Abstract: There is provided a multipole magnet for deflecting a beam of charged particles. The multipole magnet comprises a plurality of ferromagnetic poles and a plurality of permanent magnet assemblies to supply a magnetomotive force to the ferromagnetic poles. At least one of the permanent magnet assemblies has a plurality of discrete permanent magnet positions and a plurality of permanent magnets each fixed in one of the permanent magnet positions.

Abstract: A method of controlling a droplet illumination module/droplet detection module system of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation source includes irradiating a target droplet with light from a droplet illumination module and detecting light reflected and/or scattered by the target droplet. The method includes determining whether an intensity of the detected light is within an acceptable range. In response to determining that the intensity of the detected light is not within the acceptable range, a parameter of the droplet illumination module is automatically adjusted to set the intensity of the detected light within the acceptable range.

Abstract: An apparatus useful for creating and measuring states of an entangled system, comprising a pair of interacting multi-level systems, each of systems comprising a state |g>, a state |r>, and state |r*>. One or more first electromagnetic fields excite a first transition between the ground state |g> and the state |r> to create an entangled system. One or more second electromagnetic fields are tuned between the state |r> and the intermediate state |r*> so that any population of the systems in |r*> are dark to a subsequent detection of a population in the systems in |g>, providing a means to distinguish the entangled system in the state |g> and the entangled system in the state |r>. In one or more examples, the systems comprise neutral Rydberg atoms.

Abstract: A method of operating a quadrupole device (10) is disclosed. The quadrupole device (10) is operated in a mode of operation by applying a repeating voltage waveform comprising a main drive voltage and at least one auxiliary drive voltage is applied to the quadrupole device to the quadrupole device (10). The intensity of ions passing into the quadrupole device is varied with time in synchronisation with the repeating voltage waveform. This may be done such that the number of ions per unit phase which initially experience a phase within a first range of phases of the repeating voltage waveform is greater than the number of ions per unit phase which initially experience a phase within a second range of phases of the repeating voltage waveform.

Abstract: A germicidal lighting apparatus with visible glare includes a first light source, a second light source, a first driver, a second driver, and a controller. The first light source emits a light in a 180˜280 nm wavelength range and the second light source emits a light in a visible wavelength range greater than 400 nm. The second light source is positioned adjacent to the first light source and serves as a visible glare source to deter an occupant from looking at the apparatus directly. The controller can turn on both the first light source and the second light source simultaneously to produce a unified glare rating (UGR) greater than 16. The apparatus dispenses over a prorated 8-hour period an irradiation dosage greater than American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)-specified Eye Threshold Limit Values (TLV) but less than ACGIH-specified Skin TLV to a substance or surface.

Abstract: A Short-Wave Radiation (SWR) system comprising: (i) a light assembly, comprising at least one light source and being configured to: (a) illuminate a front side of an ionization target with first illumination; and (b) illuminate a back side of the ionization target with second illumination; (ii) a controller, configured to control the light assembly for illuminating the ionization target from the front side of the ionization target using the first illumination and at least partly concurrently illuminating the ionization target from the back side of the ionization target using the second illumination; and (iii) an optical assembly configured to collect SWR emitted from the front side of the ionization target and to direct the collected SWR toward a designated beam direction of the SWR system, wherein the SWR emitted from the front side results from a target illumination scheme that comprises at least the first illumination and the second illumination.

Abstract: Disclosed are an entangled state preparation method and device based on a superconducting quantum bit and a Rydberg atom. With the help of two strong microwave driving fields, an unconventional geometric quantum gate is achieved, as to complete the preparation of a maximum entangled state. The influence of a laser field and a magnetic field required by the Rydberg atom and a radiation-cooled superconducting coaxial cable on the coherence of the superconducting quantum bit may be reduced.

Abstract: A coated optical fiber includes an optical fiber having a core and an outer surface, and a homogeneous polymer coating in contact with the outer surface of the optical fiber. The optical fiber and the homogeneous polymer coating are UV transparent, and a refractive index of the outer surface of the optical fiber or the homogeneous polymer coating is up to 15% less than a refractive index of the core. Coating the optical fiber includes coating an outer surface with a polymerizable material and polymerizing the polymerizerable material to yield the coated optical fiber having a homogeneous polymer coating. The optical fiber and the homogeneous polymer coating are UV transparent, and a refractive index of the outer surface of the optical fiber or the homogeneous polymer coating is up to 15% less than a refractive index of a core of the optical fiber.

Abstract: An electron beam phase plate is provided where patterned radiation is provided to the phase plate to creates a corresponding electrical pattern, This electrical pattern provides a corresponding patterned modulation of the electron beam. Such modulation can be done in transmission or in reflection. This approach has numerous applications in electron microscopy, such as providing phase and/or amplitude shaping, aberration correction and providing phase contrast.

Abstract: An ion-optical device comprising: a plurality of electrodes (2); a first AC voltage supply (6); and a transformer (4) having: a toroidal core (8); a primary winding (10) connected to the AC voltage supply (6) and passing through the aperture within the toroidal core (8); and at least one secondary winding (13,15) wound around the toroidal core 8 and electrically connected to multiple ones of said plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer program products for using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the analysis of endogenous biomarkers, such as PGD2, in a biological sample. More specifically, the methods, systems, and computer program products are described for detecting and quantifying the amount of an PGD2 in a sample. The quantitative analysis may be helpful in making clinical diagnoses.

Abstract: A metal reuse system for an extreme ultra violet (EUV) radiation source apparatus includes a first metal collector for collecting metal from vanes of the EUV radiation source apparatus, a first metal storage coupled to the first metal collector via a first conduit, a metal droplet generator coupled to the first metal storage via a second conduit, and a first metal filtration device disposed on either one of the first conduit and the second conduit.

Abstract: A charged particle beam device is provided in which axis adjustment as a superimposing lens is facilitated by aligning an axis of an electrostatic lens resulting from a deceleration electric field with an axis of a magnetic field lens. The charged particle beam device includes: an electron source; an objective lens that focuses a probe electron beam from the electron source on a sample; a first beam tube and a second beam tube through each of which the probe electron beam passes; a deceleration electrode arranged between the first beam tube and a sample; a first voltage source that forms a deceleration electric field for the probe electron beam between the first beam tube and the deceleration electrode by applying a first potential to the first beam tube; and a first moving mechanism that moves a position of the first beam tube.

Abstract: A laser produced plasma light source comprises a vacuum chamber with a rotating target assembly supplying a target into an interaction zone with focused laser beam. The target is layer of a fluid and/or free-flowing target material on a surface of annular groove in the rotating target assembly. An output beam of short-wavelength radiation exits the interaction zone to an optical collector through the means for debris mitigation. A linear velocity of the target is not less than 100 m/s and a vector of the linear velocity of the target in the interaction zone is directed on one side of a plane passing through the interaction zone and the rotation axis while the focused laser beam and the output beam are located on another side of said plane. The optical collector comprises two ellipsoidal mirror units arranged in a tandem.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer 1 includes a vacuum container 5 divided into a first chamber 51 containing an ion trap 3 and a second chamber 52 containing a time-of-flight mass spectrometer 4. The ion trap 3 is held within an ion-trap-holding space 610 surrounded by a wall 61. In this wall 61, a cooling-gas discharge port 64 is formed in addition to an introduction-side ion passage port 62 and an ejection-side ion passage port 63. A cooling gas supplied into an ion-capturing space 315 of the ion trap 3 is discharged from the ion-trap-holding space 610 through the three ports. The provision of the cooling-gas discharge port 64 reduces the amount of cooling gas flowing into the ejection-side ion passage port 63 and interfering with the ejection of ions from the ion trap 3 into the time-of-flight mass spectrometer 4. Consequently, the detection intensity of the ions is improved.

Abstract: A static water sterilization module is provided according to the present application, which includes a lamp holder, a light-transmitting plate, a lamp plate, a sterilization lamp, a first sealing ring, a clamping member and a waterproof potting adhesive. The light-transmitting plate is mounted on the lamp holder. The lamp plate is mounted in the lamp holder. The sterilization lamp is mounted on the lamp plate. An inner surface of the lamp plate, an inner surface of the light-transmitting plate and an inner wall of the lamp holder form a sealing chamber for mounting the sterilization lamp. The first sealing ring abuts against an outer surface of the lamp plate. The clamping member is configured to press the first sealing ring and the lamp plate. The waterproof potting adhesive is configured to encapsulate a base chamber between the outer surface of the lamp plate and the lamp holder.

Abstract: A compound and a method of detecting CLN3 are provided. The compound includes a heavy isotope labeled CLN3 proteotypic peptide. The method includes i) selecting a CLN3 proteotypic peptide that exhibits linear behavior in the mass spectrometer; ii) generating a stable isotope labeled standard; iii) spiking known amounts of the stable isotope labeled standard into a sample to form a spiked sample; iv) determining retention times and establishing calibration curves using the spiked sample; and v) detecting unlabeled selected CLN3 proteins in the sample.

Abstract: A remote diagnostic control of physical components of a particle accelerator system includes presenting, by at least one processor at a first physical location, a fault control interface including at least one control affordance corresponding to a physical component associated with a particle emitting system and a particle delivery system each located at a second physical location remote from the first physical location, and at least one arrangement presentation corresponding to the physical component and at least one physical device including the physical component, the arrangement presentation including a first operating state indicator associated with the physical component and a second operating state indicator associated with the physical device, and in response to activating the control affordance, generating a device command for transmission to the physical component to modify an operating state of the physical component at one or more of the particle emitting system and the particle delivery system, m

Abstract: A method for processing a transparent workpiece including directing a laser beam in a first orientation along a first beam pathway where a first portion of the laser beam includes a first laser beam focal line and generates an induced absorption to produce a first defect segment within the transparent workpiece. The method further includes adjusting the laser beam to a second orientation along a second beam pathway where a second portion of the laser beam includes a second laser beam focal line and generates the induced absorption to produce a second defect segment within the transparent workpiece. Each of the first and second laser beam focal lines include a circular angular spectrum within the transparent workpiece; and at least one of the laser beam focal lines include an internal focal line angle of greater than 10° relative to a plane orthogonal to the impingement surface at the impingement location.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an atomic object trap apparatus and a method of operating such. The atomic object trap apparatus comprises two or more radio frequency (RF) electrodes formed concentrically in a substantially elliptical shape; and three or more trapping and/or transport (TT) electrode sequences formed concentrically in a substantially elliptical shape. The two or more RF electrodes and the three or more TT electrode sequences define a substantially elliptically-shaped atomic object trap. At least one TT electrode sequence of the three or more TT electrode sequences is disposed concentrically between the two or more RF electrodes. Each RF electrode and TT electrode sequence is elliptically shaped such that each comprises two substantially parallel longitudinal regions and two arc-spanning beltway regions, the four regions forming a substantially elliptical shape. The method is directed to operating a quantum computing system comprising an example atomic object trap apparatus.