Abstract: This invention discloses an integrated process of alkylation of olefins and regeneration of spent sulfuric acid. The alkylation of olefins may be replaced by nitration of toluene or by chlor-alkali process. The sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst or a absorbent, and the spent sulfuric acid is regenerated in situ and is recycled in the alkylation of olefins, nitration of toluene or chlor-alkali processes.

Abstract: Amorphous precipitated silica is characterized by a standard white area of less than 0.8 percent. The low standard white area is a characteristic of the silica which is indicative of high (i.e., very effective) dispersion when the silica is incorporated into organic rubber compositions which are cured.Cured organic rubber compositions comprising amorphous precipitated silica exhibit low white areas which indicate high dispersion of the silica in the compositions.

Abstract: A process for producing an activated carbon fiber molding is disclosed which comprises spinning an isotropic pitch to thereby obtain pitch fibers, infusibilizing the pitch fibers to thereby obtain infusibilized fibers, heating the infusibilized fibers under a mechanical load to thereby obtain a molding and activating the molding. In this process, the infusibilized fibers and/or infusibilized fibers molding may be heated in an inert atmosphere so as to effect a light carbonization thereof and thereafter subjected to the subsequent step of the process. The pitch-based porous activated carbon fiber molding obtained by this process has a strikingly high bulk density and can sufficiently exhibit the specific properties of the activated carbon fiber, e.g. a large specific surface area, to thereby have a high adsorption efficiency.

Abstract: A spent zeolite-containing hydrocarbon cracking catalyst is treated by regenerating it to remove carboneous deposits. A portion of the regenerated catalyst is withdrawn from the circulating catalyst inventory of a hydrocarbon processing unit and slurried with a liquid containing an activating agent to solubilize and/or dislodge contaminants which block the pores of the zeolite and adversely affect the activity of the catalyst. The slurry is agitated to dissolve or dislodge the contaminants from the zeolite pores, and the agitated slurry, without being permitted to settle, is transferred to a fluidized drying zone where the liquid and solubilized and/or dislodged contaminants are removed from the treated catalyst which has a level of cracking activity higher than that of the catalyst in the circulating catalyst inventory. The treated catalyst is then recycled to the unit and contacted with a hydrocarbon feedstock under cracking conditions.

Abstract: A method of making anisotropic carbon foam material includes de-ashing and hydrogenating bituminous coal, separating asphaltenes from oils contained in the coke precursor, coking the material to create a carbon foam. In one embodiment of the invention, the carbon foam is subsequently graphitized. The pores within the foam material are preferably generally of equal size. The pore size and carbon foam material density may be controlled by (a) altering the percentage volatiles contained within the asphaltenes to be coked, (b) mixing the asphaltenes with different coking precursors which are isotropic in nature, or (c) modifying the pressure under which coking is effected. In another embodiment of the invention, solvent separation is employed on raw bituminous coal and an isotropic carbon foam is provided. A related carbon foam product is disclosed. The carbon foam materials of the present invention are characterized by having high compressive strength as compared with prior known carbon foam materials.

Abstract: A catalytic material effective for the reduction of NO.sub.x and the oxidation of at least carbon monoxide includes an oxygen storage component that provides superior oxygen storage function. The oxygen storage component includes an intimately combined mixed oxides including cerium, neodymium and zirconium. Typically, the ceria constitutes more than about 30 percent by weight of the ceria plus zirconia in the intimately combined mixed oxide, e.g., from about 32 to 44 weight percent. Preferably, the intimately combined mixed oxide also includes up to about 26 percent neodymia by weight of the ceria, e.g., from 18.6 to 23.5 percent. The intimately combined mixed oxide may be a co-formed material that may be prepared by, e.g., co-precipitating compounds of zirconium and the rare earth metal and calcining the co-precipitate.

Abstract: An amorphous, micro/mesoporous silica-alumina gel with controlled pore size, having a surface area of at least 500 m.sup.2 /g and with a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 :Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 of at least 30:1, is prepared by hydrolysing and causing a tetra-alkyl ammonium hydroxide, an aluminum trialkoxide, and a tetra-alkyl orthosilicate to gelate, by operating at a temperature equal to, or higher than, the boiling temperature, under atmospheric pressure, of any alcohols which are developed as a by-product from said hydrolysis reaction, without said alcohols being removed, or being substantially removed, from the reaction media; and the so produced gel being dried and fired.

Abstract: A catalyst system is described and claimed which is useful for various hydrocarbon conversion processes and is tolerant to large amounts of sulfur (about 30,000 ppm sulfur) in the feedstream. The catalyst comprises a first component which comprises at least one Group VIII metal dispersed on an inorganic oxide support and a second component comprising a metal phthalocyanine dispersed on an inorganic oxide support. Preferred Group VIII metals are platinum and palladium, while preferred metal phthalocyanines are cobalt or nickel phthalocyanine. Preferred inorganic oxide supports are molecular sieves, aluminas and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: This invention is method for preparing a titania bound ion exchange composition comprising admixing crystalline sodium titanate and a hydrolyzable titanium compound and, thereafter drying the titania bound crystalline sodium titanate and subjecting the dried titania bound ion exchange composition to optional compaction and calcination steps to improve the physical strength of the titania bound composition.

Abstract: A method for producing chlorine dioxide by activating zeolite crystals (which have been impregnated with metal chlorite such as sodium chlorite, and a water-retaining substance such as magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, or potassium hydroxide, or calcium chloride) with an acid, or activating an aqueous solution of metal chlorite (preferably sodium chlorite) and such a water-retaining substance. Acids useful for performing the activation are acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and citric acid. The activation can be performed by causing fluid to flow through a bed of zeolite crystals impregnated with calcium chloride (or another water-retaining substance) and sodium chlorite, and a bed of zeolite crystals impregnated with the acid. The two beds can be physically mixed together, or the fluid can be caused to flow sequentially through distinct first and second beds (preferably first through the bed containing acid-impregnated zeolite).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of crystalline, microporous titanium silicates having the chemical formula: x TiO.sub.2 : (1-x) SiO.sub.2 wherein x is greater than 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.075. These silicates are useful as oxidation catalysts in reactions such as oxidation of hydrocarbons, alcohols, sulfides, and thioethers. The process permits a significant increase of the amount of titanium in the titanium silicates, which results in enhanced catalytic activity.

Abstract: A method is provided for efficiently producing an entirely quality-controlled CVD diamond. A CVD process is interrupted at an early stage and the deposit is taken out of the reaction chamber, before a significant mass is accumulated, and is inspected by means of cathodoluminescence. The spectrum are compared with a given reference in terms of peak position, half width and 20%-value width in coordination. The observed deviation allows to determine whether to maintain or alter the settings.A diamond substance of acceptable quality which is properly specified in terms of the CL parameters is also provided.

Abstract: Supported catalysts of the following formula (I) for preparing ethylene by conversion of methane or purified natural gas and preparation thereof, and process for preparation of ethylene by direct conversion of methane or purified natural gas using said catalysts:Ma'/S formula (I)(wherein, M is a compound selected from the group of RuCl.sub.2 (PPh.sub.3).sub.3, RuCl.sub.2 (CO).sub.2 (PPh.sub.3).sub.2, Ru.sub.3 (CO).sub.12, RhCl(CO)(PPh.sub.3).sub.2, IrCl(CO)(PPh.sub.3).sub.2, Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4, Pt(PPh.sub.3).sub.4, RuCl.sub.3 .multidot.xH.sub.2 O, RhCl.sub.3 .multidot.xH.sub.2 O, IrCl.sub.3 .multidot.xH.sub.2 O, PdCl.sub.2 .multidot.xH.sub.2 O, H.sub.2 PtCl.sub.6 .multidot.xH.sub.2 O, S is an inorganic carrier selected from .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, .gamma.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2 --Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Y-zeolite, MgO and TiO.sub.2, a' is weight percentage of metal in catalyst, ranging from 0.25 to 5 wt %.

Abstract: A soil release agent for dry cleaning containing a copolymer having (A) a repeating unit derived from a polymerizable monomer having a fluorine atom; and (B) a repeating unit derived from a polymerizable monomer having a siloxane linkage and/or a polymerizable monomer (having no siloxane linkage) having a solubility parameter of 6 to 15 gives excellent soil release property using the dry cleaning.

Abstract: An olefin oligomerization catalyst comprises at least one oxide selected from alumina and silica.cndot.alumina having a sulfate ion supported thereon. The amount of the sulfate ion contained in the catalyst is desirably in the range of 0.3 to 60% by weight based on the total weight of the alumina and/or silica.cndot.alumina and the sulfate ion. The olefin oligomerization catalyst can be readily prepared by bringing a sulfuric acid aqueous solution or an ammonium sulfate aqueous solution into contact with at least one compound selected from alumina, silica alumina and their precursors, followed by drying and calcining. Further, an olefin oligomerization catalyst comprises at least one oxide selected from alumina and silica.cndot.alumina on which a transition metal oxide is further supported in addition to the sulfate ion. By the use of the catalyst, a lower olefin produced in, for example, a petroleum refining process can be converted into an oligomer of high value added.

Abstract: A process for producing activated carbon from agricultural residues by heating the residues to a temperature in the range of about 250.degree. C. to about 550.degree. C. to volatilize organic compounds in the residues and to carbonize the residues and further heating to activate the carbonized residues. Activated carbon produced from agricultural residues.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of making mesoporous silico-aluminates from calcium bentonite by controlled extraction of octahedral aluminum under mild condition, by acid, preferably phosphoric acid. The mesoporous silicoaluminates contain only tetrahedral aluminum as the residual aluminum. As the result of the selective removal of the octahedral aluminum, the mesoporous silico-aluminates have several unprecedented properties compared to products produced by conventional processes either by mild acid-activation or by a removal of all the aluminum.

Abstract: There are disclosed a cleaning agent for removing a fluorine-compound gas such as hydrogen fluoride, fluorine, tungsten hexafluoride, silicon tetrafluoride and boron trifluoride which agent comprises a molded article produced by using strontium hydroxide as a principal component, an organic binding agent as a molding agent and the hydroxide of an alkaline earth metal other than strontium as a molding aid; and a process for cleaning a harmful gas which comprises feeding a harmful gas containing a fluorine-compound gas into a column packed inside with the above cleaning agent to remove the fluorine-compound gas; and exhausting a gas substantially free from the fluorine-compound gas. The above cleaning agent is capable of removing the fluorine-compound gas in high efficiency without causing any danger, thereby making itself well suited to the cleaning of the gases exhausted, for example, from semiconductor manufacturing industries.

Abstract: In order to regenerate the activity of a catalyst for gas phase fluorination the spent catalyst is treated with chlorine and hydrogen fluoride, at a temperature of between 250.degree. and 450.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for increasing the aggregate size and structure of carbon blacks produced by a furnace carbon black reactor by lowering the temperature of, but not stopping pyrolysis in, the effluent (the mixture of combustion gases and feedstock in which pyrolysis is occurring), preferably up to about 800 degrees F., at a residence time between about 0.0 second and about 0.002 second downstream from the furthest downstream point of injection of feedstock.