incremental layers are formed to produce a final thin shell which has a highly uniform thickness, which is formed on the surface of the core and which does not penetrate porous cores. Various methods are disclosed for converting the coated particles to the desired catalyst form.

Abstract: An process for forming a product which may be in a liquid phase is disclosed wherein a first reactant, preferably a liquid reactant, is directly fed into a reaction zone containing mixing elements and which comprises a first compartment of a reactor. A second reactant, which is maintained at a higher pressure, is fed into a second compartment of the reactor separated from the first compartment by a porous wall. The second reactant passes through this porous wall into the reaction zone to react with the first reactant. The process thereby controls rates of the reactions and the exothermic heats generated by the reactions. Pulsatile flow in one or both reaction compartments improves mixing. An evaporator for a portion of the product improves product quality and permits higher reaction temperatures in the reactor.

Abstract: A process for passivating contaminating metal on a hydrocarbon cracking catalyst is provided. The catalyst is contacted within a hydrocarbon catalytic cracking unit with a stabilized dispersion. The dispersion comprises a fluid vehicle, a dispersion agent, and finely milled particles of one or more metals or metal compounds for passivation of metal-contaminated cracking catalysts. The dispersion is preferably produced by a process wherein an agitated media mill is loaded with comminuting media, fluid vehicle, dispersion agent and particles of a metal or metal compound for passivation of metal-contaminated cracking catalysts. The comminuting media, fluid vehicle, and particles are then agitated until the particles are reduced in size by at least 10% and have a volumetric average particle size of less than 0.5 microns.

Abstract: A method of preparing an alumina-based bodies suitable for use as an adsorbent or catalyst, the method comprising providing a source of activated alumina powder for forming into bodies and providing an aqueous solution containing at least two different alkali metals, at least one alkali metal derived from a soluble carboxylic acid alkali metal salt. As said powder is formed into said bodies, the bodies are contacted or sprayed with the aqueous solution to provide composite bodies containing the alumina powder and the alkali metals and the soluble carboxylic acid alkali metal salt. Alternatively, the alumina bodies may be formed first and then contacted, e.g., soaked in the aqueous solution. Or, a viscous slurry of the activated alumina powder and the aqueous solution may be made. The viscous slurry may be made into bodies by extrusion or by the oil drop method. Thereafter, the bodies are thermally treated to activate alumina therein and remove or decompose the organic part, e.g.

Abstract: A substrate for magnetic recording medium, consisting essentially of a vitreous carbon produced from a polycarbodiimide resin; and a process for producing a substrate for magnetic recording medium, which comprise molding into an appropriate shape a polycarbodiimide resin or a composition mainly comprising a polycarbodiimide resin, carbonizing the shaped material, and processing the carbonized shaped material into a substrate for magnetic recording medium.Said substrate for magnetic recording medium is free from the problems of the prior art, is lightweight and thin, has excellent mechanical strengths and a smooth and dense surface having substantially no pore, and can be produced at a low cost.

Abstract: A method for fabricating thin, flat carbon electrodes by infiltrating highly porous carbon papers, membranes, felts, metal fibers/powders, or fabrics with an appropriate carbon foam precursor material. The infiltrated carbon paper, for example, is then cured to form a gel-saturated carbon paper, which is subsequently dried and pyrolyzed to form a thin sheet of porous carbon. The material readily stays flat and flexible during curing and pyrolyzing to form thin sheets. Precursor materials include polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethylacrylonitrile (PMAN), resorcinol/formaldehyde, catechol/formaldehyde, phenol/formaldehyde, etc., or mixtures thereof. These thin films are ideal for use as high power and energy electrodes in batteries, capacitors, and fuel cells, and are potentially useful for capacitive deionization, filtration and catalysis.

Abstract: Catalysts are composed ofa) a magnetizable core,b) which may be coated with a binder andc) which carries catalytically active metals or metal compounds on its surface.

Abstract: A method of activating a fiber sheet comprising carbonized filaments or spun carbonized yarn includes causing the sheet to travel horizontally through a furnace including at least one horizontal heat treatment zone in which there is maintained a regular and uniform temperature lying in the range of 800.degree. C. to 1000.degree. C. at a linear speed lying in the range 1 to 5 cm/min. over the length of the heat treatment zone and maintaining at least in the zone a constant flow of an oxidizing gaseous fluid that is uniformly distributed therein and at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure. A temperature-raising zone and a temperature-lowering zone are located at opposite ends of the treatment zone relative to the travel direction of the sheet and inlet and outlet sections of the treatment zone are fitted with air locks having cooling and suction systems.

Abstract: A catalyst for transforming aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably for dismutation of toluene to produce benzene and xylenes and transalkylation of toluene and aromatic compounds containing at least 9 carbon atoms per molecule, preferably trimethylbenzenes, to produce xylenes, contains a mordenite in its acid form in a proportion of 40% to 90% by weight and a binder, which is preferably alumina, and which is generally present in a proportion of 10% to 60% by weight. The mordenite contains less than 0.1% by weight of sodium and has a SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio of over 40-60.

Abstract: A heavy metal poisoned, spent FCC catalyst is treated by chemically impregnating the poisoned catalyst with a new catalytic metal or metal salt to provide an attrition resistant catalyst or sorbent for a different catalytic or absorption processes, such as catalysts for Fischer-Tropsh Synthesis, and sorbents for removal of sulfur gasses from fuel gases and flue-gases. The heavy metal contaminated FCC catalyst is directly used as a support for preparing catalysts having new catalytic properties and sorbents having new sorbent properties, without removing or "passivating" the heavy metals on the spent FCC catalyst as an intermediate step.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a novel highly active, highly selective catalyst useful for conducting carbon monoxide hydrogenation reactions, particularly Fischer-Tropsch reactions, the catalyst per se, and process for use of such catalyst in conducting carbon monoxide hydrogenation reactions, particularly Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions. The catalyst is prepared by contacting together, preferably by dispersing in a liquid, a preformed, particulate refractory inorganic oxide support, preferably a fumed silica support, compound or salt of a catalytic metal, or metals, i.e., a metal selected from Groups IB, IIB, VIIB or VIII of the Periodic Table, preferably cobalt, an oxidizable alcohol, oxidizable aldehyde, or oxidizable ketone promoter, suitably glyoxal, and an oxidant sufficient to react with the promoter and convert the metal, or metals, to an insoluble highly dispersed metal carboxylate which is deposited and supported on the support.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a bundle of hollow carbon membranes comprising the steps of: (a) providing a bundle of hollow cellulose fibers; (b) removing substantially all the absorbed water from the said fibers; (c) heating the fibers to a range of temperatures where it pyrolyzes; (d) supplying to the said fibers, during at least part of the heating thereof and after the water has been removed, a catalytically effective amount of a gaseous catalyst selected from among Lewis acids, and ionic salts that are at least partially volatile at the pyrolysis temperature range.

Abstract: A process for removing contaminants from the surface of a substrate comprises contacting the substrate with a cleaning composition comprising at least one mono-, di-, or trialkoxy-substituted perfluoroalkane, perfluorocycloalkane, perfluorocycloalkyl-containing perfluoroalkane, or perfluorocycloalkylene-containing perfluoroalkane compound, the compound optionally containing additional catenary heteroatoms. The compounds exhibit good solvency properties while being environmentally acceptable.

Abstract: Disclosed are an adsorbent for CO, comprising a composite comprised of a porous inorganic carrier and, carried thereon, a binary complex of a nitrogen-containing compound and a copper(I) halide, the nitrogen-containing compound being at least one member selected from at least one pyridine compound and a diamine represented by R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NR.sup.3 R.sup.4, wherein n is 2 or 3 and each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, with the proviso that when n is 2, each of at least two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group atoms and that when n is 3, at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, and a method for separating carbon monoxide by adsorption using the adsorbent.

Abstract: A process for dehydrogenating dehydrogenatable C.sub.2-30 hydrocarbons includes contacting the hydrocarbons under dehydrogenating conditions in one or more reaction zones with a solid catalyst. The solid catalyst includes at least a Group VIII noble metal, a Group IVA metal, and a carrier of a mixed oxide of magnesium and aluminum.

Abstract: This invention is a sulfur-resistant, high surface area and temperature stabilized anatase crystal form of a mixed-oxide of titania and alumina comprising at least 40% molar amount titania. The mixed-oxide is made by co-hydrolysis of a mixture of the alkoxides of titanium and aluminum. The mixed oxide is useful as a catalyst support for treating exhaust gases generated by a diesel or gasoline internal combustion engine of automotive vehicles. The catalyst support may contain catalytic materials like precious metals.

Abstract: A catalyst for purifying carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases at the stoichiometric point or in oxygen-rich atmospheres, is disclosed, and it includes a support in which at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals and rare-earth elements including La is dissolved in titania to form a solid solution, and a noble metal catalyst ingredient loaded on the support. A process for purifying, by bringing the exhaust gases into contact with the catalyst, is also disclosed.