Abstract: The invention features methods, kits, and compositions for mitochondrial replacement in the treatment of disorders arising from mitochondrial dysfunction. The invention also features methods of diagnosing neuropsychiatric (e.g., bipolar disorder) and neurodegenerative disorders based on mitochondrial structural abnormalities.

Abstract: Methods for use with chemical analyzers aspirate a sample portion from one location to dispense it at a second location, aspirate another sample portion at that second location and dispense it at the first location, and measure the pressure values experienced inside a probe performing the aspirations and dispenses. By comparing the pressure values (or other values indicative of the viscosity or other relevant properties of the sample), the chemical analyzer can determine if the sample is sufficiently mixed or if the sample components remain separated and the method should be repeated.

Abstract: A product comprising a natural acellular xenogenic vascular tissue matrix having at least an 80% reduction in DNA content as compared to an untreated control vascular tissue matrix and being antigenically inert by being substantially free of epitopes capable of reacting with pre-formed human antibodies and also without having the ability to substantially activate complement. The invention also includes methods of preparing such products and uses of the products especially in bypass surgery.

Abstract: Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-3865 (NCC2950), a composition comprising Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-3865 (NCC2950), and the use of Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-3865 (NCC2950) in the prevention or treatment of allergic diarrhoea are provided. The Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-3865 (NCC2950) can be in a non-replicating form and can be administered to at least partially treat allergic diarrhoea or at least partially reduce the risk of developing allergic diarrhoea.

Abstract: Described herein are bioprinters comprising: one or more printer heads, wherein a printer head comprises a means for receiving and holding at least one cartridge, and wherein said cartridge comprises contents selected from one or more of: bio-ink, and support material; a UV light module for optionally exposing the contents of at least one cartridge to UV light; a means for calibrating the position of at least one cartridge; and a means for dispensing the contents of at least one cartridge. Also described herein are methods of using and bioprinting cartridges for such bioprinters.

Abstract: Bioresorbable scaffolds and methods of treatment with such scaffolds for neurologic disorders including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and brain neoplasms are disclosed. The bioresorbable scaffold includes a bioresorbable body and an active agent or drug associated with the body for treating or ameliorating the neurological disorder. The bioresorbable scaffold is implanted in the neurological vasculature brain or brain tissue to provide localized delivery of the drug or active agent. Embodiments of the invention include scaffolds that are partially bioresorbable or completely bioresorbable.

Abstract: One aspect provides an ultrapure, hypoallergenic sacrosidase. Another aspect provides a solution of sacrosidase in about 1:1 glycerol/water having an enzymatic activity of at least about 7500 IU/mL and a residual papain concentration that does not include an allergic reaction in a human patient when given a dose of about 2.0 mL/day.

Abstract: A method of reducing process interruptions in biofuel production systems by reducing the amount of unwanted bacteria in the biofuel production system in which the reduction is effected by the use of an effective amount of one or more types of bacteriophages virulent for at least some strains of the unwanted bacteria.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing an organically functionalized layered double hydroxide which comprises reacting (a) a layered double hydroxide, (b) a triglyceride oil, (c) an enzyme which is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of an ester, and (d) water, to produce the organically functionalized layered double hydroxide. The subject invention further reveals a method for preparing an organically functionalized layered double hydroxide which comprises (1) dispersing into an aqueous medium (a) the layered double hydroxide, (b) the triglyceride oil, and (c) the enzyme, (2) allowing the triglyceride oil to hydrolyze into long-chain fatty acids and glycerol to produce a dispersion of the organically functionalized layered double hydroxide; and (3) recovering the organically functionalized layered double hydroxide from the aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: A method of filtering a liquid sample that includes passing a sample comprising at least one biological organism through a filter membrane at a passive water volume flux of at least 10 L/m2·h·psi, wherein the filter membrane comprises a Bubble Point pore size of no more than 1.0 ?m, thereby retaining at least one biological organism on the surface of the membrane; and detecting the at least one biological organism retained on the surface of the filter membrane.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for controlling the thickness of a flowing algae film. The algae film flow may be gravity-induced or the result of an alternative force. The algae is deposited on an upper end of a flow surface where a relatively thick layer of the film forms. The algae film flows over a fluid dispersal region where the surface area is expanding, which results in thinning of the film thickness. The fluid then flows over an active region where the surface area is designed to control the fluid film thickness. While in the active region, the algae film may absorb carbon dioxide, while releasing water vapor. Hydrogen gas may be captured from the process, as well.

Abstract: One or more cells are labeled with minor stable isotopes, characterized, and preserved for subsequent use as a bio-specimen reference standard. The one or more cells are grown in culture media supplied with minor stable isotopes in concentrations substantially different from normally occurring concentrations, thereby supplanting major stable isotopes that would normally be incorporated into the proteins of the cells. The proteins of the cells are thus labeled by the minor stable isotopes and can be used in proteomic characterization of the cells. The cells are preserved by fixation as a reference standard. Cells of the reference standard are mixed with the sample and subject to mass spectrometry evaluation, whereby the labeled proteins of the reference standard can be used in determining the proteome of the sample.

Abstract: Described are processes for the liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass under the digestive action of dicarboxylic acid(s). Such digests can exhibit enhanced flowability, reduced volume, and significant biomass conversion to dissolved components, and can in some embodiments be further liquefied by contact with an enzyme. Products resultant of these steps can be used for their sugar content to manufacture biofuels or other products.

Abstract: A cell culture media for plasmid production is provided for increased production of a recombinant GDF-5 (rhGDF-5) protein. Also provided herein is a method of making a cell culture media for plasmid production and a method for growing a plasmid vector. The methods of enhancing production and protein expression of rhGDF-5 protein as disclosed are cost-effective, time-saving and are of manufacturing quality.

Abstract: Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce a product such as a biofuel.

Abstract: This invention provides a product safe for treating, improving or preventing an inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis, and provides a product comprising an insoluble dietary fiber obtained by enzymatic treatment of seeds of a grain plant(s) or germinated young seeds thereof, as well as a food or drink or medicament comprising the product.

Abstract: The candidates are screened and then employed by administering to patients in need thereof of a drug candidate that affects heterotypic intercellular mechanotransduction. At least two types of cells are labeled with distinct intracellular fluorescent marker labels and combined to form a cell suspension and cultured to form a microtissue, such as spheroids. The cells or the spheroids are combined with a drug candidate, either before, during or after forming the spheroids. The distribution of the different cell types is compared to that of essentially the same suspension culture in the absence of the drug candidate. Alternatively, the cell power of cells cultured in a non-adherent mold that determines at least in part, the shape of microtissue formed is measured and compared with essentially the same cell suspension cultured in the same manner in the absence of a drug candidate. A patient in need thereof can be administered a drug identified as affecting heterotypic intercellular mechanotransduction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for photoculturing and harvesting microalgae, and more particularly to a method for photoculturing and harvesting microalgae, in which a light emitting diode (LED) is used as a light source to increase the efficiency with which microalgae are cultured, and the cultured microalgae are harvested using a natural polymer flocculant and air microbubbles so that the operating cost is reduced and the range of application of microalgae is expanded, and also a semi-continuous culture method is applied so that the maximum concentration of microalgae can be produced again within a short time, even though the amount of microalgae harvested is small.

Abstract: A method for producing a bone matrix scaffold has the steps of providing at least one sheet material and cross-linking the at least one sheet material using fibers. The sheet material has a surface pattern that enhances osteo-conductivity and potentially supports inductivity. The surface pattern is a 3-dimensional substantially continuous network having voids. The combination of the at least one sheet and fibers form a macrostructure having substantially continuous network and voids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to Rhizobium sp. KB10 strain having properties of promoting growth of Botryococcus braunii, which is an alga capable of producing biodiesel, and also enhancing production performance of biodiesel. Mores specifically, it relates to novel Rhizobium sp. KB10 strain which has properties of promoting growth of Botryococcus braunii used for biodiesel production and also enhancing content of C18 (i.e., oleate) corresponding to high quality biodiesel component as much as 900%. By using root colonizing bacteria like Rhizobium, it is possible to promote effectively the slow cell growth of Botryococcus braunii and increase as much as possible the oleate amount, which is a high quality biodiesel component. Further, by carrying out mixture culture using such bacteria, problems associated with contamination by other microorganisms during a process of producing biodiesel by culture in an outside environment can be dramatically solved.