Abstract: A position detection device including a magnetic detection unit, a magnet, and a calculation unit that calculates a position detection signal based on a signal of the magnetic detection unit is provided. The magnet and the magnetic detection unit are relatively movable while maintaining a predetermined interval. The magnetic detection unit has a longitudinal magnetic field detection unit that detects a magnetic field in a separating direction between the magnetic detection unit and the magnet, and has a transverse magnetic field detection unit that detects a magnetic field in a moving direction of the magnet 1. A calculation unit 5 calculates a position detection signal based on a signal of the transverse magnetic field detection unit and a signal of the longitudinal magnetic field detection unit.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor may determine information, associated with a magnet wheel, that is associated with a rotational speed of the magnet wheel or a rotational direction of the magnet wheel. The magnetic sensor may determine information, associated with the magnetic sensor, that is associated with a property of the magnetic sensor. The magnetic sensor may provide a signal including the information associated with the magnet wheel and the information associated with the magnetic sensor. The signal may be provided using a pulse width modulation technique associated with at least three signal levels and at least two signal thresholds. A period of time during which the information associated with the magnetic sensor is provided may at least partially overlap a period of time during which the information associated with the magnet wheel is provided, or may be provided without a time offset from the information associated with the magnet wheel.

Abstract: The following steps are performed in order to test a tap changer (20) of a transformer (5; 6) which tap changer is designed to change a transmission ratio of the transformer (5; 6): generating a test signal which is supplied to a winding (1-3; 10) of the transformer (5; 6) and to the tap changer (20). Repeatedly actuating the tap changer (20) in order to change the transmission ratio with each actuation. Determining a curve of an electrical measurement variable (I; I1; I2) of the transformer (5; 6) over time (t) respectively during the step of actuating the tap changer (20) depending on the test signal. automatically illustrating the curves (41, 42) in a temporally-superimposed manner.

Abstract: In order to minimize a force transfer at electronic components (1), in particular sensors (1) whose electronic circuit in an interior of a housing (2) is encased by an initially liquid or highly viscous hardening encasement compound (20) at an increasing temperature from the hardened encasement compound to the electronic components (4, 24) it is proposed according to the invention to perform the encasement so that in the cured condition all required portions and components (4, 24) are covered by the encasement compound (20) but sufficient cavities (21.1, 22.2) remain in the interior spaces (14.1, 14.2) of the housing (2) so that the hardened encasement compound (20) can expand into the cavities.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the invention inductive coupling of an idler coil to a parent coil is used to provide a double resonance circuit without the disadvantages of capacitive coupling to the parent coil. In an embodiment of the invention, an inductive coupling coil can be used to achieve a double-tuned circuit. In an embodiment of the invention, a circuit uses inductive coupling to achieve a double resonance circuit for 1H, 19F, and 13C experiments where one of the three nuclei are observed and the other two are decoupled. In an embodiment of the invention a pivot or a shunt can be used to couple and decouple the idler coil and the parent coil.

Abstract: An inventive testing method is intended for testing a battery pack unit including: a battery pack including a plurality of cells electrically connected to each other; and a duct assembly through which a coolant is supplied to the cells of the battery pack. The testing method includes: a) charging the battery pack under predetermined conditions while supplying the coolant to the duct assembly; b) acquiring temperature information on the cells at predetermined time intervals during step a); and c) determining whether a difference between the highest and lowest ones of the temperatures of the cells measured at substantially the same time is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference temperature difference on the basis of the temperature information acquired in step b).

Abstract: A test instrument can be coupled to a test point and measure signals in the network. The test instrument may determine whether the test instrument is connected to a cable of the network and provide notification if the test instrument is not connected to a cable. The test instrument may also detect when it is connected to a customer premises that has been previously been tested through reflected signal signatures.

Abstract: Device for determining position in space relative to a similar device includes a movable enclosure on which two loop antennas are mounted, besides, the device includes, for each antenna, an EMF sensor of induced EMF when an RF signal is emitted by the similar device is emitted, and a processor that calculates amplitudes and orientations of magnetic field generated by antennas of the similar device, wherein direction vector is based on directions and orientations of magnetic field strengths. An RF signal generator generates an RF signal of a predetermined frequency and amplitude for the antennas, where the EMF sensors operate alternately with the RF signal generator; and a unit for determining the direction to the similar device based on a gradient of magnetic field emitted by the antennas of the similar device.

Abstract: A method for estimating resistances of a source contact and a drain contact of a MOS transistor includes the following steps. A MOS transistor is provided. The MOS transistor includes a substrate, a gate, a source region and a drain region, a source contact electrically connected to the source region, and a drain contact electrically connected to the drain region. A resistance difference between a source contact resistance and a drain contact resistance is obtained. A resistance sum of the source contact resistance and the drain contact resistance is obtained. The source contact resistance and the drain contact resistance are calculated based on the resistance sum of the source contact resistance and the drain contact resistance, and on the resistance difference between the source contact resistance and the drain contact resistance.

Abstract: A number of variations may include products and methods for estimating the state of an energy system. At least one sensor may monitor a voltage and a current of the energy storage system. An electronic controller may be communicatively coupled with the energy storage system and may receive input from the sensor. A circuit may be representative of the energy storage system and may be appropriately defined in the electronic controller. The circuit may estimate a state of the energy storage system from a reading of the voltage and the current.

Abstract: A displacement sensor for sensing a change in separation between a first element and a second element along a displacement direction. The sensor comprises a reference electrode mounted to the second element in the form of a conductive trace on a surface of the second element facing the first element. A deformable electrode, e.g. a conductive elastomeric material, is arranged between the first element and the second element so as to overlie the reference electrode. The deformable electrode has a contact surface facing the reference electrode and insulated therefrom. At least part of the contact surface is inclined relative to an opposing surface of the reference electrode such that when the deformable electrode is compressed along the displacement direction there is a reduction in volume between the contact surface and the opposing surface of the reference electrode, thereby changing the capacitive coupling between them.

Abstract: A method, a test line and a system for detecting defects on a semiconductor wafer are presented. The method includes measuring a current-voltage (IV) curve of a plurality of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistors which are connected in series in a test key; comparing the measured IV curve with a reference curve to obtain a first drain current drop in a linear region and a second drain current drop in a saturation region; and determining whether at least one of the MOS transistor among the MOS transistors of the test key is defected according to at least one of the first drain current drop and the second drain current drop.

Abstract: The sensor unit (40) includes a case (41) having a bottom surface (41a); a sensor element (42) including a sensor element main body (421) and a power supply terminal (42a); and a power supply bus bar (44) including an inclined part (44d). An end on one side of the power supply terminal (42a) is electrically connected to the sensor element main body (421). The case (41) further includes a terminal passage part (412a). In a state where the power supply terminal (42a) passes through the terminal passage part (412a), an end on the other side of the power supply terminal (42a) is in contact with the inclined part (44d) and the terminal passage part (412a) is in contact with a side surface of the power supply terminal (42a), so that movement of the power supply terminal (42a) in a direction away from the bottom surface (41a) is restricted.

Abstract: A number of variations may include a product comprising: an electrochemical device comprising an anode and a cathode, and at least one sensor comprising a plurality of strain sensing components and at least one temperature sensing component wherein each of the anode and the cathode comprises at least one strain sensing component comprising an optical fiber comprising at least one grating, wherein the at least one sensor is constructed and arranged to provide measurements that derive both state of charge and temperature of the anode and the cathode simultaneously.

Abstract: A graphene structure is provided. The graphene structure comprises a substrate layer and at least two graphene layers disposed on the substrate. The at least two graphene layers comprises a gate voltage tuned layer and an effective graphene layer and the effective graphene layer comprises one or more graphene layers. A magnetoresistance ratio of the graphene structure is determined by a difference in a charge mobility and/or a carrier density between the gate voltage tuned layer and the effective graphene layer. The charge mobility and/or the carrier density of the gate no voltage tuned layer is tunable by a gate voltage applied to the graphene structure. A magnetic field sensor comprising the graphene structure is also provided.

Abstract: A number of variations may include a product comprising: at least one sensor comprising an optical fiber comprising a first end comprising a semiconductor material, a second end, and a longitudinal midsection comprising a grating, wherein the sensor is constructed and arranged to provide measurements that derive both state of charge and temperature of an electrochemical device simultaneously.

Abstract: A coil arrangement has an electrical coil and an armature movable between a first and second end positions, an electronic switch switchable between at least two switch states, a control and monitoring circuit for producing a switching signal actuating the electronic switch and an operating circuit for providing an operating voltage and an electrical current measurement signal representing an electrical current flowing as a function of time in a coil electrical current circuit formed with the coil. The control and monitoring circuit is adapted to detect whether an inductance of the coil has a dependence on the switching signal as a function of time. The electromechanical has a first switch contact movable between first and second switch positions, a second switch contact and a coil arrangement of the invention, while the measurement transmitter has also a measuring circuit for receiving at least one transducer signal.

Abstract: A system includes a proportional-integrated-derivative (PID) regulator. The system also includes a fault detection unit. The fault detection unit is for receiving at least two outputs from the PID regulator. The at least two outputs include at least two rotor reference frame (D-Q) currents. The fault detection unit is further for generating a detection signal based on the at least two rotor reference frame currents. The detection signal identifies a fault based on the fault detection signal amplitude value based on the magnitudes of the amplitudes for each of the at least two rotor reference frame D-Q currents. The fault detection unit is for identifying an existence of a permanent magnet motor fault based on a comparison between the fault detection signal amplitude value and an amplitude threshold value. Further the fault localization signature is utilized to locate the location of the fault.

Abstract: An inductive movement sensor is provided including: a transducer including a primary winding suitable for producing a magnetic excitation, and a secondary winding including at least one turn, suitable for applying an electromotive force across the terminals thereof in the presence of the excitation; and a target including at least one conductive pattern, the target being suitable for moving parallel to the transducer such as to cause variations in the surface of a portion of the pattern located opposite the at least one turn, thereby causing variations in the amplitude of the electromotive force induced in the secondary winding, in which the target-transducer distance is between 0.8 and 1.5 times the optimum target-transducer distance in terms of linearity, or the distance for which the linearity error of the curve representative of the variation in amplitude as a function of the surface variation is minimal.

Abstract: A transducer for an inductive displacement sensor includes a secondary winding of 2N turns of alternating directions extending in a zone of length Dtot, the winding including: a first coiled conductive section forming N half-turns, extending between a first end of the winding, situated at the midpoint of the length Dtot, and a first point of the winding, situated at one end of the length Dtot; a second section forming N half-turns, extending between the first point and a second intermediate point situated at the midpoint of the length Dtot; a third section forming N half-turns, extending between the second point and a third intermediate point situated at a second end of the length Dtot; and a fourth section forming N half-turns, extending between the third point and a second end of the winding situated at the midpoint of the length Dtot.